Spanish National Registry of Paediatric Coeliac Disease: Changes in the Clinical Presentation in the 21st Century.

OBJECTIVES: Over the last several decades, there has been a tendency towards a predominance of less symptomatic forms of coeliac disease (CD) and an increase in the patient age at diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the clinical presentation and diagnostic process of paediatric CD in Spain. METHODS: A nationwide prospective, observational, multicentre registry of new paediatric CD cases was conducted from January 2011 to June 2017. The data regarding demographic variables, type of birth, breast-feeding history, family history of CD, symptoms, height and weight, associated conditions, serological markers, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotype, and histopathological findings were collected. RESULTS: In total, 4838 cases (61% girls) from 73 centres were registered. The median age at diagnosis was 4 years. Gastrointestinal symptoms were detected in 71.4% of the patients, and diarrhoea was the most frequent symptom (45.9%). The most common clinical presentation was the classical form (65.1%) whereas 9.8% ofthe patients were asymptomatic. There was a trend towards an increase in the age at diagnosis, proportion of asymptomatic CD cases, and usage of anti-deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies and HLA typing for CD diagnosis. There was, however, a decreasing trend in the proportion of patients undergoing biopsies. Some of these significant trend changes may reflect the effects of the 2012 ESPGHAN diagnosis guidelines. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric CD in Spain is evolving in the same direction as in the rest of Europe, although classical CD remains the most common presentation form, and the age at diagnosis remains relatively low.

Manifestación gastrointestinal exclusiva como forma de presentación de infección por coronavirus (COVID-19) / Exclusive gastrointestinal signs as a form of presentation of coronavirus (covid-19) infection

No disponible

Predictors of Response to Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Newly Diagnosed Crohn´s Disease in Children: PRESENCE Study from SEGHNP.

Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) has been shown to be more effective than corticosteroids in achieving mucosal healing in children with Crohn´s disease (CD) without the adverse effects of these drugs. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of EEN in terms of inducing clinical remission in children newly diagnosed with CD, to describe the predictive factors of response to EEN and the need for treatment with biological agents during the first 12 months of the disease. We conducted an observational retrospective multicentre study that included paediatric patients newly diagnosed with CD between 2014-2016 who underwent EEN. Two hundred and twenty-two patients (140 males) from 35 paediatric centres were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 11.6 ± 2.5 years. The median EEN duration was 8 weeks (IQR 6.6-8.5), and 184 of the patients (83%) achieved clinical remission (weighted paediatric Crohn's Disease activity index [wPCDAI] < 12.5). Faecal calprotectin (FC) levels (µg/g) decreased significantly after EEN (830 [IQR 500-1800] to 256 [IQR 120-585] p < 0.0001). Patients with wPCDAI ≤ 57.5, FC < 500 µg/g, CRP >15 mg/L and ileal involvement tended to respond better to EEN. EEN administered for 6-8 weeks is effective for inducing clinical remission. Due to the high response rate in our series, EEN should be used as the first-line therapy in luminal paediatric Crohn's disease regardless of the location of disease and disease activity.

Urea cycle disorders in Spain: an observational, cross-sectional and multicentric study of 104 cases.

BACKGROUND: Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of urea cycle disorders (UCDs) have led to a higher survival rate. The purpose of this study is to describe the characteristics of patients with urea cycle disorders in Spain. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional and multicenter study. Clinical, biochemical and genetic data were collected from patients with UCDs, treated in the metabolic diseases centers in Spain between February 2012 and February 2013, covering the entire Spanish population. Heterozygous mothers of patients with OTC deficiency were only included if they were on treatment due to being symptomatic or having biochemistry abnormalities. RESULTS: 104 patients from 98 families were included. Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency was the most frequent condition (64.4%) (61.2% female) followed by type 1 citrullinemia (21.1%) and argininosuccinic aciduria (9.6%). Only 13 patients (12.5%) were diagnosed in a pre-symptomatic state. 63% of the cases presented with type intoxication encephalopathy. The median ammonia level at onset was 298 µmol/L (169-615). The genotype of 75 patients is known, with 18 new mutations having been described. During the data collection period four patients died, three of them in the early days of life. The median current age is 9.96 years (5.29-18), with 25 patients over 18 years of age. Anthropometric data, expressed as median and z-score for the Spanish population is shown. 52.5% of the cases present neurological sequelae, which have been linked to the type of disease, neonatal onset, hepatic failure at diagnosis and ammonia values at diagnosis. 93 patients are following a protein restrictive diet, 0.84 g/kg/day (0.67-1.10), 50 are receiving essential amino acid supplements, 0.25 g/kg/day (0.20-0.45), 58 arginine, 156 mg/kg/day (109-305) and 45 citrulline, 150 mg/kg/day (105-199). 65 patients are being treated with drugs: 4 with sodium benzoate, 50 with sodium phenylbutyrate, 10 with both drugs and 1 with carglumic acid. CONCLUSIONS: Studies like this make it possible to analyze the frequency, natural history and clinical practices in the area of rare diseases, with the purpose of knowing the needs of the patients and thus planning their care.

Impactación alimentaria como presentación de Esofagitis Eosinofílica / Food impaction as a sign of Eosinophilic esophagitis

La esofagitis eosinofílica es una enfermedad inusual hasta el momento actual. Se sabe poco de su evolución natural, pero si no se trata puede provocar la formación de estenosis esofágicas. Presentamos el caso de un niño de 12 años que acude a urgencias por impactación alimentaria y presenta antecedentes de atopia y alergia, todo ello característico de esta entidad (AU)

Eosinophilic esophagitis is currently an uncommon disease. Little is known on its natural progression, but if it remains untreated it may cause esophageal stenosis. We present a case of a 12 year old boy who came to the emergency department due to food impaction and who had a history of atopy and allergy, which are characteristic of this condition (AU)

Urticaria pigmentosa / Urticaria pigmentosa

La proteína de la leche de vaca es el primer alimento no homólogo introducido en la dieta durante la infancia. Es una de las causas mas frecuentes de alergia alimentaria en niños y está implicada en reacciones de hipersensibilidad como exantemas y urticaria. Se deben considerar en el diagnóstico diferencial otras causas menos frecuentes de lesiones cutáneas en niños. La mastocitosis en una rara enfermedad, caracterizada por el aumento de mastocitos en los tejidos, que puede producir alteraciones tanto sistémicas como cutáneas. En pacientes pediátricos la forma cutánea más frecuente es la urticaria pigmentosa, donde el acúmulo anormal de mastocitos se limita a la piel y los pacientes están asintomáticos o presentan mínima afectación

Cow’s milk is usually the fi rst foreign protein introduced into an infant’s diet. It is one of the most common food allergiesin young children and has been implicated in several hypersensitivity reactions such as rashes and urticaria. Other less frequent causes of rashes in children should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. Mastocytosis is a group of rare disorders, both cutaneous and systemic, that are characterized by an increased numbers of mast cells in the tissues and organs. In paediatric patients, cutaneous involvement is most prevalent in the form of urticaria pigmentosa, abnormal mast cell accumulation is limited to the skin which is typically asymptomatic or only slightly affected