ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the importance of the supervision of the essential patient safety actions (AESP) in the different Medical Units of the different levels of care in Mexico City. METHOD: The concern for quality in health care, understood as the safety of patients, is a fundamental aspect that involves the authorities and operational personnel. Supervisions were carried out in the different medical units of Mexico City. RESULTS: Positive correlations were observed between the implementation of the AESP and the number of damages, incidents, events and errors existing in the medical units. CONCLUSIONS: The supervision of the AESP program should be aimed at the prevention and management of risks in health care, recognizing the occurrence of adverse events as a reality resulting from a gradual work of a whole process of continuous improvement.
OBJETIVO: Determinar la importancia de la supervisión de las acciones esenciales de seguridad del paciente (AESP) en las diferentes unidades médicas de los distintos niveles de atención en la Ciudad de México. MÉTODO: La preocupación por la calidad en la atención de salud, entendida como la seguridad de los pacientes, es un aspecto fundamental que involucra a las autoridades y al personal operativo. Se realizaron supervisiones en las diferentes unidades médicas de la Ciudad de México. RESULTADOS: Se observaron correlaciones positivas entre la supervisión de las AESP y el número de daños, incidentes, eventos y errores existentes en las unidades médicas. CONCLUSIONES: La supervisión del programa de AESP debe estar destinado a la prevención y gestión de los riesgos en la atención de salud, reconociendo la ocurrencia de eventos adversos como una realidad producto de un trabajo paulatino de todo un proceso de mejora continua.
Subject(s)
Medical Errors , Patient Safety , Patient Safety/standards , Humans , Mexico , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Safety Management/organization & administration , Hospital Units/organization & administration , Hospital Units/standardsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the daily practice of pediatricians, physician-perceived reasons for unsatisfactory effects of treatment, and unmet needs in the management of acute pain and/or fever. METHODS: This was a multinational (n=13), multicenter, non interventional, cross-sectional study conducted in Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East in children under 16 years of age with fever (defined as a central body temperature ≥38°C) and/or acute pain (defined as pain lasting ≤6 weeks). Data were collected during a single visit using a structured physician-administered questionnaire and case report forms. RESULTS: A total of 2125 patients were recruited by 178 physicians between September 2010 and September 2011. From the 2117 analyzed patients, 1856 (87.7%) had fever, 705 (33.3%) had acute pain, and 446 (21.1%) had both. Of 1843 analyzed patients with fever, 1516 (82.3%) were previously prescribed a pharmacological treatment for the management of fever concomitantly with a non pharmacological approach, while 1817/1856 patients (97.9%) were currently receiving a prescribed pharmacological treatment for fever. Paracetamol/acetaminophen was the most commonly prescribed antipyretic medication during both previous (70.8%) and current (64.1%) consultations. With regard to acute pain management, 67.2% of the patients received previous and 93.9% received current treatment for pain. The most frequently prescribed analgesic during previous consultations was paracetamol/acetaminophen (53.7%), and the current most commonly prescribed analgesics were non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (55.2%). Treatment patterns for patients with both fever and acute pain were similar. Overall, 53.4% of the physicians reported poor treatment compliance as a reason for the unsatisfactory effect of the pain/fever treatment, and the most common unmet need was the availability of new drugs (according to 63.5% of the physicians). CONCLUSIONS: Adequate management of fever was observed; however, due to the complex etiology of pediatric pain, better evaluation and management of pain in pediatrics is necessary.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia occurs in 8% of pregnancies and generates 25% of perinatal deaths. Although its etiology is multifactorial, some metabolic alterations are associated with the endothelial dysfunction present in the disease, and its study could identify early markers of damage. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between plasma concentration of triglycerides in pregnant patients with hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy. METHODS: Prospective study that included 147 healthy pregnant women and 120 women with hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, Hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, BH, QS, serum electrolytes, serum nitrites and liver function tests were determined. RESULTS: A significant difference was found in the concentration of triglycerides between normotensive and patients with preeclampsia (261.22 ± 80.27 vs. 361.46 ± 135.17 mg/dl, p < 0.0008). In addition, a lower serum concentration of nitrites was observed in patients with preeclampsia, which helps explain vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between hypertriglyceridemia and the presence of diabetes mellitus II with the development of hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Hypertriglyceridemia/complications , Pre-Eclampsia/blood , Triglycerides/blood , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Cholesterol/blood , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Humans , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/blood , Lipoproteins, HDL/blood , Lipoproteins, LDL/blood , Nitric Oxide/blood , Pregnancy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia occurs in 8% of pregnancies and generates 25% of perinatal deaths. Although its etiology is multifactorial, some metabolic alterations are associated with the endothelial dysfunction present in the disease, and its study could identify early markers of damage. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between plasma concentration of triglycerides in pregnant patients with hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy. METHODS: Prospective study that included 147 healthy pregnant women and 120 women with hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, Hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, BH, QS, serum electrolytes, serum nitrites and liver function tests were determined. RESULTS: A significant difference was found in the concentration of triglycerides between normotensive and patients with preeclampsia (261.22 ± 80.27 vs. 361.46 ± 135.17 mg/dl, p < 0.0008). In addition, a lower serum concentration of nitrites was observed in patients with preeclampsia, which helps explain vasoconstriction. CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between hypertriglyceridemia and the presence of diabetes mellitus II with the development of hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy.
ANTECEDENTES: La preeclampsia se presenta en el 8% de los embarazos y genera el 25% de las muertes perinatales. Aunque su etiología es multifactorial, algunas alteraciones metabólicas se asocian a la disfunción endotelial presente en la enfermedad, y su estudio podría identificar marcadores tempranos de daño. OBJETIVO: Determinar la relación existente entre concentración plasmática de triglicéridos en las pacientes embarazadas con enfermedad hipertensiva inducida por el embarazo. MÉTODO: Estudio prospectivo que incluyó 147 pacientes gestantes sanas y 120 mujeres con enfermedad hipertensiva inducida por el embarazo y se determinaron colesterol total, lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), biometría hemática (BH), química sanguínea (QS), electrolitos séricos, nitritos séricos y pruebas de función hepática. RESULTADOS: Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la concentración de triglicéridos entre las pacientes normotensas y con preeclampsia (261.22 ± 80.27 vs. 361.46 ± 135.17 mg/dl; p < 0.0008). Además, se observó una menor concentración sérica de nitritos en las pacientes con preeclampsia, que contribuye a explicar la vasoconstricción. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró una asociación entre la hipertrigliceridemia y la presencia de DM II con el desarrollo de la enfermedad hipertensiva inducida por el embarazo.
Subject(s)
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/etiology , Hypertriglyceridemia/complications , Adult , Female , Humans , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/blood , Pre-Eclampsia/etiology , Pregnancy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Resumen Antecedentes: La preeclampsia se presenta en el 8% de los embarazos y genera el 25% de las muertes perinatales. Aunque su etiología es multifactorial, algunas alteraciones metabólicas se asocian a la disfunción endotelial presente en la enfermedad, y su estudio podría identificar marcadores tempranos de daño. Objetivo: Determinar la relación existente entre concentración plasmática de triglicéridos en las pacientes embarazadas con enfermedad hipertensiva inducida por el embarazo. Método: Estudio prospectivo que incluyó 147 pacientes gestantes sanas y 120 mujeres con enfermedad hipertensiva inducida por el embarazo y se determinaron colesterol total, lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL), lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL), hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c), biometría hemática (BH), química sanguínea (QS), electrolitos séricos, nitritos séricos y pruebas de función hepática. Resultados: Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la concentración de triglicéridos entre las pacientes normotensas y con preeclampsia (261.22 ± 80.27 vs. 361.46 ± 135.17 mg/dl; p < 0.0008). Además, se observó una menor concentración sérica de nitritos en las pacientes con preeclampsia, que contribuye a explicar la vasoconstricción. Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación entre la hipertrigliceridemia y la presencia de DM II con el desarrollo de la enfermedad hipertensiva inducida por el embarazo.
Abstract Background: Preeclampsia occurs in 8% of pregnancies and generates 25% of perinatal deaths. Although its etiology is multifactorial, some metabolic alterations are associated with the endothelial dysfunction present in the disease, and its study could identify early markers of damage. Objective: To determine the relationship between plasma concentration of triglycerides in pregnant patients with hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy. Methods: Prospective study that included 147 healthy pregnant women and 120 women with hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, Hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, BH, QS, serum electrolytes, serum nitrites and liver function tests were determined. Results: A significant difference was found in the concentration of triglycerides between normotensive and patients with preeclampsia (261.22 ± 80.27 vs. 361.46 ± 135.17 mg/dl, p < 0.0008). In addition, a lower serum concentration of nitrites was observed in patients with preeclampsia, which helps explain vasoconstriction. Conclusions: We found an association between hypertriglyceridemia and the presence of diabetes mellitus II with the development of hypertensive disease induced by pregnancy.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Hypertriglyceridemia/complications , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/etiology , Pre-Eclampsia/etiology , Prospective Studies , Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced/bloodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Clinical practice guidelines are tools that have been able to streamline decisions made in health issues and to decrease the gap between clinical action and scientific evidence. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to share the experience in the development and to update the guidelines by the National Health System of Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The methodology in the development of the guidelines consists of 5 phases: prioritisation, establishment of work groups, development by adoption of international guidelines of de novo, validation and integration in the Master catalogue of clinical practice guidelines for its dissemination. RESULTS: The Master catalogue of clinical practice guidelines contains 664 guidelines, distributed in 42% Internal Medicine, 22% Surgery, 24% Pediatrics and 12% Gynecology. From the total of guidelines coverage is granted at an 85% of the Universal catalogue of health services, an 84% of the Catastrophic expenses protection fund and a 61% of the XXI Century Medical Insurance of the National Commission of Social Protection in Health. DISCUSSION: The result is the sum of a great effort of coordination and cooperation between the institutions of the National Health System, political wills and a commitment of 3,477 health professionals that participate in guidelines' development and update. CONCLUSION: Master catalogue guidelines' integration, diffusion and implantation improve quality of attention and security of the users of the National Health System.
Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Mexico , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standardsSubject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Dipyrone/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Dipyrone/adverse effects , Dipyrone/pharmacology , Fever/drug therapy , Humans , Pain/drug therapySubject(s)
Humans , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Dipyrone/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Dipyrone/adverse effects , Dipyrone/pharmacology , Fever/drug therapy , Pain/drug therapyABSTRACT
Antecedentes: el dolor abdominal es una causa frecuente de consulta en los servicios de urgencias pediátricas. El objeto del estudio fue encontrar si existe un perfil clínico y paraclínico de los pacientes con dolor abdominal que sugiera si su patología requiere tratamiento quirúrgico o médico. Métodos: se realizó un trabajo observacional, prospectivo, de los pacientes que ingresaban al servicio de urgencias pediátricas con diagnóstico del dolor abdominal. Se comparon las variables clínicas, de laboratorio y gabinete de las alteraciones quirúrgicas y médicas mediante la prueba de la ji cuadrada, considerando a p significativa <0.005. Resultados: el 15 por ciento de 188 pacientes ingresaron por dolor abdominal. De ellos, 102 tenían alteración médica y 86 quirúrgica. Los diagnósticos más frecuentes fueron: apendicitis, dolor abdominal inespecífico, infección de vías urinarias y constipasión. En apoyo de la alteración quirúrgica fueron estadísticamente significativos (p<0.005) el signo de rebote, hiperestesia, resistencia muscular, leucocitosis con neutrofilia y borramiento del psoas. Para alteración médica lo fueron la constipación y los síntomas urinarios. Conclusiones: los pacientes con rebote, hiperestesia, resistencia muscular, leucocitosis con neutrofilia y borramiento del psoas, probablemente presentan alteración abdominal "quirúrgica". Como estos datos no existen en todos los enfermos, si existe duda en el diagnóstico, conviene la vigilancia constante
