Autoantibodies to 60kDa SS-A/Ro yield a specific nuclear myriad discrete fine speckled immunofluorescence pattern.

OBJECTIVES: To report on a novel immunofluorescence pattern specifically associated with antibodies to SS-A/Ro. METHODS: A novel immunofluorescence pattern, herein designated SS-A/Ro pattern, was characterized as myriad discrete fine speckles throughout the nucleus. Eighty-six sequential samples presenting the SS-A/Ro pattern and 64 samples presenting non-SS-A/Ro nuclear fine speckled pattern at the ANA-HEp-2 routine were screened for SS-A/Ro reactivity. Conversely, 48 samples with known reactivity to 60kDa SS-A/Ro, 13 samples with exclusive reactivity to 52kDa SS-A/Ro, and 48 SS-A/Ro-negative samples were analyzed for the ANA-HEp-2 pattern. RESULTS: Eighty-five of the 86 samples (98.8%) presenting the SS-A/Ro pattern and 15 of the 64 (23.4%) samples with non-SS-A/Ro fine speckled pattern reacted with 60kDa SS-A/Ro. Conversely, 44 (91.6%) of 48 samples with known reactivity to 60kDa SS-A/Ro presented the SS-A/Ro pattern and four (8.4%) presented non-SS-A/Ro fine speckled pattern. None of the 48 anti-SS-A/Ro-negative samples and none of anti-52kDa SS-A/Ro-positive samples yielded the SS-A/Ro pattern. This immunofluorescence pattern was observed in different commercial HEp-2 cell slides and in homemade HEp-2 cell slides. CONCLUSIONS: The SS-A/Ro pattern belongs to the group of immunofluorescence patterns that hold strong association with the respective autoantibody specificities, such as those associated with CENP-F and NuMA-1. The identification of the SS-A/Ro pattern at the ANA-HEp-2 screening routine shall lead to specific tests for the identification of anti-SS-A/Ro antibodies.

Repair bond strength of microhybrid, nanohybrid and nanofilled resin composites: effect of substrate resin type, surface conditioning and ageing.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of non-aged and aged resin-based composites (RBC) (nanohybrid and nanofilled) after two surface conditioning methods, repaired using the composite of the same kind or a microhybrid composite. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nanohybrid (Tetric EvoCeram--TE) and nanofilled (Filtek Supreme--FS) RBC blocks (5 × 5 × 6 mm) (N = 128) were fabricated and randomly divided into two groups: (a) no ageing (control group) and (b) ageing (5.000 thermocycling, 5-55 °C). RBC surfaces were polished by up to 1,200-grit silicone carbide papers and conditioned with either (a) air abrasion with 30-µm SiO2 particles (CoJet Sand) for 4 s + silane coupling agent (ESPE-Sil) + adhesive resin (VisioBond) (n = 16) or (b) adhesive application only (Multilink A+B for TE; Adper ScotchBond 1XT for FS) (n = 16). In half of the groups, repair resin of the same kind with the RBC and, in the other half, a different kind of composite (microhybrid, Quadrant Anterior Shine--AS) with its corresponding adhesive (Quadrant UniBond) was used. The specimens were submitted to MTBS test (0.5 mm/min). Data were analysed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests. Degree of conversion (DC) of non-aged and aged resin composites (TE, FS) (n = 3 per group) was measured by micro-Raman analyses. RESULTS: RBC type (p = 0.001) and ageing affected the MTBS results significantly (p = 0.001). Surface conditioning type did not show significant difference (p = 0.726), but less number of pre-test failures was experienced with the CoJet system compared to adhesive resin application only. Repair strength on aged TE showed significantly less (p < 0.05) MTBS than for FS. FS repaired with the same kind of RBC and adhesive resin presented the highest cohesive failures (43 %). DC was higher for TE (71 %) than for FS (58 %) before ageing. CONCLUSION: On the aged RBCs, less favourable repair strength could be expected especially for nanohybrid composite. For repair actions, RBC surface conditioning could be accomplished with either adhesive resin application only or with CoJet system, providing that the latter resulted in less pre-test failures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinicians could condition the resin surface prior to repair or relayering with either CoJet system or adhesive resin application only, depending on the availability of the system.

Bond strength of two resin cements on dentin using different cementation strategies.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the microtensile bond strength of two resin cements to dentin either with their corresponding self-etching adhesives or employing the three-step "etch-and-rinse" technique. The null hypothesis was that the "etch-and-rinse" adhesive system would generate higher bond strengths than the self-etching adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two human molars were randomly divided into four groups (N = 32, n = 8/per group): G1) ED Primer self-etching adhesive + Panavia F; G2) All-Bond 2 "etch-and-rinse" adhesive + Panavia F; G3) Multilink primer A/B self-etching adhesive + Multilink resin cement; G4) All-Bond 2 + Multilink. After cementation of composite resin blocks (5 x 5 x 4 mm), the specimens were stored in water (37 degrees C, 24 hours), and sectioned to obtain beams (+/-1 mm(2) of adhesive area) to be submitted to microtensile test. The data were analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: Although the cement type did not significantly affect the results (p = 0.35), a significant effect of the adhesive system (p = 0.0001) was found on the bond strength results. Interaction terms were not significant (p = 0.88751). The "etch-and-rinse" adhesive provided significantly higher bond strength values (MPa) with both resin cements (G2: 34.4 +/- 10.6; G4: 33.0 +/- 8.9) compared to the self-etching adhesive systems (G1: 19.8 +/- 6.6; G3: 17.8 +/- 7.2) (p < 0.0001). Pretest failures were more frequent in the groups where self-etching systems were used. CONCLUSION: Although the cement type did not affect the results, there was a significant effect of changing the bonding strategy. The use of the three-step "etch-and-rinse" adhesive resulted in significantly higher bond strength for both resin cements on dentin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dual polymerized resin cements tested could deliver higher bond strength to dentin in combination with "etch-and-rinse" adhesive systems as opposed to their use in combination with self-etching adhesives.

Effect of adhesive system type and tooth region on the bond strength to dentin.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the bond strength of two etch-and-rinse adhesive systems (two- and three-step) and a self-etching system to coronal and root canal dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The root canals of 30 human incisors and canines were instrumented and prepared with burs. The posts used for luting were duplicated with dual resin cement (Duo-link) inside Aestheti Plus #2 molds. Thus, three groups were formed (n = 10) according to the adhesive system employed: All-Bond 2 (TE3) + resin cement post (rcp) + Duo-link (Dl); One-Step Plus (TE2) + rcp + Dl; Tyrian/One-Step Plus (SE) + rcp + Dl. Afterwards, 8 transverse sections (1.5 mm) were cut from 4 mm above the CEJ up to 4 mm short of the root canal apex, comprising coronal and root canal dentin. The sections were submitted to push-out testing in a universal testing machine EMIC (1 mm/min). Bond strength data were analyzed with two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The relationship between the adhesives was not the same in the different regions (p < 0.05). Comparison of the means achieved with the adhesives in each region (Tukey; p < 0.05) revealed that TE3 (mean +/- standard deviation: 5.22 +/- 1.70) was higher than TE2 (2.60 +/- 1.74) and SE (1.68 +/- 1.85). CONCLUSION: Under the experimental conditions, better bonding to dentin was achieved using the three-step etch-and-rinse system, especially in the coronal region. Therefore, the traditional etch-and-rinse three-step adhesive system seems to be the best choice for teeth needing adhesive endodontic restorations.

Evaluation of light transmission through translucent and opaque posts.

OBJECTIVES: The transmission of light through translucent posts was observed, and the microhardness of light-cured cement used to secure these posts was evaluated at different depths. METHODS: Fifteen single-rooted standard bovine teeth, 16 mm in size, were used. The root canals were prepared using #3 drills Light-Post (five teeth) and Aestheti Post (five teeth) systems (BISCO), with a working-length of 12 mm. In five teeth, translucent posts were cemented (Light-Post #2), while another five teeth received opaque posts (Aestheti Post #2). The roots were painted with black nail varnish to prevent the passage of light through the lateral walls of the roots. The root canals of all the specimens were treated with the All-Bond 2 adhesive system (BISCO) and cemented with light-cured cement (Enforce, Dentsply). All the roots were transversally cut to obtain six specimens 1.5 mm thick. Every two sections corresponded to a specific region of the root (cervical, middle, apical), making it possible to observe the cement microhardness at different levels. The groups (n = 10) were defined as: GI: translucent post (TP)/cervical region; G2: TP/middle region; G3: TP/apical region; G4: Opaque post (OP)/cervical region; G5: OP/middle region; G6: PO/apical region. Five root canals were only filled with cement for use as a control (G7). Then, Vickers microhardness analyses were performed. RESULTS: In G3, G5 and G6, the cement was not sufficiently hard to allow for microhardness analysis. When submitted to the ANOVA test, G1 (35.07), G2 (24.28) and G4 (28.64) presented no statistical differences. When the previous groups were compared to G7 (51.00) using the Kruskal-Wallis test, a statistical difference was found. CONCLUSION: Translucent posts allow cement polymerization up to the middle portion of the root.

Durability of bond strength between titanium alloy and resin cement / Durabilidade da resistência de união entre uma liga de titânio e um cimento resinoso

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the bond strength between resin cement and titanium alloy with silica coating. Six titanium alloy blocks (Rematitan, Dentaurum) were cast with dimensions of 5x6x6mm. One of the faces measuring 5x6mm of each titanium alloy block was etched with the CoJet System (3M ESPE – silica coating) and luted with Panavia F (Kuraray) to another identical block made from composite resin Z100 (3M ESPE) under a constant 750g load. The six samples formed by titanium alloy, cement and composite resin were split up in a mechanical lathe and 30 samples measuring 10x1x1mm were achieved, with an adhesive surface area of 1mm2 ± 0.2mm2.The samples were divided into 2 groups (n=15): G1 (group 1) – stored for 1 day in distilled water at 37°C; G2 (group2) – thermocycling for a total of 2,700 cycles (5°C – 55°C, dwell time: 30s). The microtensile test was accomplished in a universal testing machine (EMIC) at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Means and standard deviations of bond strengths (MPa) were 44.50±8.41 for G1 and 38.03±7.63 for G2. Data were analyzed using the unpaired Student t test (p<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between groups G1 and G2 (t=2.206; df=28; p=0.036). The bond strength values between the titanium alloy surface and the resin cement decreased after thermocycling.

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito da termociclagem na resistência adesiva entre uma liga de titânio tratadacom depósito de sílica e um cimento resinoso. Seis blocos de titânio (Rematitan, Dentaurum) foram fabricados com dimensões de 5x6x6mm. Uma das faces medidndo 5X6mm foi condicionada com o sistema CoJet System (3M ESPE, deposição de silica) e cimentada com Panavia F (Kuraray) a outro bloco identico de resina composta Z100 (3M ESPE) sobre constante carga de 750g. Os seis corpos-de-prova formados pela liga de titânio, cimento e resina composta foram seccionados e 30 amostras foram obtidas medindo 10x1x1mm, com área adesiva de 1mm2 ± 0.2mm2. As amostras foramdivididas em 2 grupos (n=15): G1 (grupo 1) – estocadas por 1 dia em água destilada a 37°C; G2 (Grupo 2) – termociclagem (2700 ciclos, 5°C – 55°C, tempo de cada banho: 30s). O teste de microtração foi realizado em máquina de teste universal (EMIC) com velocidade de 1,0 mm/min. Médias de resistência adesiva (MPa) e desvio padrão foram de 44,50±8,41 para G1 e 38,03±7,63 para G2. Os dados foram analisados pelo o teste t Student (p<0,05). O teste estatísticoindicou diferença estatisticamente significante entre G1 e G2 (t=2.206; gl=28; p=0.036). A resistência adesiva entre a liga de titânio e o cimento resinoso diminuiu após a termociclagem.

Effect of surface conditioning methods on the microtensile bond strength of resin composite to composite after aging conditions.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of two different surface conditioning methods on the repair bond strength of a bis-GMA-adduct/bis-EMA/TEGDMA based resin composite after three aging conditions. METHODS: Thirty-six composite resin blocks (Esthet X, Dentsply) were prepared (5 mm x 6 mm x 6 mm) and randomly assigned into three groups for aging process: (a) immersion in citric acid (pH 3.0 at 37 degrees C, 1 week) (CA); (b) boiling in water for 8h (BW) and (c) thermocycling (x5000, 5-55 degrees C, dwell time: 30s) (TC). After aging, the blocks were assigned to one of the following surface conditioning methods: (1) silica coating (30 microm SiO(x)) (CoJet, 3M ESPE)+silane (ESPE-Sil) (CJ), (2) phosphoric acid+adhesive resin (Single Bond, 3M ESPE) (PA). Resin composite (Esthet.X) was bonded to the conditioned substrates incrementally and light polymerized. The experimental groups formed were as follows: Gr1:CA+PA; Gr2:CA+CJ; Gr3:BW+PA; Gr4: BW+CJ; Gr5:TC+PA; Gr6: TC+CJ. The specimens were sectioned in two axes (x and y) with a diamond disc under coolant irrigation in order to obtain non-trimmed bar specimens (sticks, 10 mm x 1 mm x 1 mm) with 1 mm(2) of bonding area. The microtensile test was accomplished in a universal testing machine (crosshead speed: 0.5 mm min(-1)). RESULTS: The means and standard deviations of bond strength (MPa+/-S.D.) per group were as follows: Gr1: 25.5+/-10.3; Gr2: 46.3+/-10.1; Gr3: 21.7+/-7.1; Gr4: 52.3+/-15.1; Gr5: 16.1+/-5.1; Gr6, 49.6+/-13.5. The silica coated groups showed significantly higher mean bond values after all three aging conditions (p<0.0001) (two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, alpha=0.05). The interaction effect revealed significant influence of TC aging on both silica coated and acid etched groups compared to the other aging methods (p<0.032). Citric acid was the least aggressive aging medium. SIGNIFICANCE: Chairside silica coating and silanization provided higher resin-resin bond strength values compared to acid etching with phosphoric acid followed by adhesive resin applications. Thermocycling the composite substrates resulted in the lowest repair bond strength compared to citric acid challenge or boiling in water.

Avaliação do calor gerado durante o preparo do tecido ósseo utilizando-se brocas de diferentes sistemas de implantes / Evaluation of the temperature rise during the preparation on bone tissue with differents implant drill systems

Avaliou-se neste estudo, a temperatura gerada durante o preparo do tecido ósseo comparando-se brocas de três sistemas de implantes: Conexão, Nobel e 3i. As perfurações foram feitas em osso cortical de fêmur bovino, com brocas de 2,0 e 3,0mm de diâmetro, até a profundidade de 13mm, a uma velocidade de 1500 rpm com pressão intermitente de 2kg e sob constante irrigação de soro fisiológico 0,9% a temperatura ambiente (24 ±1o C). As amostras foram mantidas em água a 36±1o C durante as perfurações. As temperaturas foram medidas com termopares inseridos no osso a 1mm da perfuração, em profundidades de 5 e 13mm e registradas com o auxílio de um coletor de dados conectado a um computador. Os dados de temperatura foram analisados pelo teste RM ANOVA (3 fatores). A profundidade foi o fator repetido. As análises foram seguidas pelo teste de Tukey (5%). Os resultados indicaram que a melhor condição experimental foi obtida para a broca Conexão de diâmetro 2mm na profundidade de 5mm (36,10±0,52oC) e a condição menos favorável foi para a broca Nobel de diâmetro 2mm na profundidade de 13mm (38,84±1,15oC). Concluiu-se que os maiores valores de temperatura foram obtidos para a profundidade de 13mm, independentemente do tipo de broca. O aumento do diâmetro induziu uma diminuição da temperatura para as brocas 3i e Nobel e um aumento para as brocas Conexão. Nenhuma temperatura registrada excedeu o limite biológico.

Fotopolimerização das resinas compostas e implicação clínica / Polymerization of composites and clinical implication

A quantidade adequada de luz e o tempo determinado de irradiação são necessários para a conversão da resina. A polimerização da resina é acompanhada de contração do material. Várias técnicas têm sido desenvolvidas para minimizar o efeito do estresse gerado durante a polimerização, entre elas a ativação modulada, que favorece a integridade marginal das restaurações. Em contrapartida, o desenvolvimento de fotopolimerizadores que empregam alta intensidade de luz e curto tempo de irradiação têm sido lançados no mercado. Este estudo é uma revisão das técnicas e aparelhos de I polimerização, enfatizando o estresse de contração e a eficácia de conversão das resinas compostas

Effect of different finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness of microfilled, hybrid and packable composite resins.

This study examined the average surface roughness (Ra, microm) of 2 microfilled (Durafill and Perfection), 1 hybrid (Filtek Z250) and 2 packable composite resins (Surefil and Fill Magic), before (baseline) and after eight different finishing and polishing treatments. The surface roughness was assessed using a profilometer. Ten specimens of each composite resin were randomly subjected to one of the following finishing/polishing techniques: A -- carbide burs; B -- fine/extrafine diamond burs; C -- Sof-Lex aluminum oxide discs; D -- Super-Snap aluminum oxide discs; E -- rubber polishing points + fine/extrafine polishing pastes; F -- diamond burs + rubber polishing points + fine/extrafine polishing pastes; G -- diamond burs + Sof-Lex system; H -- diamond burs + Super-Snap system. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD test. Significant differences (p<0.05) were detected among both the resins and the finishing/polishing techniques. For all resins, the use of diamond burs resulted in the greatest surface roughness (Ra: 0.69 to 1.44 microm). The lowest Ra means were obtained for the specimens treated with Sof-Lex discs (Ra: 0.11 to 0.25 microm). The Ra values of Durafill were lower than those of Perfection and Filtek Z250, and these in turn had lower Ra than the packable composite resins. Overall, the smoothest surfaces were obtained with the use the complete sequence of Sof-Lex discs. In areas that could not be reached by the aluminum oxide discs, the carbide burs and the association between rubber points and polishing pastes produced satisfactory surface smoothness for the packable and hybrid composite resins, respectively.

Effect of different finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness of microfilled, hybrid and packable composite resins

Este estudo avaliou a rugosidade superficial (Ra, µm) de 2 resinas compostas microparticuladas (Durafill; Perfection), 1 híbrida (Filtek Z250) e 2 compactáveis (Surefil; Fill Magic), antes (baseline) e após a realização de 8 técnicas de acabamento e polimento. A rugosidade foi avaliada com rugosímetro. Dez espécimes de cada resina foram submetidos aos seguintes procedimentos: A - brocas cabide; B - pontas diamantadas fina/extrafina; C - sistema Sof-Lex; D - sistema Super-Snap; E - pontas de borracha + pastas de polimento; F - pontas diamantadas + pontas de borracha + pastas de polimento; G - pontas diamantadas + Sof-Lex; H - pontas diamantadas + Super-Snap. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância a dois critérios e teste de Tukey. Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0.05) tanto entre as resinas compostas quanto entre as técnicas de acabamento/polimento. Para todas as resinas, a maior rugosidade foi produzida com o emprego das pontas diamantadas (Ra: 0.69-1.44 µm). O menor valor de rugosidade foi obtido com o sistema Sof-Lex (Ra: 0.11- 0.25 µm). A Durafill apresentou melhor lisura que a Perfection e a Z250, que apresentaram melhor lisura que as resinas compactáveis. A seqüência completa de discos Sof-Lex produziu a melhor lisura para todas as resinas. Em áreas sem acesso aos discos, as pontas de borracha e pastas de polimento produziram lisura de superfície satisfatória para as resinas híbridas enquanto as brocas carbide produziram polimento adequado para as resinas compactáveis.

Prevalência de fratura dental coronária anterior em escolares de 6 a 18 anos da cidade de São José dos Campos - São Paulo / Prevalence of anterior dental trauma in 6 to 18 year-old children from São José dos Campos - São Paulo

O estudo de prevalência é um importante instrumento de diagnóstico e prevenção de patologias ou de acidentes ocorridos em uma determinada população. Neste contexto, levantou-se, epidemiologicamente, o quadro clínico de fraturas coronárias em dentes anteriores de 865 escolares de 6 a 18 anos, do município de São José dos Campos, SP, no período de agosto a outubro de 2001. Os dados foram tabulados em relação ao sexo, idade, tipo de fratura coronária, recobrimento labial e ocorrência ou não de tratamento. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente (teste Qui-Quadrado), sob nível de significância de 5%. Foram encontrados 90 casos de fraturas entre os sexos, o que representa 10,4% do total da amostra. Não houve diferença estatística na proporção de fraturas entre os sexos, sendo observada maior prevalência na faixa etária de 6 a 9 anos para o sexo feminino e de 7 a 10 anos para o sexo masculino. Os dentes mais acometidos foram os incisivos centrais superiores, isolados ou ambos os dentes. O tipo de fratura coronária mais comum foi o de esmalte e dentina. Verificou-se a importância de ações preventivas aos traumas em crianças pertencentes a específicas faixas etárias e condições clínicas predisponentes

Effect of caries preventive measures directed to expectant mothers on caries experience in their children.

The aim of this prospective study was to determine the effectiveness of caries preventive measures started during pregnancy on the caries experience of first-time mothers and their infants. Eighty-one pregnant women with low social background were selected on the basis of the presence of active carious lesions and were randomly divided into control (38) and experimental (43) groups. The initial dental status (DMFS and white spot lesions) was established through clinical examination. The prophylactic measures were repeated during pregnancy and 6 and 12 months after delivery. Both groups received primary care intervention. They were instructed in relation to the etiologic factors of dental caries and received oral hygiene kits. Oral hygiene instructions were reinforced through interactive brushing. The experimental group also received antimicrobial treatment (topical application of NaF and iodine solution immediately after prophylaxis and 3 and 5 days later) and restorative care using glass ionomer cement. By the time the children were 2 years of age, 33.3% of the infants in the control group and 14.7% in the experimental group had caries activity. A significant difference in caries prevalence was observed between children with and without visible dental plaque. The mean number of tooth surfaces with carious lesions (including areas of demineralization) was higher among the children in the control group compared to the experimental group (6.3 x 3.2), however, with no statistical significance. Maternal caries increase was a significant factor influencing the caries experience of the children. These data support the evidence of an association between caries prevalence in young children and clinical (dental plaque) and maternal factors.

Rugosidade superficial de resinas compostas / Composite surface roughness

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a rugosidade superficial de resinas compostas após imersão em meio ácido. Foram utilizadas 3 resinas compostas, divididas em 6 grupos de 10 amostras cada: G1 e G2-microparticulas (A110-3m), G3 e G4- híbridas(Z100 - 3M) e G5 e G6 - compactável (P60-3M). Os corpos-de-prova foram confeccionados a partir de uma matriz metálica cilíndrica (6mm x 3mm) onde o material foi inserido em 2 incrementos de 1,5mm de espessura. Cada extremidade do espécime foi coberta como uma matriz de poliéster (Mylar - Hawe - Neos Dental) e uma placa de vidro com 1,2 mm de espessura. As amostras foram armazenadas em água destilada a 37°C por 24 horas, e em seguida os grupos G2, G4 e G6 receberam polimento com seqüência de discos de óxido de alumínio (Soft-Lex- 3M). Foi realizada a leitura inicial de rugosidade superficial utilizando-se o rugosímetro a laser (Perthometer S8P - Perthen-Mahr). Cada corpo-de-prova recebeu 3 leituras, obtendo-se valores de rugosidade média (Ra). A seguir, os corpos-de-prova foram imersos em recepientes contendo 10ml de gel ácido (carboximetilcelulose 5 por cento; hidróxido de potássio - pH 4,5; ácido lático 0,1M) por 7 dias, e uma nova leitura rugosimétrica foi realizada. Os dados foram analisados através do teste de ANOVA e as diferenças comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). os valores iniciais em Ra foram: G1=0,24; G2=0,25; G3=0,20; G4=0,59; G5=0,15 e G6=0,32. Os valores finais em Ra foram; G1=0,23; G2=0,22; G3=0,20: G4=0,53; G5=0,20; e G6=0,35. Conclui-se que não houve influência na rugosidade superficial das resinas compostas após 7 dias de imersão em meio ácido, independente do polimento das mesmas

Tratamento não operatório da superfície oclusal de primeiros molares permanentes: controle de 18 meses / Non-operative treatment of occlusal surface of permanent first molars: 18 month control

Esta pesquisa avaliou a presença de cárie e de placa dentária na superficie oclusal de primeiros molares permanentes semi-irrompidos, comparando dois programas preventivos; a técnica modificada de escovação (Carvalho et al., 1989), associada a profilaxia profissional e a atividades educativo-preventivas em saúde bucal, e à técnica de selamento oclusal com selantes resinosos e inoméricos. Participaram da pesquisa 120 escolas da rede pública de Bauru - SP, com idade média de 5,4 anos. Inicialmente foi ministrada uma palestra às crianças e seus responsáveis sobre os fatores que determinam a cárie dentária e a importância da higiene oral. Em seguida, três grupos foram formados: Grupo 1 (60 crianças); participou de palestra de reforço em saúde bucal, ministrada às crianças aos seus responsáveis aos quais foi solicitado que realizassem a escovação naquelas pela técnica modificada duas vezes ao dia; Grupo 2 (26 crianças): o selamento oclusal foi realizado co selante resinoso Delton (Dentisply); Grupo 3 (34 crianças): utilizou-se cimento de ionômero de vidro Vidrion R (SS White). A avaliação foi realizada ao exame clínico inicial, aos 6 12 e 18 meses. Os resultados mostraram diminuição da quantidade de placa dentária à medida que os dentes entraram em oclusão; maior retenção dos selantes resinosos em comparação aos ionoméricos e número de lesões cariosas nos períodos de avaliação não estatísticamente significante entre os três grupos. Pode-se concluir que todos os métodos testados foram efetivos na prevenção da cárie dentária e que a cooperação dos responsáveis alcançada por meio das atividades educativo-preventivas foi fundamental no controle da placa e na prevenção da cárie dentária

Effect of caries preventive measures directed to expectant mothers on caries experience in their children

The aim of this prospective study was to determine the effectiveness of caries preventive measures started during pregnancy on the caries experience of first-time mothers and their infants. Eighty-one pregnant women with low social background were selected on the basis of the presence of active carious lesions and were randomly divided into control (38) and experimental (43) groups. The initial dental status (DMFS and white spot lesions) was established through clinical examination. The prophylactic measures were repeated during pregnancy and 6 and 12 months after delivery. Both groups received primary care intervention. They were instructed in relation to the etiologic factors of dental caries and received oral hygiene kits. Oral hygiene instructions were reinforced through interactive brushing. The experimental group also received antimicrobial treatment (topical application of NaF and iodine solution immediately after prophylaxis and 3 and 5 days later) and restorative care using glass ionomer cement. By the time the children were 2 years of age, 33.3 percent of the infants in the control group and 14.7 percent in the experimental group had caries activity. A significant difference in caries prevalence was observed between children with and without visible dental plaque. The mean number of tooth surfaces with carious lesions (including areas of demineralization) was higher among the children in the control group compared to the experimental group (6.3 x 3.2), however, with no statistical significance. Maternal caries increase was a significant factor influencing the caries experience of the children. These data support the evidence of an association between caries prevalence in young children and clinical (dental plaque) and maternal factors