Do Mesocarnivores Respond to the Seasonality in Management Practices in an Agroforestry Landscape?

In the Mediterranean, we find a mosaic of natural and cultural landscapes, where a variety of forest management practices created intermediate disturbance regimes that potentially increased biodiversity values. Nonetheless, it is essential to understand the species' long-term response to the dynamic management in agroecosystems, since the species tolerance to disturbance can change throughout the life cycle. Mammalian carnivores can be sensitive to human disturbance and are an essential part of ecosystems due to their regulatory and community structuring effects. We investigated the spatial response of five mesocarnivores species to spatially- and temporally- varying management practices in an agroforestry landscape. More specifically, we assessed the mesocarnivores' temporal changes in space use by implementing multi-season occupancy models in a Bayesian framework, using seasonal camera-trapping surveys for a 2-year period. All species had a weak response of local extinction to forestry management and livestock grazing pressure. For forest-dwelling species, occupancy was higher where productivity of perennial vegetation was high, while colonization between seasons was positively associated with vegetation cover. For habitat generalist species, we found that occupancy in the wet season increased with the distance to cattle exclusion plots. Most of these plots are pine stands which are subject to forestry interventions during winter. During the 2-year period we found seasonal fluctuations in occupancy for all species, with an overall slight decrease for three mesocarnivore species, while for the two forest-dwelling species there was an increase in occupancy between years. The weak species response to management practices supports the importance of traditional management for upholding a diverse mesocarnivore community in agroforestry systems but could also reflect these species' ecological plasticity and resilience to disturbance.

Assessment of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Use Among Professional CrossFit® Athletes: Motives, Perception, and Safety.

BACKGROUND: Anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are traditionally used for the treatment/control of various diseases; however, they are being used for non-therapeutic and indiscriminate purposes to enhance sports performance and physical appearance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of AAS use among professional CrossFit® competitors. METHODS: We conducted an observational cross-sectional survey in which an anonymous questionnaire was applied to professional CrossFit® athletes. RESULTS: The prevalence of AAS usage was 33.3%. Most users were male (74.2%), aged between 30 and 39 years (51.6%), with completed higher education (83.9%), and had been training for more than 5 years (77.4%); the primary motivation for AAS use was performance enhancement (77.4%). Individuals who were older (p < 0.05) and more experienced in competitions (p < 0.01) are more likely to use AAS. Testosterone was the most employed AAS (71.0%); CrossFit® athletes typically used an average of 2 different AAS. The majority of users had notably sought advice from a physician (74.2%), and AAS were acquired from either drugstores (80.6%) or through illicit channels (29.0%). Moreover, 61.3% of AAS users reported experiencing adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated a higher prevalence of AAS users among professional competitors in CrossFit® compared to the general population; older age and greater experience in official competitions were decisive factors for a greater inclination toward AAS use. A significant percentage of athletes seek drugs through illegal channels. Despite the majority of users experiencing adverse effects, athletes report satisfaction with use, believing that the benefits still outweigh the drawbacks.

Dose-response and efficacy of 904 nm photobiomodulation on diabetic foot ulcers healing: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the impact of a 904 nm photobiomodulation (PBM) on diabetic ulcers using varying dosages. METHODS: The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial that compared treatments using PBM (GaAs 904 nm 30w) with three different energy densities (4 J/cm2; 8 J/cm2; 10 J/cm2) in the healing process of non-infected diabetic foot ulcers. Eighty volunteers (48.75% female; 58.5 ± 11.1 years) were randomized into three intervention groups treated with PBM and one control group (PBM placebo). Volunteers performed up 20 interventions with PBM, either placebo or actual, in conjunction with conventional therapy, which involved dressing the wound with Helianthus annuus vegetable oil. The primary variable was the ulcer size reduction rate. RESULTS: GaAs 904 nm PBM yielded a clinically and significant ulcer size rate reduction of diabetic foot ulcers, independently of energy density range (p < 0.05). However, 10 J/cm² had 60% of completely healed ulcers and the highest proportion of patients reaching 50% of ulcer reduction rate after 5 weeks of treatment. In addition, only 10 J/cm² showed a significant difference between control group after a 10-week follow-up (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: GaAs 904 nm PBM was effective in treating diabetic foot ulcers in this study and a dosage of 10 J/cm², after a 10-week follow-up, proved to be the most effective compared to the other groups. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04246814.

Bisifusarium lunatum causing cladode soft rot in pear cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera L. Salm-Dyck) in Brazil.

Cactus pear var. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera L. Salm-Dyck) is an important crop for the Northeast region of Brazil, composing one of the main sources of animal feed. By April 2021, cladode rot caused death of several cactus pear plants in a production area located in Itaporanga, Paraíba state, Brazil (7°21'55.35" S and 38°11'38.68" W). The infected cladodes showed brown circular necrotic spots, and soft rot with perforations that extended throughout the cladode, followed by tipping over and death of the infected plants. The incidence of the disease ranged from 10 to 30% of the plants. Bisifusarium strains were isolated and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and syntetic-nutrient-poor-agar (SNA). The colonies showed purple color on PDA. On SNA, macroconidia (n = 100) were abundant, hyaline, slightly falcate, three-septate, measuring 11.0-23.1 x 2.3-4.1 µm. Microconidia (n = 100) were oval, generally aseptate, measuring 4.1-8.7 x 2.3-3.0 µm. Conidiogenic cells formed into short monophialides. Chlamydospores were not observed. According to these morphological features, the pathogen was initially identified as Bisifusarium lunatum (Gryzenhoutm et al. 2017). For further confirmation of the identification, the partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) genes were sequenced for a representative isolate (CMA 34: GenBank accession no: TEF1-α: OR536502; and RPB2: OR553509) and compared to other Bisifusarium species from GenBank database. Subsequently, it was subjected to a phylogenetic analysis of maximum likelihood including previously published sequences. According to BLAST searches, the TEF1-α and RPB2 sequences were 99% (637/640 nt) and 100% (312/312 nt) similar to B. lunatum (COUFAL0213: TEF1-α (MK640219), and RPB2 (MK301291)), respectively. The isolate was also clustered in a clade containing the ex-type of B. lunatum with 100% support (SH-aLRT and UFboot), being confidently assigned to this species. The pathogenicity test was performed after Medeiros et al. (2015), by using healthy two months old cactus pear seedlings (n = 10) cultivated in a greenhouse. Sterile toothpicks were distributed over colonies of the representative isolate grown on PDA at 25 ± 2 °C for seven days. Seedling cladodes were stuck with the toothpicks, moistened with sterile water and covered with transparent plastic bags for 24h, thus simulating a humid chamber. Following three months, all control plants (stuck with sterile toothpicks) remained healthy, while those inoculated with the representative isolate exhibited rot symptoms. This test was performed twice. B. lunatum was reisolated from symptomatic cladodes and identified as previously described, thus fulfilling the Koch's postulates. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of B. lunatum causing soft rot on N. cochenillifera in Brazil. Besides N. cochenillifera, this species was also reported on Opuntia ficus-indica in India (Gryzenhoutm et al., 2017), which raises concern regarding its ability to infect other forage sources for cattle feed in Brazilian semiarid regions. The present study highlights that the precise identification of B. lunatum is a key factor to adjust control strategies and management of the disease to prevent the spread of this disease to prevent its spread to other crops.

Accuracy of surgeons for predicting radiological sarcopenia in colorectal cancer surgery.

BACKGROUND: This study explored the performance of surgeons for predicting radiological sarcopenia as accessed by psoas cross-sectional area in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out and a diagnostic accuracy strategy was applied using the radiologist team assessment as gold standard. RESULTS: Cohort analysis of 45 consecutive patients found that 31.1% had sarcopenia. Correlation of Total Psoas Index between radiologists and surgeons was very strong for the Junior and strong for the Senior surgeon, with a strong correlation between the surgeons. By the simplistic criterion, agreement between radiologists and surgeons was substantial for both the Junior and Senior surgeons, with a moderate level between the surgeons. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of Junior surgeon were 92.9%, 83.9%, 72.2%, 96.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. The corresponding results for the Senior surgeon were 78.6%, 90.3%, 78.6%, 90.3%, and 86.7%, respectively. We found no major differences on agreement levels and performance of surgeons using the composite criterion. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeons seem to be accurate for identifying radiological sarcopenia in patients with CRC. The simplistic criterion should be preferred since a composite criterion adds complexity without increasing accuracy or agreement levels.

Evaluating the User Experience of a Smartphone-Delivered Sexual Health Promotion Program for Older Adults in the Netherlands: Single-Arm Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Sexual health is an important component of quality of life in older adults. However, older adults often face barriers to attaining a fulfilling sexual life because of issues such as stigma, lack of information, or difficult access to adequate support. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate the user experience of a self-guided, smartphone-delivered program to promote sexual health among older adults. METHODS: The mobile app was made available to community-dwelling older adults in the Netherlands, who freely used the app for 8 weeks. User experience and its respective components were assessed using self-developed questionnaires, the System Usability Scale, and semistructured interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were descriptively and thematically analyzed, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 15 participants (mean age 71.7, SD 9.5 years) completed the trial. Participants showed a neutral to positive stance regarding the mobile app's usefulness and ease of use. Usability was assessed as "Ok/Fair." The participants felt confident about using the mobile app. To increase user experience, participants offered suggestions to improve content and interaction, including access to specialized sexual health services. CONCLUSIONS: The sexual health promotion program delivered through a smartphone in a self-guided mode was usable. Participants' perception is that improvements to user experience, namely in content and interaction, as well as connection to external services, will likely improve usefulness and acceptance.

Elastic Liposomes Containing Calcium/Magnesium Ferrite Nanoparticles Coupled with Gold Nanorods for Application in Photothermal Therapy.

This work reports on the design, development, and characterization of novel magneto-plasmonic elastic liposomes (MPELs) of DPPC:SP80 (85:15) containing Mg0.75Ca0.25Fe2O4 nanoparticles coupled with gold nanorods, for topical application of photothermal therapy (PTT). Both magnetic and plasmonic components were characterized regarding their structural, morphological, magnetic and photothermal properties. The magnetic nanoparticles display a cubic shape and a size (major axis) of 37 ± 3 nm, while the longitudinal and transverse sizes of the nanorods are 46 ± 7 nm and 12 ± 1.6 nm, respectively. A new methodology was employed to couple the magnetic and plasmonic nanostructures, using cysteine as bridge. The potential for photothermia was evaluated for the magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanorods and the coupled magnetic/plasmonic nanoparticles, which demonstrated a maximum temperature variation of 28.9 °C, 33.6 °C and 37.2 °C, respectively, during a 30 min NIR-laser irradiation of 1 mg/mL dispersions. Using fluorescence anisotropy studies, a phase transition temperature (Tm) of 35 °C was estimated for MPELs, which ensures an enhanced fluidity crucial for effective crossing of the skin layers. The photothermal potential of this novel nanostructure corresponds to a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 616.9 W/g and a maximum temperature increase of 33.5 °C. These findings point to the development of thermoelastic nanocarriers with suitable features to act as photothermal hyperthermia agents.

Characterization of Azorean Plant Leaves for Sustainable Valorization and Future Advanced Applications in the Food, Cosmetic, and Pharmaceutical Industries.

The historical use of plants as sources of natural compounds has persisted over time. Increasing the intake of bioactive substances shows significant potential for promoting overall well-being and health. This study delves into the pigments, phenolic composition, and profile, along with antioxidant properties, of leaf extracts rich in bioactives from plants in the Azores region, contributing to sustainable primary food production. Analyses encompassed chlorophylls, carotenoids, total phenols, ortho-diphenols, and flavonoids, as well as antioxidant capacity assessment, polyphenolic profiling, and quantification. Psidium guajava L. and Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H.Rob. exhibited elevated chlorophyll content, while Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott displayed the highest carotenoid levels. Annona cherimola Mill., Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl, and Psidium guajava L. demonstrated pronounced total phenols, ortho-diphenols, and flavonoids. These findings align with heightened antioxidant capacity. HPLC-DAD (high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection) characterization unveiled elevated hydroxycinnamic acids in E. japonica and Ipomea batatas (L.) Lam. compared to A. cherimola Mill., while C. esculenta exhibited increased flavone content. Among the quantified compounds, flavonols were the ones that predominantly demonstrated contribution to the antioxidant capacity of these leaves. This research highlights Azorean leaf plants' antioxidant potential, fostering natural product development for better health.

It was not possible to detect BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell-free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma: A diagnostic accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma-based liquid biopsy for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell-free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma. METHODS: This is a prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted based on the Standards for Reporting Diagnostic Accuracy recommendations. The index test was the plasma-based liquid biopsy, whereas the reference standard was the conventional tissue biopsy. The target condition was the detection of BRAF V600E mutation. The study population consisted of individuals with ameloblastoma recruited from three tertiary hospitals from Brazil. A negative control group composed of three individuals with confirmed wild-type BRAF lesions were included. The participants underwent plasma circulating cell-free DNA and tumor tissue DNA isolation, and both were submitted to using competitive allele-specific TaqMan™ real-time polymerase chain reaction technology mutation detection assays. Sensitivity and specificity measures and positive and negative predictive values were calculated. RESULTS: Twelve patients with conventional ameloblastoma were included. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 11/12 (91.66%) ameloblastoma tissue samples. However, the mutation was not detected in any of the plasma-based liquid biopsy circulating cell-free DNA samples in both ameloblastomas and negative control group. The sensitivity and specificity of plasma-based liquid biopsy for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating cell-free DNA was 0.0 and 1.0, respectively. The agreement between index test and reference standard results was 26.66%. CONCLUSION: Plasma-based liquid biopsy does not seem to be an accurate method for the detection of the BRAF V600E mutation in circulating circulating cell-free DNA from patients with ameloblastoma, regardless of tumor size, anatomic location, recurrence status, and other clinicopathological features.

Antiviral Action against SARS-CoV-2 of a Synthetic Peptide Based on a Novel Defensin Present in the Transcriptome of the Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra).

The potential emergence of zoonotic diseases has raised significant concerns, particularly in light of the recent pandemic, emphasizing the urgent need for scientific preparedness. The bioprospection and characterization of new molecules are strategically relevant to the research and development of innovative drugs for viral and bacterial treatment and disease management. Amphibian species possess a diverse array of compounds, including antimicrobial peptides. This study identified the first bioactive peptide from Salamandra salamandra in a transcriptome analysis. The synthetic peptide sequence, which belongs to the defensin family, was characterized through MALDI TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Molecular docking assays hypothesized the interaction between the identified peptide and the active binding site of the spike WT RBD/hACE2 complex. Although additional studies are required, the preliminary evaluation of the antiviral potential of synthetic SS-I was conducted through an in vitro cell-based SARS-CoV-2 infection assay. Additionally, the cytotoxic and hemolytic effects of the synthesized peptide were assessed. These preliminary findings highlighted the potential of SS-I as a chemical scaffold for drug development against COVID-19, hindering viral infection. The peptide demonstrated hemolytic activity while not exhibiting cytotoxicity at the antiviral concentration.

Convergent construct validity of the Brazilian version of the Houghton scale.

BACKGROUND: After lower limb amputations, a decrease in gait capacity, even with prostheses, is common and persistent. Functional ability involves multiple constructs; therefore, several outcome measures, such as performance tests or self-report questionnaires, should be used to evaluate people with amputation who use prostheses. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the convergent construct validity of the Brazilian version of the Houghton scale in a sample of lower limb prosthesis users. METHODS: Volunteers selected were older than 18 years with any level of lower limb amputation and prosthesis use for at least 6 months. In this study, evidence of construct validity of the Houghton scale was established by the Spearman rho correlation with the Brazilian translation of the Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility and with the Physical Function (PF) and Emotional Well-being subdomains of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Short Form Health Survey. RESULTS: Seventy-one volunteers were recruited for the study. The sample consisted mainly of men (70.4%) with a mean age of 50 ± 12 years. The primary cause of amputation was traumatic (53.5%), and most participants (54.9%) had a transtibial amputation. The Houghton questionnaire correlated strongly with the Brazilian translation of the Prosthetic Limb Users Survey of Mobility questionnaire (rho: 0.74, p < 0.01) and weakly with the PF and Emotional Well-being of the 36-Short Form Health Survey (rho: 0.06 and rho: 0.22, respectively, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study showed evidence of convergent construct validity of the Houghton questionnaire to measure and classify functional use of lower limb prostheses, with great value to clinical practice. Additional work is needed to assess other measurement properties in different samples.

Influence of Dead Cells Killed by Industrial Biocides (BAC and DBNPA) on Biofilm Formation.

Industrial biocides aim to keep water systems microbiologically controlled and to minimize biofouling. However, the resulting dead cells are usually not removed from the water streams and can influence the growth of the remaining live cells in planktonic and sessile states. This study aims to understand the effect of dead Pseudomonas fluorescens cells killed by industrial biocides-benzalkonium chloride (BAC) and 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)-on biofilm formation. Additionally, the effect of different dead/live cell ratios (50.00% and 99.99%) was studied. The inoculum was recirculated in a Parallel Plate Flow Cell (PPFC). The overall results indicate that dead cells greatly affect biofilm properties. Inoculum with DBNPA-dead cells led to more active (higher ATP content and metabolic activity) and thicker biofilm layers in comparison to BAC-dead cells, which seems to be linked to the mechanism of action by which the cells were killed. Furthermore, higher dead cell ratios (99.99%) in the inoculum led to more active (higher culturability, metabolic activity and ATP content) and cohesive/compact and uniformly distributed biofilms in comparison with the 50.00% dead cell ratio. The design of future disinfection strategies must consider the contribution of dead cells to the biofilm build-up, as they might negatively affect water system operations.

Radiation Therapy Skin Marking with Lancets Versus Electric Marking Pen (COMFORTATTOO)-6 Months Results on Cosmesis, Fading, and Patients' Satisfaction From a Randomized, Double-Blind Trial.

Purpose: Most of radiation oncology centers rely on set-up skin markings for patient setup during treatment delivery. Permanent dark-ink tattooing is the most popular marking method. COMFORTATTOO is a unicentric, randomized trial testing 2 permanent methods: lancets against an electric marking pen (Comfort Marker 2.0, CM). One substudy was undertaken to test if using the CM translates into a cosmesis, fading, or satisfaction benefit compared with the lancets. Methods and Materials: Patients aged 18 years or older referred to our department to receive RT were recruited. They were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive set-up markings using lancets or CM. This substudy aimed to recruit all the living participants included in the main study. The primary endpoints were tattoos cosmesis, tattoos fading, and patients' satisfaction 6 months after finishing the RT. Cosmetic and fading assessments were scored on a 5-point ascending scale and patients' satisfaction on a 10-point ascending scale. The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT05371795). Results: Between April and September 2022, 92 patients were enrolled (45 assigned to lancets and 47 to CM) and assessed for the outcomes. Patients receiving CM had significantly better cosmetic markings, with a median score of 4.4 (vs 3.7 for lancets, P<.001). On the fading assessment, the CM was associated with lower scores compared with the lancets (median score of 1.3 and 3.3, respectively; P<.001). No differences in patients' satisfaction were observed with either method (median score of 10 for both arms, P=.952). Conclusions: Our substudy results demonstrated that, 6 months after the end of RT, the CM produces better cosmetic markings with less fading compared with the lancets. These differences didn't translate into patients' satisfaction superiority toward any method.

Pushing Backwards: Evaluating Effectiveness of Conservative Treatment of Intestinal Intussusception.

OBJECTIVE: Intestinal intussusception (II) is a common cause for acute abdomen in children, occurring in 0.33 to 0.71 per 1000 children per year. Early diagnosis and treatment are fundamental for prevention of irreversible intestinal damage. The first line of treatment is conservative, with saline reduction enema or air reduction enema. Our goal is to evaluate results with conservative treatment of II in children. METHODS: A retrospective single-center review of all patients with diagnosis of II from January 2014 to December 2019 was performed. Demographics, clinical data, treatment option, and results were assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight cases were identified. The mean age was 26 months, and 68% were males. Most presented with abdominal pain (95%) and vomiting (66%), after an average of 30 hours. Rectal bleeding was present in 32% of patients. Abdominal ultrasound was performed in all patients for diagnosis. Conservative treatment was first option in 95% of patients, with a global effectiveness of 83% after 1 attempt. Saline reduction enema was more effective than air reduction enema (88% vs 70%), and patients with successful reduction were younger (24 vs 33 months), but neither reached statistical significance. Two patients had a subsequent II episode within 1 week after hospital discharge. Neither age, sex, symptoms and respective duration, rotavirus inoculation, intussuscepted bowel length, nor technique used was predictive of treatment failure or II relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative treatment in II is a safe and effective option, preventing invasive surgical procedures. Effectiveness of such treatments may be as high as 88% after 1 attempt, with rapid diet reintroduction. Same-day discharge after oral feeding toleration is safe.

Effectiveness of dental implants in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: An umbrella review.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this overview is to evaluate the effectiveness of dental implants placed in patients who underwent radiotherapy for the treatment of head and neck cancer, as well as to assess the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews. METHODS: The study was conducted in four PubMed, Lilacs, Dare Cochrane and Google Scholar databases until July 2022, using the descriptors "Radiotherapy," "Dental implants," and "Head and Neck Cancer." RESULTS: 958 studies were found in the initial search and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, fifteen systematic reviews were selected to compose this overview and had their methodological quality evaluated by the AMSTAR 2 tool. RESULTS: 24,996 implants in 5487 patients were evaluated with a rate of success rate of 86.2% in patients who underwent radiotherapy and 95.2% in patients who did not undergo radiotherapy. Only one of the systematic reviews was of high quality according to AMSTAR 2. CONCLUSION: Oral rehabilitation with dental implants in patients with a history of head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy is a valid therapy. However, given the level of evidence found, further studies with better design are necessary to provide greater confidence in the clinical decision.

Correlation between peripheral endothelial function, oxygen consumption and ventilatory efficiency in heart transplantation recipients.

BACKGROUND: Endothelial dysfunction and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) are also predictors of increased risk of cardiovascular events in heart transplantation (HTx) recipients. The preservation of endothelial function may contribute to exercise tolerance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between peripheral endothelial function and exercise tolerance through VO2peak and ventilation to carbon dioxide production slope (VE / VCO2 slope) in HTx recipients. METHODS: A pilot cross-sectional study was conducted with adult individuals aged 18-65 years, HTx ≥ six months after surgery, who had a stable medical condition and no changes over the last three months of immunosuppressive treatment. The patients underwent an assessment of endothelial function through PAT (EndoPAT-2000®) and performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). RESULTS: A total of 41% of the studied population presented endothelial dysfunction. The individuals were divided into two groups: the endothelial dysfunction (GED; n=9) group and the normal endothelial function (GNEF; n=13) group according to the logarithm of the reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI). There was a positive and moderate correlation between the LnRHI and VO2 peak (r=0.659, p=0.013) and a negative and moderate correlation between the LnRHI and VE/VCO2 slope (r= -0.686, p= 0.009) in the GNEF. However, no significant correlations were found in the GED. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the preservation of peripheral endothelial function is significantly correlated with an increase in exercise tolerance in individuals after HTx. These findings bring important considerations for cardiovascular risk prevention and emphasize that therapeutic strategies with physical training programs must be implemented early.

Inflammation in Prostate Cancer: Exploring the Promising Role of Phenolic Compounds as an Innovative Therapeutic Approach.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant global health concern, being a major cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, profound understanding of the disease is needed. Prostate inflammation caused by external or genetic factors is a central player in prostate carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying inflammation-driven PCa remain poorly understood. This review dissects the diagnosis methods for PCa and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the disease, clarifying the dynamic interplay between inflammation and leukocytes in promoting tumour development and spread. It provides updates on recent advances in elucidating and treating prostate carcinogenesis, and opens new insights for the use of bioactive compounds in PCa. Polyphenols, with their noteworthy antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, along with their synergistic potential when combined with conventional treatments, offer promising prospects for innovative therapeutic strategies. Evidence from the use of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in PCa revealed their positive effects in controlling tumour growth, proliferation, and metastasis. By consolidating the diverse features of PCa research, this review aims to contribute to increased understanding of the disease and stimulate further research into the role of polyphenols and polyphenol-based nanoparticles in its management.

Nutraceutical Potential of Lentinula edodes' Spent Mushroom Substrate: A Comprehensive Study on Phenolic Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Antibacterial Effects.

Lentinula edodes, commonly known as shiitake mushroom, is renowned for its potential health advantages. This research delves into the often-overlooked by-product of shiitake cultivation, namely spent mushroom substrate (SMS), to explore its nutraceutical properties. The SMS samples were collected and subjected to different extraction methods, namely short or long agitation, and ultrasound-assisted extractions using different temperatures and distilled water or a 50% (v/v) ethanol as solvents. The extracts were tested for phenolic content (total phenols, ortho-diphenols, and flavonoids), antioxidant capacity (DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl; ABTS, 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid; and FRAP, ferric reducing antioxidant power), and antibacterial activity. The different extraction methods revealed substantial variations (p < 0.05) in phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity. The highest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity were achieved using 24 h extraction, agitation, 50 °C, and ethanol as the solvent. Furthermore, the extracted compounds displayed antibacterial activity in specific tested bacterial strains. This study highlights the nutraceutical potential of L. edodes' SMS, positioning it as a valuable dietary supplement for animal nutrition, with emphasis on its prebiotic properties. Hence, this research unveils the promising health benefits of SMS in both human and animal nutrition.