ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Nowadays, in Italy, the nursing profession has suffered important changes in response to the needs of citizens' health and to improve the quality of the health service in the country. At the basis of this development there is an increase of the nurses' knowledge, competencies and responsibilities. Currently, the presence of nurses who have followed post-basic training paths, and the subsequent acquisition of advanced clinical knowledge and specializations, has made it essential for the presence of competencies mappings for each specialty, also to differentiate them from general care nurses. The objective is to get a mapping of nurse's individual competencies working in critical care, to analyze the context of the Parma Hospital and comparing it with the Lebanon Heart Hospital in Lebanon. METHOD: The survey has been done through a series of interviews involving some of the hospital staff, in order to collect opinions about the ICU nurses' competencies. RESULTS: What emerged from the data allowed us to get a list of important abilities, competencies, character traits and intensive care nurse activities. Italians and Lebanese nurses appear to be prepared from a technical point of view, with a desire for improvement through specializations, masters and enabling courses in advanced health maneuvers. By respondents nurses can seize a strong desire for professional improvement. CONCLUSIONS: At the end of our research we were able to draw a list of different individual competencies, behavioral and moral characteristics. The nurse figure has a high potential and large professional improvement prospects, if more taken into account by the health system.
Subject(s)
Clinical Competence , Critical Care Nursing , Qualitative Research , Humans , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The histone deacetylase inhibitor ITF2357 has potent cytotoxic activity in multiple myeloma in vitro and has entered clinical trials for this disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: In order to gain an overall view of the activity of ITF2357 and identify specific pathways that may be modulated by the drug, we performed gene expression profiling of the KMS18 multiple myeloma cell line treated with the drug. The modulation of several genes and their biological consequence were verified in a panel of multiple myeloma cell lines and cells freshly isolated from patients by using polymerase chain reaction analysis and western blotting. RESULTS: Out of 38,500 human genes, we identified 140 and 574 up-regulated genes and 102 and 556 down-modulated genes at 2 and 6 h, respectively, with a significant presence of genes related to transcription regulation at 2 h and to cell cycling and apoptosis at 6 h. Several of the identified genes are particularly relevant to the biology of multiple myeloma and it was confirmed that ITF2357 also modulated their encoded proteins in different multiple myeloma cell lines. In particular, ITF2357 down-modulated the interleukin-6 receptor alpha (CD126) transcript and protein in both cell lines and freshly isolated patients' cells, whereas it did not significantly modify interleukin-6 receptor beta (CD130) expression. The decrease in CD126 expression was accompanied by decreased signaling by interleukin-6 receptor, as measured by STAT3 phosphorylation in the presence and absence of inter-leukin-6. Finally, the drug significantly down-modulated the MIRHG1 transcript and its associated microRNA, miR-19a and miR-19b, known to have oncogenic activity in multiple myeloma. CONCLUSIONS: ITF2357 inhibits several signaling pathways involved in myeloma cell growth and survival.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Hydroxamic Acids/therapeutic use , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors , Cell Line, Tumor , Gene Expression Profiling , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Humans , Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects , Leukocytes, Mononuclear/pathology , MicroRNAs/genetics , Multiple Myeloma/genetics , Receptors, Interleukin-6/genetics , Signal Transduction/drug effectsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AIMS: Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSC) are considered good candidates for a growing spectrum of cell therapies. We have validated a protocol that makes use of the washouts of discarded collection sets, left over at the end of the filtration of bone marrow (BM) explants performed for hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation. METHODS: The method consists of direct plating of cells without density-gradient isolation followed by two detachment steps and expansion in 5% human platelet lysate (hPL). RESULTS: In a median of 26 days, 14 bags for adult patients and nine bags for pediatric patients for a standard dose of 1x10(6) hMSC/kg body weight could be prepared from the expansion of a fraction of the cells recovered from seven independent washouts. Moreover, 151 vials could be frozen from the remaining cells. The theoretical full expansion of all the frozen vials (validated by the expansion of two independent vials) could have allowed the production of 173 bags for adults and 348 bags for pediatric patients. CONCLUSIONS: The washouts of discarded bags and filters left over at the end of routine BM explants filtration are a very abundant source of hMSC precursors that can be easily utilized for clinical applications.