An updated phylogenetic classification of Corynespora cassiicola isolates and a practical approach to their identification based on the nucleotide polymorphisms at the ga4 and caa5 loci.

Corynespora cassiicola (Burk. & M.A. Curtis) C.T. Wei. is an anamorphic fungus that affects more than 530 plant species, including economically important crops. Several lineages of this pathogen have been recognized, but the classification of isolates into clades is time-consuming and still sometimes leads to unclear results. In this work, eight major phylogenetic clades (PhL1-PhL8) including 245 isolates of C. cassiicola from 44 plant species were established based on a Bayesian inference analysis of four combined C. cassiicola genomic loci retrieved from GenBank, i.e., rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), actin-1,ga4, and caa5. The existence of PhL1-PhL5 and PhL7 as clonal lineages was further confirmed through the analysis of full-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms of 39 isolates. Haplotypes of the caa5 locus were PhL specific and encode isoforms of the LDB19 domain of a putative α-arrestin N-terminal-like protein. Evolution of the Caa5 arrestin is in correspondence with the PhLs. ga4 and caa5 PhL consensus sequences and a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) procedure were generated based on the conserved nucleotide sequences and enzyme restriction patterns observed among isolates from the same lineage, respectively. The CAPS method was validated in silico, and its practical use allowed us to differentiate between tomato and papaya isolates, as well as to reveal the prevalence of PhL1 among isolates infecting soybean in Brazil. This novel approach could be useful in the efforts to control the diseases associated with C. cassiicola.

Unveiling the complete genome sequence of clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus, a putative dichorhavirus infecting ornamental plants.

The genus Dichorhavirus includes plant-infecting rhabdoviruses with bisegmented genomes that are horizontally transmitted by false spider mites of the genus Brevipalpus. The complete genome sequences of three isolates of the putative dichorhavirus clerodendrum chlorotic spot virus were determined using next-generation sequencing (Illumina) and traditional RT-PCR. Their genome organization, sequence similarity and phylogenetic relationship to other viruses, and transmissibility by Brevipalpus yothersi mites support the assignment of these viruses to a new species of dichorhavirus, as suggested previously. New data are discussed stressing the reliability of the current rules for species demarcation and taxonomic status criteria within the genus Dichorhavirus.

Aspergillus sclerotiorum: riesgo para la herencia cultural y la salud / Aspergillus sclerotiorum: a risk to cultural heritage and health Abstract / Aspergillus sclerotiorum: risco para a herança cultural e para a saúde

A partir de una mancha de enmohecido de un libro del Archivo "Coronado" con valor patrimonial, se obtuvo una cepa fúngica mediante aislamiento en medio de cultivo micológico. La cepa fué Aspergillus sclerotiorum y se identificó por secuenciación de ADN ribosomal. Se evaluó y confirmó su capacidad deteriorante sobre el papel, al determinar cualitativamente las actividades enzimáticas celulolítica, proteolítica y amilolítica, así como la producción de pigmentos y ácidos. Se evaluaron cuantitativamente sus actividades enzimáticas celulasa total sobre papel de filtro (FPasa) y &beta-endoglucanasa, FPasa y &beta-endoglucanasa; confirmando actividades bajas. Aunque su capacidad deteriorante es discreta, resulta ser amenza para la conservación del documento y potencialmente peligroso para la salud de las personas que consultan y archivan.

By performing a mycological culture, we isolated a fungal strain from a mold patch in a book of great heritage value from the "Coronado" archives. Ribosomal DNA sequencing identified the strain as Aspergillus sclerotiorum. By qualitatively determining its cellulolytic, proteolytic and amylolytic and enzymatic activities, as well as the production of pigments and acids, we confirmed its paper deteriorating abilities. Quantitatively, we evaluated its total cellulase enzyme activities on filter paper (FPase) and &beta-endoglucanase, and FPase and &beta-endoglucanase; confirming low activities. Although its deteriorating abilities are weak, it poses a threat to the preservation of the document and is a potential health hazard to the people who refer to and archive these books.

A partir de uma mancha de bolor de um livro do Arquivo "Coronado" com valor patrimonial, obteve-se uma cepa fúngica mediante isolamento em meio de cultura micologica. A cepa foi Aspergillus sclerotiorum e identificou-se por sequenciação de ADN ribossomal. Avaliou-se e confirmou-se a sua capacidade deteriorantesobre o papel, ao determinar qualitativamente as atividades enzimáticas celulósica, proteolitica e amiolitica, assim como a produção de epigmentos e ácidos. Avaliaram-se quantitativamente as suas atividades enzimáticas celulase toral sobre o papel de filtro (FPasa) e &beta-endoglucanasa, FPasa e &beta-endoglucanasa; confirmando atividades baixas. Apesar da sua capacidade deteriorante ser discreta, resulta ser ameaçante para a conservação do documento e potencialmente perigoso para a saúde das pessoas que consultam e arquivam.

Catalytical properties of N-glycosylated Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus levansucrase produced in yeast

The influence of N-glycosylation on the kinetic and catalytical properties of a bacterial fructosyltransferase (LsdA) produced in Pichia pastoris was studied. The glycosylated enzyme behaved similarly to non-glycosylated LsdA when substrate specificity, fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) production, sucrose hydrolysis or levan formation reactions were carried out under different experimental conditions. The kinetic parameters for native or yeast-expressed LsdA determined at 60ºC, condition for the highest hydrolytic activity, followed a conventional Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Synthase activity of this levansucrase increased in water-restricted environments by addition of salt or organic solvent to the reaction mixtures.