Clinical Outcomes of Patients With B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Real-World Settings: Findings From the Hemato-Oncology Latin America Observational Registry Study.

PURPOSE: Real-world evidence on non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) management in Latin America is currently lacking. The objective of this study was to describe treatment characteristics and outcomes of NHL in Latin America. METHODS: A total of 2,967 patients with NHL with aggressive and indolent subtypes, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL), and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, with incident or prevalent diagnosis between 2006 and 2015, were retrospectively identified using clinical charts registered in the Hemato-Oncology Latin America Observational Registry. Associations between treatment regimen and age at diagnosis with clinical outcomes within each subtype were estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS: Most patients with NHL received 1L chemoimmunotherapy, most commonly cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) with/without rituximab. Five-year survival rates were higher for MALT lymphoma (90.8%) and FL (87.6%) versus DLBCL (69.0%) and MCL (57.1%), with variations between countries. The median overall survival from first relapse for patients with DLBCL was 6.6 years, with lower risk of death for those diagnosed at age < 65 years (hazard ratio = 0.732; P = .0161). Patients achieved a longer median progression-free survival with 1L rituximab-CHOP (R-CHOP) versus CHOP or rituximab, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (RCVP) (7.7 v 3.0 or 1.8 years, respectively). Use of regimens other than R-CHOP was associated with a higher risk of death/progression for patients with DLBCL (rituximab, ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide/ifosfamide, carboplatin, and etoposide) and FL (CHOP). There was no relationship between treatment prescribed and age at diagnosis with outcomes from first/second relapse in DLBCL and FL. CONCLUSION: Differences in treatment outcomes between NHL subtypes were observed, reflecting variations in NHL management and barriers to treatment access in Latin America. These data provide necessary evidence to understand NHL management in this region and highlight the need to improve treatment outcomes for these patients.

Diagnostic concordance of pathological methods and reports of hematopathologists compared to local nonspecialized pathologists in the diagnosis of lymphoma in Mexico.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the concordance between lymphoma diagnoses made via tissue biopsy by local pathologists and also to assess the after review of these specimens by more specialized hematopathologists. METHODS: A prospective, non-interventional and multicenter study was conducted at seven sites in Mexico from January 2017 to October 2017. Eligible biopsies were sampled from patients with a previous diagnosis of lymphoma on lymph node biopsy or a diagnosis of extranodal lymphoma, with adequate amount and tissue preservation for the review analysis. The biopsy tissues reviewed by local pathologists were also reviewed by hematopathologists participating in the study. The concordance in diagnosis results was classified into three categories: diagnostic agreement, minor discrepancy and major discrepancy. RESULTS: Out of 111 samples received, 105 samples met the eligibility criteria and were included for full analysis. The median patient age (range) was 54 (16-94) years. A diagnostic agreement was observed in 23 (21.9%) biopsies, minor discrepancies were observed in 32 (30.5%) biopsies and major discrepancies were observed in 50 (47.6%) biopsies. Diagnostic concordance varied across the seven study sites; the rate of major discrepancies ranged from 0% to 100% and the rate of diagnostic agreement ranged from 0% to 81.8%. Out of the 105 reviewed biopsies, a total of 89 cases were diagnosed as lymphoma by hematopathologists. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that major discrepancies were observed following the review by hematopathologists compared with that of the local pathologist's initial diagnosis in nearly one-half cases. In addition, there was a wide variation in the percentage of diagnostic agreements and discrepancies among different study sites.

Real-world analysis of treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed chronic lymphocytic leukemia from seven Latin American countries.

OBJECTIVE: To describe chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment patterns and patient outcomes in Latin America. METHODS: This chart review study (NCT02559583; 2008-2015)evaluated time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) outcomes among patients with CLL who initiate done (n = 261) to two (n = 96) lines of therapy (LOT) since diagnosis. Differences in TTP and OS were assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis, with a log-rank test for statistical significance. Association between therapeutic regimen and risk for disease progression or death was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression. RESULTS: The most commonly prescribed therapies in both LOTs were chlorambucil-, followed by fludarabine- and cyclophosphamide (C)/CHOP-based therapies. Chlorambucil- and C/CHOP-based therapies were largely prescribed to elderly patients (≥65 years) while fludarabine-based therapy was predominantly used by younger patients (≤65 years). In LOT1, relative to chlorambucil-administered patients, those prescribed fludarabine-based therapies had lower risk of disease progression (hazard ratio [HR] and 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.32 [0.19-0.54]), whereas C/CHOP-prescribed patients had higher risk (HR 95%CI 1.88 [1.17-3.04]). Similar results were observed in LOT2. There was no difference in OS between treatments in both LOTs. DISCUSSION: Novel therapies such as kinase inhibitors were rarely prescribed in LOT1 or LOT2in Latin America. The greater TTP observed forfludarabine-based therapies could be attributed to the fact that fludarabine-based therapies are predominantly administered to young and healthy patients. CONCLUSION: Chlorambucil-based therapy, which has limited benefits, is frequently prescribed in Latin America. Prescribing novel agents for fludarabine-based therapy-ineligible patients with CLL is the need of the hour. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02559583.

Multiple myeloma treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in the Latin America Haemato-Oncology (HOLA) Observational Study, 2008-2016.

Limited data are available regarding contemporary multiple myeloma (MM) treatment practices in Latin America. In this retrospective cohort study, medical records were reviewed for a multinational cohort of 1103 Latin American MM patients (median age, 61 years) diagnosed in 2008-2015 who initiated first-line therapy (LOT1). Of these patients, 33·9% underwent autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). During follow-up, 501 (45·4%) and 129 (11·7%) patients initiated second- (LOT2) and third-line therapy (LOT3), respectively. In the LOT1 setting, from 2008 to 2015, there was a decrease in the use of thalidomide-based therapy, from 66·7% to 42·6%, and chemotherapy from, 20·2% to 5·9%, whereas use of bortezomib-based therapy or bortezomib + thalidomide increased from 10·7% to 45·5%. Bortezomib-based therapy and bortezomib + thalidomide were more commonly used in ASCT patients and in private clinics. In non-ASCT and ASCT patients, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 15·0 and 31·1 months following LOT1 and 10·9 and 9·5 months following LOT2, respectively. PFS was generally longer in patients treated with bortezomib-based or thalidomide-based therapy versus chemotherapy. These data shed light on recent trends in the management of MM in Latin America. Slower uptake of newer therapies in public clinics and poor PFS among patients with relapsed MM point to areas of unmet therapeutic need in Latin America.

Epidemiology of Hematologic Malignancies in Real-World Settings: Findings From the Hemato-Oncology Latin America Observational Registry Study.

PURPOSE: Limited information is available on multiple myeloma (MM), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) management in Latin America. The primary objective of the Hemato-Oncology Latin America (HOLA) study was to describe patient characteristics and treatment patterns of Latin American patients with MM, CLL, and NHL. METHODS: This study was a multicenter, retrospective, medical chart review of patients with MM, CLL, and NHL in Latin America identified between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2015. Included were adults with at least 1 year of follow-up (except in cases of death within 1 year of diagnosis) treated at 30 oncology hospitals (Argentina, 5; Brazil, 9; Chile, 1; Colombia, 5; Mexico, 6; Panama/Guatemala, 4). RESULTS: Of 5,140 patients, 2,967 (57.7%) had NHL, 1,518 (29.5%) MM, and 655 (12.7%) CLL. Median follow-up was 2.2 years for MM, 3.0 years for CLL, and 2.2 years for NHL, and approximately 26% died during the study observation period. Most patients had at least one comorbidity at diagnosis. The most frequent induction regimen was thalidomide-based chemotherapy for MM and chlorambucil with or without prednisone for CLL. Most patients with NHL had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; 49.1%) or follicular lymphoma (FL; 19.5%). The majority of patients with DLBCL or FL received rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. CONCLUSION: The HOLA study generated an unprecedented level of high-quality, real-world evidence on characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with hematologic malignancies. Regional disparities in patient characteristics may reflect differences in ethnoracial identity and level of access to care. These data provide needed real-world evidence to understand the disease landscape in Latin America and may be used to inform clinical and health policy decision making.

Síndromes mieloproliferativos crónicos y embarazo: revisión de casos de pacientes del Departamento de Clínica Hematológica / Chronic myeloproliferative syndromes and pregnancy: a case review of Clinical Hematological Department patients

El manejo convencional de los síndromes mieloproliferativos crónicos (SMP) es un problema cuya frecuencia se ha incrementado. Los datos existentes en la literatura provienen principalmente de series de casos. Esta serie reporta la evolución y el tratamiento de 9 embarazos en 7 pacientes con SMP, 4 con diagnóstico de leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC) y 3 con trombocitemia esencial (TE) asistidos en nuestro Departamento durante los últimos 20 años. La evolución del primer embarazo incluyó: nacido vivo a término 29 por ciento, aborto espontáneo 14 por ciento, nacido vivo pretérmino 29 por ciento y desconocida 14 por ciento. Un embarazo está en curso (14 por ciento). No se registraron muertes fetales. Las complicaciones maternas fueron: sangrado en una paciente con LMC y desprendimiento placentario en otro caso con TE. La segunda gestación resultó en un nacido vivo pretérmino (N=1) y otra está en curso. Todas las pacientes con TE recibieron interferón alta y aspirina durante el embarazo y profilaxis con enoxaparina durante el puerperio. Las pacientes con LMC recibieron: interferón alfa (N=1), hidroxiurea luego del primer trimestre e interferón alfa (N= 1) e imatinib durante el primer trimestre y nilotinib en el tercero la tercer paciente, dando a luz un feto vivo normal. Un mayor número de casos sería necesario para establecer factores pronósticos en este grupo de pacientes.

Chronic myeloproliferative syndromes and pregnancy. A case review of Clinical Hematological Department patients. The management of pregnancy in chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMPD) is an increasingly frequent problem. Available data in the literature belong to case reports or single centers series. In the current study we report the outcome and treatment of 9 pregnancies among 7 patients with CMPD, 4 with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 3 with essential thrombocythemia (ET) seen in our Department from 1989 to 2009. First pregnancy outcome included full term normal delivery 29 per cent, spontaneous abortion 14 per cent, premature delivery 29 per cent and unknown 14 per cent. No stillbirth was recorded and one pregnancy is currently ongoing. Maternal complications included: bleeding in one CML patient and abruptio placentae in a TE patient. Among second pregnancies, 1 is ongoing and the other resulted in premature delivery. AII TE patients received alpha interferon and aspirin during pregnancy. Prophylaxis with enoxaparin was administered for six weeks postpartum. CML patient were treated as follows: alpha interferon (N=1), hydroxyurea after first trimester plus alpha interferon (N=1). The remaining patient received imatinib and nilotinib giving birth to a normal baby. Further study is necessary to evaluate prognostic factors in these patients.

Leucemia mieloide crónica: mecanismos genéticos de resistencia al mesilato de Imatinib (STI571) / Chronic myeloid leukemia genetic mechanisms of Imatinib resistance

La resistencia al tratamiento con Imatinib resulta de mecanismos dependientes del BCR/ABL tales como la sobreexpresión y la adquisición de mutaciones de punto en sitios críticos del dominio kinasa de ABL o de diferentes mecanismos independientes, como la evolución clonal. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar las mutaciones del dominio kinasa del gen ABL y la amplificación del reordenamiento genómico BCR/ABL en pacientes con LMC con falta o pérdida de respuesta hematológica y/o citogenética al tratamiento con Imatinib. Se incluyeron 71 pacientes, de los cuales 56 fueron evaluables. En trece pacientes (24 por ciento) se identificó algún mecanismo de resistencia: 10 (18 por ciento) presentaron mutaciones de punto en el dominio kinasa, 3 (5 por ciento) duplicación del cromosoma Ph' y sólo 1 (1 por ciento) mostró amplificación del BCR/ABL. La mutación T315I se observó en 1 caso. La mediana de edad fue significativamente menor [39 años (20-53)] en los pacientes en los que se encontraron mutaciones que en los casos sin ellas [51 años (24-75)] p=0.047. Se detectaron mutaciones en 1 de 29 (3 por ciento) pacientes en fase crónica, 8 de 20 (40 por ciento) pacientes en fase acelerada y en 1 de 8 (12 por ciento) pacientes en crisis blástica (p=0.001). La mediana de aparición de las mismas fue de 45 meses desde el diagnóstico de LMC (12-158) y 28.5 meses (1-56) desde el inicio de la terapia con Imatinib (p=0.591 y p=0.762 respectivamente). Las mutaciones en la región p-loop fueron las más frecuentes. El análisis univariado demostró que edad y fase de la enfermedad se asociaron significativamente con presencia de mutaciones. Las mutaciones en el dominio kinasa se reconocen como el principal mecanismo de resistencia al tratamiento con Imatinib y su detección puede determinar un cambio en la estrategia terapéutica.