Prognostic value of preoperative mechanical hyperalgesia and neuropathic pain qualities for postoperative pain after total knee replacement.

BACKGROUND: Total knee replacement (TKR) is the gold standard treatment for end-stage chronic osteoarthritis pain, yet many patients report chronic postoperative pain after TKR. The search for preoperative predictors for chronic postoperative pain following TKR has been studied with inconsistent findings. METHODS: This study investigates the predictive value of quantitative sensory testing (QST) and PainDETECT for postoperative pain 3, 6 and 12 months post-TKR. We assessed preoperative and postoperative (3 and 6 months) QST measures in 77 patients with knee OA (KOA) and 41 healthy controls, along with neuropathic pain scores in patients (PainDETECT). QST parameters included pressure pain pressure threshold (PPT), pain tolerance threshold (PTT), conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation (TS) using cuff algometry, alongside mechanical hyperalgesia and temporal summation to repeated pinprick stimulation. RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, KOA patients at baseline demonstrated hyperalgesia to pinprick stimulation at the medial knee undergoing TKR, and cuff pressure at the calf. Lower cuff algometry PTT and mechanical pinprick hyperalgesia were associated with preoperative KOA pain intensity. Moreover, preoperative pinprick pain hyperalgesia explained 25% of variance in pain intensity 12 months post-TKR and preoperative neuropathic pain scores also captured 30% and 20% of the variance in postoperative pain at 6 and 12 months respectively. A decrease in mechanical pinprick hyperalgesia from before surgery to 3 months after TKR was associated with lower postoperative pain at the 12 months post-TKR follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that preoperative pinprick hyperalgesia and neuropathic-like pain symptoms show predictive value for the development of chronic post-TKR pain. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study's findings hold significant implications for chronic pain management in knee osteoarthritis patients, particularly those undergoing total knee replacement surgery (TKR). Mechanical hyperalgesia and neuropathic pain-like characteristics predict postoperative pain 1 year after TKR, emphasizing the importance of understanding pain phenotypes in OA for selecting appropriate pain management strategies. The normalization of hyperalgesia after surgery correlates with better long-term outcomes, further highlighting the therapeutic potential of addressing abnormal pain processing mechanisms pre- and post-TKR.

Managing IBD Patients with Concomitant HIV Infection - a Systematic Review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic GI inflammatory condition induced by a dysregulated immune system activation, whereas HIV infection causes depletion of the immune system, inducing immunosuppression. Given the increasing incidence of IBD across the globe, including in developing countries, the co-prevalence of both conditions is expected to increase. Herein, we systematically review the data describing disease course when both pathologies co-exist. RECENT FINDINGS: Overall, the co-prevalence of IBD and HIV is around 0.1 to 2%. While IBD does not seem to affect HIV course, the opposite is controversial, as some studies report milder IBD phenotype, with fewer disease relapses especially when CD4 + counts are lower than 200 cells/µL. Despite growing evidence to support the safety of the use of immunosuppressants and biologics in IBD-HIV infected patients, these classes of drugs are used in less than 50% of patients, as compared to non-HIV infected IBD patients. There is a need for more studies on disease course and safety of IBD medications in the setting of IBD.

Mechanical hyperalgesia and neuropathic pain qualities impart risk for chronic postoperative pain after total knee replacement.

Total knee replacement (TKR) is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage chronic osteoarthritis pain, yet many patients report chronic postoperative pain after TKR. The search for preoperative predictors for chronic postoperative pain following TKR has been studied with inconsistent findings. This study investigates the predictive value of quantitative sensory testing (QST) and PainDETECT for postoperative pain 3, 6, and 12 months post-TKR. We assessed baseline and postoperative (3- and 6-months) QST measures in 77 patients with knee OA (KOA) and 41 healthy controls, along with neuropathic pain scores in patients (PainDETECT). QST parameters included pressure pain pressure threshold (PPT), pain tolerance threshold (PTT), conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and temporal summation (TS) using cuff algometry, alongside mechanical hyperalgesia, and mechanical temporal summation to repeated pinprick stimulation. Compared to healthy controls, KOA patients at baseline demonstrated hyperalgesia to pinprick stimulation at the medial OA-affected knee and cuff pressure on the ipsilateral calf. Lower cuff algometry PTT and mechanical pinprick hyperalgesia were associated with baseline KOA pain intensity. Moreover, baseline pinprick pain hyperalgesia explained 25% of variance in pain intensity 12 months post-TKR and preoperative neuropathic pain scores also captured 30% and 20% of the variance in postoperative pain at 6- and 12-months, respectively. A decrease in mechanical pinprick hyperalgesia from before surgery to 3 months after TKR was associated with lower postoperative pain at the 12 months post-TKR follow-up, and vice-versa. Our findings suggest that preoperative pinprick hyperalgesia and PainDETECT neuropathic-like pain symptoms show predictive value for the development of chronic post-TKR pain.

O Teste das Pirâmides Coloridas de Pfister estudo. normativo com adolescentes de 12 a 14 anos

s diretrizes nacionais e internacionais de avaliação psicológica remetem à necessidade de constante avaliação dos dados psicométricos dos instrumentos utilizados na prática profissional. Dentre os métodos projetivos de avaliação psicológica, com uso promissor, encontra-se o Teste das Pirâmides Coloridas de Pfister, porém seus dados normativos referentes às últimas três décadas não englobam a faixa etária da adolescência. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou caracterizar e sistematizar normas avaliativas do Pfister para adolescentes, buscando otimizar a utilização desse método projetivo no Brasil. Buscouse, ainda, verificar possíveis influências do sexo, da idade e da origem escolar nos resultados nesse método projetivo. Foram avaliados 180 participantes de 12 a 14 anos de idade, de ambos os sexos, provenientes de escolas públicas e particulares do interior do Estado de São Paulo, todos voluntários, com relato de pais/responsáveis informando sinais de desenvolvimento típico (não pacientes). Após consentimento formal para a pesquisa, os adolescentes foram individualmente avaliados por meio do Teste de Inteligência Não-Verbal INV (forma C - para controle do nível intelectual dos participantes, aceitando-se na amostra aqueles com desempenho mínimo equivalente ao percentil 25) e pelo Teste de Pfister, seguindo-se orientações técnicas de seus manuais. Os dados deste estudo focalizam-se nas variáveis do Teste de Pfister, a saber: frequências das cores, das síndromes aromáticas, do aspecto formal, execução e fórmula cromática, comparando-os (Teste t de Student, p≤0,05) aos dados normativos disponíveis de 1978 (adolescentes) e 2005 (adultos não pacientes), de modo a evidenciar, empiricamente, a especificidade de referênciais normativos para adequada avaliação psicológica de adolescentes no contexto contemporâneo...(AU)

he national and international guidelines for psychological evaluation suggest the need for constant updating of psychometric data of the instruments used in professional practice. Among the projective methods of psychological assessment, with promising use, is the Pfister Color Pyramid Test, but its normative data concerning the last three decades do not include the age of adolescence. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize and systematize Pfister’s evaluative standards for teenagers, seeking to optimize the use of this projective method in Brazil. We also tried to verify influences of sex, age and school origin in the results of this projective method. A total of 180 participants from 12 to 14 years old, of both sexes, from public and private schools in the country of the state of Sao Paulo, all volunteers, with reports of parents / guardians informing signals of typical development (not patients). After informed consent for research, adolescents were individually assessed using the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence INV (form C - to control the intellectual level of the participants, accepting the sample those with minimal performance equivalent to percentile of 25%) and the Pfister Test, followed by their manuals technical guidance. Data from this study focus on the variables of the Pfister test, namely frequency of colors, chromatic syndromes, the formal aspect, execution and chromatic formula, comparing them (Student t test, p < 0.05) to normative data available from 1978 (adolescents) and 2005 (adult non patients) in order to demonstrate empirically the specificity of normative references for proper psychological assessment of adolescents in the contemporary context...(AU)

Papel da tuberculose domiciliar no surgimento da tuberculose multirresistente / The role of household contact in the appearance of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

INTRODUÇAO: A tuberculose multirresistente é uma preocupação em todo o mundo. A identificação de fatores de risco associados pode contribuir para o seu controle. OBJETIVO: Avaliar se o contato com tuberculose domiciliar é fator de risco para tuberculose multirresistente. MÉTODO: Estudo caso-controle de base populacional de modo retrospectivo. Foi considerado multirresistente o bacilo resistente a pelo menos rifampicina+isoniazida, e tuberculose sensível o caso no qual houvesse sido feito o primeiro tratamento num período semelhante ao primeiro tratamento do caso com tuberculose multirresistente, mas que estivesse curado no momento da entrevista. Os casos foram selecionados através dos testes de sensibilidade realizados no Laboratório Central do Estado do Ceará de 1990 a 1999, pelo método das proporções. Os controles foram selecionados entre os bacilíferos do livro de registro do Programa de Controle da Tuberculose, em período semelhante. Foi pesquisada a história de tuberculose na família. Os casos de Tuberculose na família foram divididos em 03 subgrupos: tuberculose curada, tuberculose abandonada e tuberculose multirresistente. RESULTADOS: 266 casos de tuberculose multirresistente foram diagnosticados. Identificamos 153 pacientes, dos quais, 19 foram excluídos. O grupo de casos e controle foi de 134 e 185 pacientes, respectivamente. Através do teste exato de Fisher não foi encontrada associação entre tuberculose multirresistente e contato com tuberculose na família (p=0,1190). Estudando os subgrupos, encontramos que o contato com pacientes curados de tuberculose estava associado com tuberculose sensível (p<0,0001), enquanto que o abandono do tratamento da tuberculose na família e a tuberculose multirresistente na família estavam associados com a tuberculose multirresistente, p<0,0160 e p<0,0300 respectivamente. CONCLUSAO: A existência na família de casos de tuberculose multirresistente e de casos de tuberculose com abandono de tratamento é fator de risco para tuberculose multirresistente e, portanto, constitui problema de saúde pública.

Fatores associados aos tratamentos inadequados em grupo de portadores de tuberculose multirresistente / Factors associated with inadequate treatment in a group of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

INTRODUÇAO: A tuberculose multirresistente é uma ameaça ao controle da tuberculose em todo o mundo. Tratamento inadequado é freqüentemente apontado como fator de risco para tuberculose multirresistente. OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores associados ao tratamento inadequado em portadores de tuberculose multirresistente. MÉTODO: Foram levantados e identificados os testes de sensibilidade para tuberculose, realizados no Laboratório Central do Estado do Ceará de 1990 a 1999. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo e prospectivo, em grupo de portadores de tuberculose multirresistente, comparando as características dos pacientes com tratamento adequado com as dos com tratamentos inadequados. Foi considerado multirresistente o bacilo resistente a pelo menos rifampicina + isoniazida e utilizado o método das proporções. RESULTADOS: Dos 1.500 testes de sensibilidade realizados, 266 eram multirresistentes. Destes, identificaram-se apenas 153 pacientes, dos quais 19 foram excluídos, restando, no estudo, 134 pacientes. Pela análise univariada os fatores associados significativamente ao tratamento inadequado foram: não-adesão ao tratamento, pobreza extrema, intolerância medicamentosa, falha no atendimento, falta de medicação, dois ou mais tratamentos anteriores, lesões radiológicas bilaterais e grandes cavidades pulmonares. Foi encontrada ainda associação (p < 0,001) de alcoolismo e/ou tabagismo com a não-adesão. Na análise multivariada, permaneceram associados ao tratamento inadequado: dois ou mais tratamentos anteriores (p < 0,0001, OR = 5,9; IC 95 por cento: 2,5-13,7), grandes cavidades pulmonares (p < 0,0217, OR = 2,7; IC 95 por cento: 1,2-6,1) e lesões radiológicas bilaterais (p < 0,0226, OR = 3,2; IC 95 por cento: 1,4-7,4). CONCLUSAO: Neste estudo, observou-se que os fatores associados aos tratamentos inadequados são de grande abrangência. Deve existir uma tentativa para controlar melhor a doença, principalmente nos pacientes em retratamento e nos portadores de grandes cavidades e/ou lesões bilaterais na radiografia torácica.

Risk factors for acquired multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a severe and feared problem, that is difficult to control and has shown a tendency to increase worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors for acquired MDR-TB. CASUISTIC AND METHODS: A retrospective population-based case-control study was conducted. A bacillus was considered multidrug-resistant whenever it was resistant at least to rifampin (RFP) + isoniazid (INH), and a case was considered as sensitive tuberculosis (TB) if it had undergone the first treatment during a similar period as the first treatment of an MDR-TB case, but was cured at the time of the interview. Case selection was made based on the list of Sensitivity Tests (ST) performed at the Central Public Health Laboratory of the State of Ceará, from 1990 through 1999. The Proportion Method was used to investigate resistance to the six antituberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, ethionamide, streptomycin) used as the standard treatment in Brazil. Controls were selected from the registry of the TB Control Program. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed, with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS: Out of the 1,500 STs performed during the studied period, 266 strains were multidrug-resistant; 153 patients were identified, 19 of which were excluded. The Group of Cases comprised 134 patients, and the Group of Controls comprised 185. Multivariate analysis helped to detect the following risk factors: lack of home sewer system, alcoholism + smoking, number of previous treatments, irregular treatment, and lung cavities. CONCLUSION: These five factors are important for the development of acquired MDR-TB, and an attempt to neutralize them might contribute to control TB.