Subject(s)
Anemia, Refractory/complications , Anemia, Sideroblastic/complications , Aged , Anemia, Refractory/diagnosis , Anemia, Refractory/drug therapy , Anemia, Sideroblastic/diagnosis , Anemia, Sideroblastic/drug therapy , Chelation Therapy/adverse effects , Deferoxamine/adverse effects , Deferoxamine/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Erythrocyte Transfusion , Female , Ferritins/blood , Humans , Iron Chelating Agents/adverse effects , Iron Chelating Agents/therapeutic use , Iron Overload/etiology , Iron Overload/prevention & control , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
It has been suggested that environmental exposures and living conditions can explain some of the worldwide variation in atopic disorders. Norway has large environmental contrasts within the country. We compared skin prick sensitization rates among school children living in the southern subarctic and in the northern arctic part of Norway. Approximately one quarter of the children were sensitized, mostly against pollen and animal dander, while mite and mould sensitization seemed to be a minor problem. Sensitization rates and profiles were similar in the north and south despite differences in living conditions and environmental exposures.
Subject(s)
Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Allergens/immunology , Animals , Arctic Regions/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dermatitis, Atopic/diagnosis , Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology , Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology , Female , Humans , Hypersensitivity/immunology , Male , Norway/epidemiology , Pollen/immunology , Pyroglyphidae/immunology , Respiratory Function Tests , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/diagnosis , Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology , Skin TestsABSTRACT
Primary arthroplasty or internal fixation are the most common ways of treating intracapsular femoral neck fractures, while arthroplasty is the preferred salvage treatment after failed internal fixation. A prospective registration of hip hemiarthroplasties between January 1998 and March 2002 identified 282 procedures for an acute femoral neck fracture and 149 procedures after failed internal fixation with two parallel screws. Chart review was performed after 19-74 months. The groups were comparable in co-morbidities and perioperative conditions. In the primary hemiarthroplasty group 15 of 282 (5%) arthroplasties were re-operated for complications compared to 16 of 149 (11%) in the secondary group (p=0.04). The most common re-operation was soft tissue debridement because of infection. There were more patients with an excision arthroplasty as end result in the secondary hemiarthroplasty group (6 (4%) versus 1 (0.4%); p=0.004). The higher risk of a re-operation after a salvage hemiarthroplasty should be considered when deciding between internal fixation and hemiarthroplasty as treatment for femoral neck fractures.
