ABSTRACT
Introduction During a refugees' mass-gathering incident in Kos Island, Greece, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF; Brussels, Belgium) teams provided emergency medical care. A case report of the event focusing on difficulties encountered by the interpreters during triage and emergency response was prepared. METHODS: Data collected during the event were reviewed from the patient's register and qualitative interviews were obtained from the MSF interpreters involved in the response. In addition, a description of the event and a literature review were included. RESULTS: Total consultations were 49 patients, mainly from Syria, with an average age of 25 years. During triage, 20 patients were tagged green with only minor injuries; 11 patients were tagged yellow, mostly due to heat exhaustion, but also a hypertensive crisis, a diabetic, a pregnant woman with abdominal pain, and a peptic ulcer exacerbation. The remaining 18 patients were tagged red and diagnosed with heat syncope, except from a case of epileptic seizures and an acute chest pain patient. Interpreters were insufficient in number to accompany each doctor and every nurse providing care during the event. In addition, they were constantly disturbed by both refugees and fellow medical team members demanding their service. Interpreters had to triage and prioritize where to go and for whom to interpret. CONCLUSION: Interpreters are an integral part of a proper refugee reception system. They should be included in authorities planning where mass gatherings of refugees are expected. Appropriate training may be needed for interpreters to develop skills useful in mass gatherings and similar prehospital settings in order to better coordinate with the medical team. Alexakis LC Papachristou A Baruzzi C Konstantinou A . The use of interpreters in medical triage during a refugee mass-gathering incident in Europe. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):684-687.
Subject(s)
Communication Barriers , Mass Casualty Incidents , Refugees , Translating , Triage , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Europe , Female , Humans , Infant , Interviews as Topic , Male , Middle Aged , Syria/ethnology , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate quantitative EEG (qEEG) in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS: Resting EEG was recorded in 30 healthy females (age: 27.1+/-5.5), 16-AN females (age: 26.4+/-9.5) and 12-BN females (age: 27.0+/-6.3). Cortical EEG sources (delta, theta, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2) were modeled by LORETA solutions. The statistical analysis was performed considering the factors Group, power Band, and region of interest (central, frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, limbic). RESULTS: Alpha 1 sources in central, parietal, occipital and limbic areas showed a greater amplitude in Controls versus AN and BN groups. Alpha 2 sources in parietal, occipital and limbic areas showed a greater amplitude in Controls than in both AN and BN groups. Alpha 1 sources in temporal area showed a greater amplitude in Controls compared to both the BN and AN groups as well as in the BN group compared to AN group. Central alpha 1 source correlated significantly with BMI in patients. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that eating disorders are related to altered mechanisms of cortical neural synchronization, especially in rolandic alpha rhythms. SIGNIFICANCE: To our knowledge this is the first study by LORETA able to detect modifications of cortical EEG activity in eating disorders.
