ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify sexual behaviour in adolescents. DESIGN: Transversal, descriptive study, by means of an anonymous structured questionnaire. SETTING: Urban secondary school. PARTICIPANTS: Simple random sample of 84 students (4th year of ESO--c. 15/16 years old). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Personal details, sexual practices, use of condoms. RESULTS: 61.9% were girls. Average age was 16.4 (95% CI, 16.2-16.6). They had a girl/boy-friend or casual partner (33.7%) and stable partner (60.7%). 82.2% had total or sufficient trust. Boys' first masturbation was between 14 and 16 (46.8%). 100% had done so by the age of 16. 72.3% of girls had never masturbated at this age (P<.001).Boys' first kiss on the lips occurred between 14 and 16 (46.8%); 100% had done so by 16. 60.7% of girls had done so between 14 and 16, and 92.2% by 16.30.1% of boys had had their first experience of coitus by the age of the questionnaire, whereas 22.5% of girls had. Both sexes used a condom on 71.4% of occasions.38.1% had sex with penetration, 46.2% masturbated. 22.2% had had 2 sexual partners, 8.9% had had 3, and 40.0% had had 4 or more. Condoms were used in 83.3% of relationships with penetration. CONCLUSIONS: This is a sexually active population, susceptible to sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and unwanted pregnancies, as it does not use condoms in every relationship involving penetration. Health education activities need to be encouraged.
Subject(s)
Condoms/statistics & numerical data , Sexual Behavior , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of alprazolam (1 mg/kg i.p.) on the development of autochthonous tumors induced by the Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) in BALB/c female mice subjected to stress. Enhancement of MSV-induced tumor incidence and growth was observed, together with a delay in the usual prompt regression of the tumors, when programmed white sound anxiety-stress was administered immediately following MSV i.m. inoculation. However, a depressant effect on tumor size and incidence was observed when stress was administered before virus inoculation. Treatment with alprazolam was found to reverse partially the adverse effects of postinoculation stress, and also to inhibit the beneficial effects of the preinoculation administration of stress on tumor development. Pretreatment with Ro 15-1788 (10 mg/kg s.c.), a central benzodiazepine antagonist, resulted in a suppression on both effects of alprazolam in stressed mice.
Subject(s)
Alprazolam/therapeutic use , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Moloney murine sarcoma virus , Retroviridae Infections/prevention & control , Sarcoma, Experimental/prevention & control , Stress, Psychological/drug therapy , Tumor Virus Infections/prevention & control , Animals , Disease Progression , Female , Flumazenil/pharmacology , GABA Modulators/pharmacology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Noise/adverse effects , Premedication , Sarcoma, Experimental/pathology , Stress, Psychological/etiologyABSTRACT
Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of buspirone, a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-1A (5-HT1A) anxiolytic, on the immune system of mice exposed to a chronic auditory stressor. Daily injection with 0.5 and 1 mg/kg (intraperitoneally) of buspirone resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the stress-induced suppression of the natural killer (NK) cell activity and the in vitro and in vivo activity of phagocytosis. Higher doses of buspirone (2.0 mg/kg) showed less robust immunoenhancing effects in stressed mice, and caused a significant suppression of these immune parameters in unstressed mice.
Subject(s)
Buspirone/pharmacology , Immunity/drug effects , Stress, Psychological/immunology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , In Vitro Techniques , Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects , Macrophages/drug effects , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Noise/adverse effects , Phagocytosis/drug effects , Spleen/cytology , Spleen/drug effectsABSTRACT
Mice exposed to surgical stress induced by laparotomy and treated with chronic alprazolam (0.5-2 mg/kg) showed a dose-dependent reduction in stress-induced suppression of the natural killer (NK) cell activity. These immunoenhancing effects of alprazolam were more intense when it administered before the surgery was performed.
Subject(s)
Alprazolam/pharmacology , Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects , Stress, Physiological/immunology , Animals , Antibody Formation/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Killer Cells, Natural/immunology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Stress, Physiological/drug therapy , Stress, Physiological/etiology , Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effectsABSTRACT
The review of the literature shows that stress can adversely affect influenza A virus infection. In this report, we study the effects of chronic alprazolam (1 mg/kg/day), a central benzodiazepine agonist anxiolytic, on the influenza A (PR-8/34) virus specific immune injury in mice exposed to a chronic auditory stressor. Treatment with alprazolam resulted in a significant reduction of stress-induced increase of virus titters and pulmonary vascular permeability. A correlation with the lethality of mice was also observed.
Subject(s)
Alprazolam/pharmacology , Influenza A virus , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/psychology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Acoustic Stimulation/adverse effects , Animals , Capillary Permeability/physiology , Influenza A virus/pathogenicity , Lung/microbiology , Male , Mice , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/complications , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/mortality , Pulmonary Alveoli/physiopathology , Stress, Psychological/complications , Stress, Psychological/mortality , Survival RateSubject(s)
Receptors, Opioid/metabolism , Thyroid Gland/metabolism , Animals , Autoradiography/methods , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enkephalins/metabolism , Male , Morphine/pharmacology , Naloxone/pharmacology , Rats , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Opioid/analysis , Receptors, Opioid/drug effects , Reference Values , TritiumABSTRACT
Mice submitted to surgical stress induced by laparotomy and treated with chronic midazolam (1 mg/kg) showed a reduction in stress-induced suppression of thymus and spleen cellularity and in peripheral lymphocyte population. The blastogenic response of spleen lymphoid cells was also assessed and midazolam was found to partially attenuate the suppressive effect of surgery.
Subject(s)
Immunosuppression Therapy , Midazolam/pharmacology , Stress, Physiological/immunology , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood , Animals , Concanavalin A/pharmacology , Female , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Organ Size/drug effects , Spleen/cytology , Surgical Procedures, Operative , T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Thymus Gland/cytologyABSTRACT
Female C3H/He mice carrying the mammary tumor virus (MTV) were monitored for mammary tumor incidence and latent periods while subjected to a daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of placebo or alprazolam (1 mg/kg per day). Although all of the mice were potential candidates for MTV-induced breast cancer, those injected with alprazolam were partially protected against adverse effects of stress induced by the daily administration of placebo.
Subject(s)
Alprazolam/pharmacology , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/etiology , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse , Stress, Physiological/complications , Tumor Virus Infections , Age Factors , Alprazolam/administration & dosage , Animals , Female , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control , Mice , Mice, Inbred C3H , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Female C3H/He mice carrying the mammary tumor virus (MTV) were monitored for mammary tumor incidence and latent periods while submitted to a daily subcutaneous injection with amphetamine (0,4 mg/kg/day). Results show that amphetamine caused an increase in incidence and a decrease in latency of tumors compared with placebo. There was also appreciated a correlation with the lethality of mice.
Subject(s)
Amphetamine/adverse effects , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/chemically induced , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/drug effects , Amphetamine/administration & dosage , Animals , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/microbiology , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/prevention & control , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/physiology , Mice , Mice, Inbred C3H , Virus Replication/drug effectsABSTRACT
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the influences of chronic treatment with amphetamine (0.4 mg/kg/day) on the activity of phagocytosis in mice. Results show a decrease of the in vitro and in vivo phagocytosis measured by using the zymosan-particle uptake method and the carbon clearance test, respectively.
Subject(s)
Amphetamine/pharmacology , Phagocytosis/drug effects , Animals , Female , Macrophages/drug effects , Macrophages/immunology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Peritoneal Cavity/cytology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Mice chronically injected with amphetamine (0.4 mg/kg/day) showed a reduction in thymus and spleen cellularity, and in peripheral T lymphocyte population. The blastogenic response of spleen lymphoid cells was assessed and amphetamine was found to inhibit T-cell proliferation. Amphetamine also reduced the capacity of mice to the development and passive transfer of immunity to Listeria monocytogenes.