ABSTRACT
Introducción: Chlamydia trachomatis es una bacteria patógena comúnmente reportada como causante de infecciones del tracto urogenital. Materiales y métodos: Mediante este estudio se determinó la frecuencia de infección por C. trachomatis utilizando PCR en tiempo real en mujeres de edad fértil (18 45) que acudieron al laboratorio del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín. Para el estudio se colectaron 200 muestras de orina y se identificó el patógeno utilizando un kit comercial que identificó el plásmido críptico y al gen ompA presentes en la bacteria. Resultados: Se detectaron 3 muestras positivas que correspondieron al 1.5% de frecuencia. Los casos positivos se encontraron dentro de grupo de edad de 25 a 26 años. Discusión: Los resultados obtenidos en la presente investigación son comparables con estudios similares realizados en Latinoamérica con grupos de bajo riesgo.
Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is a pathogenic bacterium commonly reported as cause of infections of the urogenital tract. Methods: This study determined the frequency of C. trachomatis infection using real-time PCR. Two hundred urine samples from women in reproductive age were analyzed (range: 18 45 years old), which have attended at Carlos Andrade Marín Hospital. In order to test the samples, a commercial kit that identifies the criptic plasmid and the ompA gene from C. trachomatis was used. Results: From the 200 samples, three were positive that corresponed to a frequency of 1.5%. All positive cases were found within the group of 25 and 26 years old. Discussion: The results obtained in this research are comparable with similar studies obtained in several Latin American countries in low risk population
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Plasmids , Chlamydia trachomatis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Clinical Laboratory Services , Sexually Transmitted Diseases , Pregnant Women , GynecologyABSTRACT
Several aromatic and chlorinated volatile hydrocarbons (VOCs) were measured in Vitoria-Gasteiz City (Spain) throughout the years 1999 and 2002 in order to find out the concentration of these pollutants in urban air. These VOCs were retained in Tenax TA, subsequently desorpted by using a thermal desorption cold trap injector (TCT), and thereafter analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This analytical methodology permits the determination of 42 VOCs at very low concentrations, although only 32 of them were found in the urban air of the city (ranging from 205.51 to 0.01 microg m(-3)), with high reproducibility (%RSD lower than 10%). Twenty-four-hour samples were taken each sampling day to ascertain their total daily concentration, and rigorous quality controls were carried out to check the representativeness of sampling. Results of this exhaustive study show that toluene (T), xylenes (X), ethylbenzene (E), and benzene (B) were, respectively, the most abundant of these VOCs in the urban area during that period. The total concentration of BTEX represented, on average, more than 72.6% of the VOC total concentration, with the highest concentrations being reached in autumn, except for benzene and derived compounds (in winter). Benzene was the minority BTEX pollutant, its yearly mean concentration being less than the maximum established by the European Directive 2000/69/CE (5 microg m(-3)).
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/analysis , Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/analysis , Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/chemistry , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis , Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/chemistry , Cities , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Quality Control , Reproducibility of Results , Spain , VolatilizationABSTRACT
An analytical methodology using thermal-desorption cold trap (TCT) and GC-MS was developed for the determination of the insecticide fenitrothion and its main metabolites, 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol and fenitrooxon, in forestry atmospheres. The sampled atmosphere was pumped through a glass tube containing 100 mg of Tenax adsorbent at a flow rate of 50 ml min(-1). Adsorption/thermal desorption and breakthrough experiments were performed to test the ability to quantitatively trap the compounds. The detection limits of method for these compounds ranged between 1.6 and 2.1 ng m(-3). This methodology was developed to evaluate the persistence of fenitrothion in forest atmospheres after treatment. Spray application at 21.5 mg active ingredient m(-2) resulted in atmosphere levels of the insecticide of 78.3 ng m(-3) (after 2 h of application). Within 2-4 days following treatment, the presence of fenitrooxon fell to 50-55%. During this period residues of metabolites began to appear, disappearing 19 days later.
