ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Lung cancer patients with a previous extra-pulmonary malignancy have been widely discussed for their postoperative prognosis. Still, whether different types of previous extra-pulmonary malignancy confer different clinicopathological features and outcomes of lung cancer patients deserves further investigation. METHODS: The medical records of patients undergoing operation for pulmonary malignancy were retrospectively reviewed. After identifying primary lung cancer out of pulmonary metastasis in patients with a history of previous extra-pulmonary malignancy, clinicopathological parameters and postoperative prognosis were compared between lung cancer patients without and with different types of previous extra-pulmonary malignancy. RESULTS: Approximately, 5.0% lung cancer patients undergoing surgery had a previous extra-pulmonary malignancy. Prior breast cancer (20%) and colorectal cancer (16%) formed the majority of these previous extra-pulmonary malignancies. Many clinicopathological features such as reason for visit, tumor size and histological subtype were significantly different between lung cancer patients without and with different types of previous extra-pulmonary malignancy (P < 0.05). Lung cancer patients with a previous occurrence of breast cancer were the most different type from patients without a previous extra-pulmonary malignancy in clinicopathological features (P < 0.05). The postoperative overall survival was not significantly different between lung cancer patients without and with different types of previous extra-pulmonary malignancy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Previous extra-pulmonary malignancy was confirmed to be harmless to postoperative prognosis of lung cancer patients. Lung cancer patients with a previous extra-pulmonary malignancy, especially with a previous occurrence of breast cancer, were highly heterogeneous in clinicopathological features. These findings implied there might be a unique etiology existing in lung cancer following a previous occurrence of breast cancer.
Subject(s)
Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Neoplasms, Second Primary/pathology , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Lung Neoplasms/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms, Second Primary/mortality , Prognosis , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between type I interferon (IFN-I) and plaque stability in pristane-treated apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigen antibody (ENA) levels were measured by immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Atherosclerotic plaques were detected by Sirius red/fast green staining. Cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling. Gene expression was determined by real-time PCR analyses. We found that pristane-treated ApoE(-/-) mice developed a lupus-like syndrome characterized by an increased production of serum ANA and ENA. Pristane treatment decreased the collagen content and increased the number of apoptotic cells in plaques. Moreover, IFN-induced ISG15, IFIT1-1, and IFIT1-2 gene expression was increased in peripheral blood cells and aortic plaques. An IFN-α-stimulated macrophage supernatant inhibited collagen type I, alpha 1 gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. We concluded that the vulnerability of plaques was associated with the activation of IFN-I in pristane-treated ApoE(-/-) mice. Thus, we speculated that the higher prevalence of cardiovascular events in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus could be due to plaque instability.
Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/genetics , Interferon-alpha/genetics , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics , Animals , Apolipoproteins E/genetics , Apoptosis/genetics , Atherosclerosis/pathology , Disease Models, Animal , Humans , Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology , Macrophages/pathology , Mice , Mice, Knockout , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism , Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology , Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathologyABSTRACT
Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) is a secreted signaling protein that belongs to the FGF family, and was found to be associated with hair growth in humans and other animals. The Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) is a goat breed that provides superior cashmere; this breed was formed by spontaneous mutation in China. Here, we report the cloning, molecular characterization, and expression pattern of the Cashmere goat FGF5. The cloned FGF5 cDNA was 813 base pairs (KM596772), including an open reading frame encoding a 270-amino-acid polypeptide. The nucleotide sequence shared 99% homology with Ovis aries FGF5 (NM_001246263.1). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that FGF5 contained a signal peptide, an FGF domain, and a heparin-binding growth factor/FGF family signature. There was 1 cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, 11 protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, 4 casein kinase II phosphorylation sites, 1 amidation site, 1 N-glycosylation site, and 1 tyrosine kinase phosphorylation site in FGF5. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that FGF5 mRNA levels were higher in testis than in the pancreas and liver. These data suggest that FGF5 may play a crucial role in Cashmere goat hair growth.
Subject(s)
Fibroblast Growth Factor 5/genetics , Gene Expression , Goats/metabolism , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Cells, Cultured , Cloning, Molecular , Fibroblast Growth Factor 5/chemistry , Fibroblast Growth Factor 5/metabolism , Goats/genetics , Male , Models, Molecular , Molecular Sequence Data , Organ Specificity , Phylogeny , RNA, Messenger , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Sequence Homology, Amino Acid , Testis/metabolismABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of craniocervical decompression with duraplasty and cerebellar tonsillectomy for the treatment of Chiari malformation-I with syringomyelia (CM I-SM). From January 2005 to December 2011, 127 patients with CM I-SM underwent craniocervical decompression with duraplasty and cerebellar tonsillectomy and the therapeutic effects of these surgeries were evaluated using Tator scores. No patient in this study died or showed disease deterioration after the surgery. Re-examination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed that the cisterna magna was obviously larger after the operation in all but one patient. Moreover, syringomyelia (SM) was reduced in 76 patients. CM I-SM symptoms disappeared or decreased in 112 patients after following discharge. Follow-up was conducted in 84 of the patients and 79 of these patients exhibited improved symptoms. A second MRI re-examination showed that the cisterna magna was successfully constructed in 44 patients; 42 of these patients showed further eliminated or obviously reduced SM. Craniocervical decompression with duraplasty and cerebellar tonsillectomy achieved favorable therapeutic effects. Thus, craniocervical decompression with duraplasty and cerebellar tonsillectomy is a rational surgical approach with beneficial clinical effects. The proposed approach may have useful applications in the treatment of CM I-SM.
Subject(s)
Arnold-Chiari Malformation/surgery , Cerebellum/surgery , Decompression, Surgical/methods , Dura Mater/surgery , Syringomyelia/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/diagnostic imaging , Arnold-Chiari Malformation/physiopathology , Cerebellum/diagnostic imaging , Cerebellum/physiopathology , Dura Mater/diagnostic imaging , Dura Mater/physiopathology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications , Radiography , Syringomyelia/diagnostic imaging , Syringomyelia/physiopathology , Tonsillectomy , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
This study was designed to detect the stiffness of single living gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) cells in vitro using an atomic force microscope as a probe tool. We determined that the stiffness of living GIST cells was 3913 Pa, the stiffness of the membrane was 642 Pa, and the stiffness of the cytoplasm was 17,550 Pa. For comparison, we also determined the stiffness of a normal stomach cell, which was 7374 Pa, and that of in vitro GIST cells after 2 h of exposure, which was 10,680 Pa. Measuring the mechanical properties of individual GIST cells might provide more complementary information for the diagnosis and treatment of GISTs from the perspective of physical characteristics.