The usefulness of patient-reported outcome measures in decision making in Chagas cardiomyopathy: a scoping review.

Chagas cardiomyopathy (ChC) presents many biopsychosocial complexities, highlighting the need to have patient self-report questions. This study demonstrates the scope of the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients with ChC and highlights the main research gaps. This is a scoping review and the search strategy was performed in the Online Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (MEDLINE), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Accumulated Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central, Latin American Literature and Caribbean in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Diagnostic Test Accuracy (DITA). The search identified 4484 studies and 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. The Short-Form of 36 items (SF-36) had potential prognostic value and the ability to identify systolic dysfunction. The Human Activity Profile was able to screen for functional impairment, and the New York Heart Association showed potential prognostic value. The SF-36 and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire were responsive to interventions. The pharmaceutical care affected adherence to treatment as assessed by the Morisky score and also for SF-36. Despite the increased use of PROMs, there are still a large number of gaps in the literature, and further studies using PROMs are needed.

Construction and validation of the community health workers perception questionnaire on conditions amenable to physiotherapy in primary health care / Construção e validação do questionário de percepção dos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde sobre condições sensíveis à fisioterapia na Atenção Primária

Abstract Introduction Community health workers, like the physiotherapist, perform essential functions in primary health care, being an important element in the transformation of public policies. There are no reported studies investigating the knowledge of community health workers about health conditions amenable to physiotherapy intervention in primary health care. Objective To construct a questionnaire to investigate the perception of community health workers about health conditions that could be remedied by physiotherapy intervention in primary health care. Methods This was a methodological study in which it was initially an analysis matrix with the aim of encompassing the ideas contemplated in the questionnaire. To construct the instrument, a literature review was carried out, and health conditions treatable with physiotherapy in primary health care were chosen. To validate the content and appearance of the items, twelve physiotherapists specialized in primary health care judged the suitability of the items contained. The content validity index was used to determine the degree of agreement during the response analysis process. Subsequently, a semantic analysis was carried out through the understanding of the items by 15 community health workers. In the validation stage, two rounds of evaluation were carried out. Adjustments were made to 17 questions. Results The study investigated a questionnaire with 20 questions containing hypothetical situations of home visits, in which the resident's situation could or could not constitute a health risk amenable to physiotherapeutic intervention. Conclusion The community health workers perception instrument on health conditions amenable to physiotherapy intervention in primary health care proved to be valid for use in this context. The use of the instrument may contribute to the development of community health worker training programs, with the aim of facilitating team communication.

Resumo Introdução O Agente Comunitário de Saúde (ACS), assim como o fisioterapeuta, desencadeia funções fundamentais na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), sendo ele-mento importante na transformação de políticas públicas. Inexistem estudos que investiguem o conhecimento dos ACS sobre as condições de saúde sensíveis à inter-venção da fisioterapia na APS. Objetivo Construir um questionário de investigação da percepção dos ACS sobre as condições de saúde sensíveis à intervenção da fisioterapia na APS. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo metodológico no qual, inicialmente, construiu-se uma matriz de análise com o intuito de englobar as ideias contempladas no questionário. Para a construção do instrumento, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, sendo eleitas condições de saúde sensíveis à intervenção da fisioterapia na APS. Para a validação de conteúdo e aparente dos itens, 12 fisioterapeutas especialistas em APS julgaram a adequação dos itens contidos. Utilizou-se o índice de validade de conteúdo para verificar o grau de concordância durante o processo de análise das respos-tas. Posteriormente, realizou-se análise semântica por meio da compreensão dos itens por 15 ACS. Na etapa de validação, foram realizadas duas rodadas de avaliação. Foram feitos ajustes em 17 questões. Resultados O estudo resultou em um questionário com 20 questões contendo situações hipotéticas de visitas domiciliares, cuja situação do morador poderia ou não configurar um risco à saúde sensível à intervenção fisioterapêutica. Conclusão O instrumento de percepção dos ACS sobre as condições de saúde sensíveis à intervenção da fisioterapia na APS mostrou-se válido para ser utilizado no contexto da APS. A utilização do instrumento poderá contribuir na elaboração de programas de capacitação dos ACS, com o intuito de facilitar a comunicação da equipe.

Factors associated with fear of falling in older women with knee osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study.

Knee instability in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is associated with fear of falling (FoF). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and the factors associated with FoF in older women with KOA. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 93 older women with KOA. Sociodemographic variables, medical conditions, handgrip strength, and anthropometric and body composition measurements were assessed. The Short Physical Performance Battery was used to measure functional performance. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index was applied to assess pain, stiffness, and disability. FoF was assessed by the Falls Efficacy Scale-International. The prevalence of FoF was high (88.2 %). Disability, history of falls, handgrip strength, obesity, number of medications, and pain were independently associated with FoF. Our findings suggest that health professionals should investigate FoF when evaluating older women with KOA and address these risk factors when developing strategies to prevent or minimize FoF in this population.

Home-based gait speed and the association with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables: A national study (ELSI-Brazil).

OBJECTIVES: To investigate home-based gait speed performance for men and women stratified by age group and its associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. METHODS: Data from the 2nd wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil, 2019-2021) were used. Gait speed was tested twice at home over 3.0 meters at usual pace. Associations of sociodemographic and anthropometric variables with gait speed were evaluated using gamma regression. RESULTS: Median gait speed value reduced with increasing age in both sexes [men: 0.70 m/s (50-59 years) to 0.53 m/s (≥80 years); women: 0.68 m/s (50-59 years) to 0.48 m/s (≥80 years)] and was significantly lower in women than men in the age groups of 60-69 and 70-79 years. Age group and education among men and age group, education, and waist circumference among women were significantly associated with gait speed. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings may be helpful as reference values to identify mobility limitation among older Brazilians.

Reliability and validity of specific quality of life assessment questionnaires related to chronic venous insufficiency: a systematic review.

This systematic review aimed to discuss the main findings regarding the reliability and validity of health-related quality of life questionnaires for chronic venous insufficiency. Searches were performed on the MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, and Scopus databases. The search terms used were related to "venous insufficiency", and "quality of life". The CIVIQ-20 and CIVIQ-14 instruments had adequate internal consistency and both were able to discriminate disease severity. The VEINES-QoL showed adequate internal consistency but was not able to discriminate disease severity. Most studies did not demonstrate a correlation between VEINES-QoL and the mental component of the SF-36. The AVVQ had inadequate reliability but its validity was also doubtful when compared to the SF-36. The VARIShort demonstrated good internal consistency, reproducibility, and validity, but only the original study was included. For venous leg ulcers, the CCVUQ showed adequate reliability and validity when compared to VLU-QoL.

Esta revisão sistemática objetivou discutir os principais achados sobre a confiabilidade e validade dos questionários de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde na insuficiência venosa crônica. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS e Scopus. Os termos de busca foram relacionados a "insuficiência venosa" e "qualidade de vida". O Chronic Lower Limb Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire (CIVIQ)-20 e o CIVIQ-14 apresentaram consistência interna adequada e foram capazes de discriminar a gravidade da doença. O Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study ­ Quality of Life (VEINES-QoL) apresentou consistência interna adequada, mas não foi capaz de discriminar a gravidade da doença. A maioria dos estudos não demonstrou associação do VEINES-QoL com o componente mental do Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). O Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) apresentou confiabilidade inadequada e validade duvidosa quando comparado ao SF-36. O VARIShort demonstrou consistência interna, reprodutibilidade e validade boas, mas apenas o estudo original foi incluído. Na úlcera venosa, o Charing Cross Venous Ulcer Questionnaire (CCVUQ) apresentou confiabilidade e validade adequadas quando comparado ao Venous Leg Ulcer Quality of Life (VLU-QoL).

Time trends of physical activity for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population: results from Vigitel, 2010-2019.

This time-series study examined a 10-year historical series of the physical activity prevalence for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population. Information from 512,969 adults interviewed from the Vigitel between 2010 and 2019 was analyzed. Individuals who reported practicing at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity or at least 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity were considered active during leisure time. Individuals who reported walking or cycling to/from work, course, or school at least 30 minutes/day, equivalent to at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity, were considered active during transportation. The prevalence of physical activity for leisure and transportation was calculated annually and stratified by sex, age group, schooling, and race/skin color. The segmented regression model was applied to analyze the time series. Annual percent change and average annual percent change were calculated. Over time, the prevalence of physical activity for leisure increased, and the prevalence of physical activity for transportation decreased. The highest prevalence of physical activity for leisure was observed among males, young individuals, and those with high education. Older adults, those with high education, and white people presented the lowest prevalence of active transport. Policymakers should propose strategies that encourage and facilitate physical activity for leisure in women, individuals aged ≥ 35 years, and those with less education (< 12 years), and physical activity for transportation among older adults (≥ 60 years), those with high education (≥ 12 years), and white people.

Fratura por fragilidade: fatores de risco em uma coorte retrospectiva / Fragility fracture: risk factors in a retrospective cohort

Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores de risco para fratura por fragilidade (FF) em pacientes internados em um hospital terciário de ensino, no município de Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Métodos: Dados sociodemográficos, de saúde, estilo de vida (tabagismo, consumo de álcool, exposição ao sol, nível de atividade física, hábitos alimentares), mobilidade e nível de dependência foram coletados dos prontuários de pacientes com 50 anos ou mais, internados com FF, no período de abril a setembro de 2020. Resultados: Um total de 52 pacientes foram internados com diagnóstico de FF, sendo 60% com diagnóstico de fratura proximal de fêmur. Somente 17,3% dos pacientes possuíam diagnóstico prévio de osteoporose. Os fatores de risco mais frequentes para FF foram sexo feminino, déficit cognitivo, sarcopenia, dinapenia, histórico familiar de osteoporose ou fratura por queda, baixa exposição ao sol, consumo insuficiente de leite e derivados, inatividade física e dependência nas atividades básicas e instrumentais de vida diária. Quando comparados os grupos com fratura proximal de fêmur e outras fraturas, o grupo com fratura proximal de fêmur apresentou maior frequência de indivíduos com idade avançada (≥ 80 anos), déficit cognitivo, baixo peso, sarcopenia, tabagismo, inatividade física e limitação na mobilidade, ao passo que o grupo com outras fraturas apresentou maior frequência de histórico familiar de osteoporose ou fratura por queda. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram um subdiagnóstico da osteoporose na população estudada. Muitos fatores de risco modificáveis para osteoporose e quedas foram identificados. Intervenções direcionadas para estes fatores de risco devem ser consideradas de forma a prevenir as FF.

Objective: To evaluate the risk factors for fragility fractures (FF) in patients admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in the municipality of Diamantina, Minas Gerais. Methods: Sociodemographic, health, lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, sun exposure, physical activity level, eating habits), mobility, and dependence level data were collected from the medical records of patients aged 50 years or older, hospitalized with FF, from April to September 2020. Results: A total of 52 patients were hospitalized with FF, 60% had a diagnosis of proximal femur fracture. Only 17.3% of the patients had a previous diagnosis of osteoporosis. The most prevalent risk factors for FF were female gender, cognitive deficit, sarcopenia, dynapenia, family history of osteoporosis or fracture due to fall, low sun exposure, insufficient consumption of milk and dairy products, physical inactivity, and dependence on basic and instrumental activities of daily living. When comparing the groups with proximal femoral fractures and other fractures, the group with proximal femoral fractures showed a higher frequency of individuals with advanced age (≥ 80 years), cognitive deficit, low weight, sarcopenia, smoking, physical inactivity, and mobility limitation, whereas the group with other fractures presented a higher frequency of family history of osteoporosis or fracture due to fall. Conclusion: The results demonstrated an underdiagnosis of osteoporosis in the studied population. Many modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis and falls have been identified. Interventions toward these risk factors should be considered in order to prevent FF.

Do Older Brazilian Women Who Participate in a Regular Physical Exercise Program Have Higher Habitual Physical Activity Levels? A Cross-Sectional Study Based on Accelerometer Data.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the habitual physical activity level, measured by accelerometry, gait performance, assessed by the GAITRite® system, handgrip strength, and static balance between older Brazilian women who participate (n = 50; 70.7 ± 5.5 years) and do not participate (n = 50; 70.1 ± 5.6 years) in a regular physical exercise program, and to investigate whether participation in a regular exercise program ensures compliance with physical activity recommendations. Older women who participated in a regular physical exercise program had significantly shorter sedentary activity time (effect size [ES] = 0.54), longer moderate activity time (ES = 0.85), and higher energy expenditure (ES = 0.64), number of steps (ES = 0.82), gait speed (ES = 0.49), and step length (ES = 0.45). However, regular participation in an exercise program did not guarantee compliance with physical activity recommendations. Behavioral changes to increase physical activity levels among older women who do and do not participate in a regular exercise program are necessary.

Reliability and validity of specific quality of life assessment questionnaires related to chronic venous insufficiency: a systematic review / Confiabilidade e validade dos questionários específicos de avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à insuficiência venosa crônica: uma revisão sistemática

Abstract This systematic review aimed to discuss the main findings regarding the reliability and validity of health-related quality of life questionnaires for chronic venous insufficiency. Searches were performed on the MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS, and Scopus databases. The search terms used were related to "venous insufficiency", and "quality of life". The CIVIQ-20 and CIVIQ-14 instruments had adequate internal consistency and both were able to discriminate disease severity. The VEINES-QoL showed adequate internal consistency but was not able to discriminate disease severity. Most studies did not demonstrate a correlation between VEINES-QoL and the mental component of the SF-36. The AVVQ had inadequate reliability but its validity was also doubtful when compared to the SF-36. The VARIShort demonstrated good internal consistency, reproducibility, and validity, but only the original study was included. For venous leg ulcers, the CCVUQ showed adequate reliability and validity when compared to VLU-QoL.

Resumo Esta revisão sistemática objetivou discutir os principais achados sobre a confiabilidade e validade dos questionários de qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde na insuficiência venosa crônica. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, LILACS e Scopus. Os termos de busca foram relacionados a "insuficiência venosa" e "qualidade de vida". O Chronic Lower Limb Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire (CIVIQ)-20 e o CIVIQ-14 apresentaram consistência interna adequada e foram capazes de discriminar a gravidade da doença. O Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study - Quality of Life (VEINES-QoL) apresentou consistência interna adequada, mas não foi capaz de discriminar a gravidade da doença. A maioria dos estudos não demonstrou associação do VEINES-QoL com o componente mental do Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). O Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ) apresentou confiabilidade inadequada e validade duvidosa quando comparado ao SF-36. O VARIShort demonstrou consistência interna, reprodutibilidade e validade boas, mas apenas o estudo original foi incluído. Na úlcera venosa, o Charing Cross Venous Ulcer Questionnaire (CCVUQ) apresentou confiabilidade e validade adequadas quando comparado ao Venous Leg Ulcer Quality of Life (VLU-QoL).

Time trends of physical activity for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population: results from Vigitel, 2010-2019 / Tendências temporais da atividade física para lazer e transporte na população adulta brasileira: resultados do Vigitel, 2010-2019 / Tendencias temporales de la actividad física para el ocio y el transporte en la población adulta brasileña: resultados del Vigitel, 2010-2019

This time-series study examined a 10-year historical series of the physical activity prevalence for leisure and transportation in the Brazilian adult population. Information from 512,969 adults interviewed from the Vigitel between 2010 and 2019 was analyzed. Individuals who reported practicing at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity or at least 75 minutes/week of vigorous-intensity physical activity were considered active during leisure time. Individuals who reported walking or cycling to/from work, course, or school at least 30 minutes/day, equivalent to at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-intensity physical activity, were considered active during transportation. The prevalence of physical activity for leisure and transportation was calculated annually and stratified by sex, age group, schooling, and race/skin color. The segmented regression model was applied to analyze the time series. Annual percent change and average annual percent change were calculated. Over time, the prevalence of physical activity for leisure increased, and the prevalence of physical activity for transportation decreased. The highest prevalence of physical activity for leisure was observed among males, young individuals, and those with high education. Older adults, those with high education, and white people presented the lowest prevalence of active transport. Policymakers should propose strategies that encourage and facilitate physical activity for leisure in women, individuals aged ≥ 35 years, and those with less education (< 12 years), and physical activity for transportation among older adults (≥ 60 years), those with high education (≥ 12 years), and white people.

Este estudo de série temporal analisou a prevalência de atividade física para lazer e transporte na população adulta brasileira em uma série histórica de uma década. Foram analisadas informações de 512.969 adultos entrevistados pelo Vigitel entre 2010 e 2019. Os indivíduos que relataram praticar pelo menos 150 minutos/semana de atividade física moderada ou pelo menos 75 minutos/semana de atividade física vigorosa foram considerados ativos durante seu lazer. Os indivíduos que relataram caminhar ou andar de bicicleta para/do trabalho, curso ou escola por pelo menos 30 minutos/dia (equivalente a pelo menos 150 minutos/semana de atividade física moderada) foram considerados ativos durante seu transporte. A prevalência de atividade física para lazer e transporte foi calculada anualmente e estratificada por sexo, faixa etária, escolaridade e cor da pele/raça. Modelo de regressão segmentada foi aplicado para analisar a série temporal. Foram calculadas as mudanças percentuais anuais e as mudanças médias anuais. Com o tempo, a prevalência de atividade física para o lazer aumentou e a prevalência de atividade física para o transporte diminuiu. A maior prevalência de atividade física para lazer foi observada entre homens, jovens e pessoas com Ensino Médio completo. Idosos, pessoas com Ensino Médio e brancos apresentaram a menor prevalência de transporte ativo. Formuladores de políticas devem propor estratégias que incentivem e facilitem a atividade física para o lazer em mulheres, indivíduos com idade ≥ 35 anos e pessoas com baixa escolaridade (< 12 anos), e atividade física para transporte entre idosos (≥ 60 anos), aqueles com Ensino Médio completo (≥ 12 anos) e pessoas brancas.

Este estudio de serie temporal analizó la prevalencia de la actividad física para el ocio y el transporte en la población adulta brasileña en una serie histórica de una década. Se analizaron las informaciones de 512.969 adultos, entrevistados por Vigitel entre 2010 y 2019. Las personas que informaron practicar al menos 150 minutos/semana de actividad física moderada o al menos 75 minutos/semana de actividad física vigorosa se consideraron activas durante su tiempo libre. Las personas que informaron caminar o andar en bicicleta al/desde el trabajo, curso o escuela por al menos 30 minutos/día (equivalente al menos a 150 minutos/semana de actividad física moderada) se consideraron activas durante su transporte. La prevalencia de la actividad física para el ocio y el transporte se calculó anualmente y se estratificó por sexo, grupo de edad, escolaridad y color de piel/raza. Se aplicó un modelo de regresión segmentada para analizar la serie temporal. Se calcularon las variaciones porcentuales anuales y las variaciones porcentuales medias anuales. Con el paso del tiempo, la prevalencia de la actividad física para el ocio tuvo un aumento y una reducción para el transporte. La mayor prevalencia de actividad física para el ocio se observó entre hombres, jóvenes y personas con educación secundaria. Los ancianos, las personas con educación secundaria y los blancos tuvieron una prevalencia más baja en el transporte activo. Los formuladores de políticas deben proponer estrategias de fomento a la actividad física para el ocio en mujeres, personas ≥ 35 años y personas con baja escolaridad (< 12 años), y la actividad física para el transporte entre los ancianos (≥ 60 años), aquellos con educación secundaria (≥ 12 años) y personas blancas.

Cross-cultural validity of the Animated Activity Questionnaire for patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis: a comparison between the Netherlands and Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The Animated Activity Questionnaire (AAQ) was developed in the Netherlands to assess activity limitations in individuals with hip/knee osteoarthritis (HKOA). The AAQ is easy to implement and minimizes the disadvantages of questionnaires and performance-based tests by closely mimicking real-life situations. The AAQ has already been cross-culturally validated in six other countries. OBJECTIVE: To assess the cross-cultural validity, the construct validity, the reliability of the AAQ in a Brazilian sample of individuals with HKOA, and the influence of formal education on the construct validity of the AAQ. METHODS: The Brazilian sample (N = 200), mean age 64.4 years, completed the AAQ and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index (WOMAC). A subgroup of participants performed physical function tests and completed the AAQ twice with a one-week interval. The Dutch sample (N = 279) was included to examine Differential Item Functioning (DIF) between the scores obtained in the Netherlands and Brazil. For this purpose, ordinal regression analyses were used to evaluate whether individuals with the same level of activity limitations from the two countries (the Dutch as the reference group) scored similarly in each AAQ item. To evaluate the construct validity, correlation coefficients were calculated between the AAQ, the WOMAC domains, and the performance-based tests. To evaluate reliability, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the intraclass correlation coefficient, and the standard error of measurement (SEM) were calculated. RESULTS: The AAQ showed significant correlations with all the WOMAC domains and performance-based tests (rho=0.46-0.77). The AAQ showed high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.94), excellent test-retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.98), and small SEM (2.25). Comparing to the scores from the Netherlands, the AAQ showed DIF in two items, however, they did not impact on the total AAQ score (rho=0.99). CONCLUSION: Overall, the AAQ showed adequate cross-cultural validity, construct validity, and reliability, which enables its use in Brazil and international/multicenter studies.

Construct and criterion validity of the functional gait assessment-Brazil in community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND: The functional gait assessment (FGA) is a reliable instrument to evaluate walking balance in the Brazilian older population. However, other measurement properties need investigation. OBJECTIVE: To determine the construct and criterion validity of the FGA-Brazil and its ceiling and floor effects. METHODS: Sociodemographic, clinical, and anthropometric data were collected from 126 older adults. Participants completed the Mini-mental state examination followed by the FGA-Brazil, Berg balance scale (BBS), gait speed, and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International. Six months later, the participants were interviewed by telephone about their fall history. Exploratory factor analysis was used to determine the structural validity. We also determined the construct validity of the FGA-Brazil, using hypothesis testing, by investigating the differences between groups using the Mann-Whitney U test. Criterion validity was determined using the Spearman correlation between the FGA-Brazil and the other balance and gait measures, and using the Receiver Operator Characteristic curve. RESULTS: Participants' mean age was 69.3 ±â€¯7.4 years, and 84 (69.4%) were female. Factor analysis resulted in two factors explaining 53.3% of the total variance. Moderate and high significant correlations were found between the FGA-Brazil and gait speed (r = 0.65) and BBS (r = 0.80). A significant difference in the FGA-Brazil median score between older adults with low and high concern about falls was observed. The cutoff score recommended for predicting falls was 22 or less. No ceiling and floor effects were observed. CONCLUSION: We recommend the FGA-Brazil to determine the risk of falls in community-dwelling older adults.

Perceived Neighborhood and Walking Among Older Brazilian Adults Living in Urban Areas: A National Study (ELSI-Brazil).

The study goal was to examine the association between perceived neighborhood characteristics and walking in urban older adults in Brazil. A cross-sectional study including 4,027 older adults from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil) was performed. Walking was measured using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Neighborhood characteristics were questions about physical disorder, noise pollution, safety, violence, social cohesion, services, concerns with community mobility, and pleasantness. Multinomial logistic regression was used. Concern about taking the bus, subway, or train was inversely associated with walking for men. Violence (victim of theft, robbery, or had home broken into) and social cohesion (trust in neighbors) were positively and inversely associated with walking for women, respectively. A significant interaction term between social cohesion and number of chronic diseases was observed for women. These findings demonstrate the need for sex-specific interventions and policies to increase the walking levels among older Brazilian adults.

Prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy and predominantly preserved cardiac function.

INTRODUCTION: Chagas cardiomyopathy (ChC) is highly stigmatized, and the presence of depressive symptoms may be a common feature. However, its determinants remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify the prevalence of depression and the clinical, echocardiographic, functional, and quality of life factors associated with depressive symptoms in patients with ChC and predominantly preserved cardiac function. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with ChC (aged 40 to 60 years, 66% men, NYHA I-III) were evaluated by echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Mini-Mental State Examination. Physical activity level was assessed using the Human Activity Profile (HAP) and health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory. A cutoff point greater than 9 was indicative of depression. RESULTS: Depression was detected in 13 patients (37%). In the univariate analysis, female sex, NYHA functional class, body mass index, HAP score, mental summary of SF-36, peak oxygen uptake, and 6MWT distance were associated with depressive symptoms. The final model showed that only the HAP score (B = -0.533; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.804 to -0.262) and SF-36 mental summary (B = -0.269; 95% CI: -0.386 to -0.153) remained as independent predictors of depressive symptoms in patients with ChC. CONCLUSIONS: Depression was prevalent in patients with ChC and predominantly preserved cardiac function. Physical activity and mental health were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms.

Portuguese translation and validation of the Patient Generated Index (PGI) instrument for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: individualized quality of life assessment. / Tradução para a língua portuguesa e análise das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento Patient Generated Index (PGI) para pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica: avaliação individualizada de qualidade de vida.

Objective To translate, adapt and validate the Patient Generated Index (PGI) for Brazilians with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 50 volunteers with COPD, mostly men (74%), with 73.1 ± 8.9 years of age, FEV1 of 52.3 ± 14.5% of predicted and FEV1 / FVC of 56.2 ± 8.6% of predicted responded to PGI, to the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and to perform Glittre Activities of Daily Living test (Glittre ADL). After 1-2 weeks, PGI was again applied for the analysis of relative and absolute reliability. Results The translation occurred without changes in the questionnaire. The score obtained in PGI had weak correlation with the SGRQ total score (r = -0.44, p <0.001) and with the impact domain (r = -0.40, p <0.05), presented a moderate correlation with the symptoms domain of the SGRQ (r = -0.55, p <0.001) and weak correlation with the activity domain (r = -0.31, p <0.05). A weak correlation was observed between PGI and Glittre ADL (r = -0.30; p <0.05). It was observed high reliability among the measures of PGI (ICCr = 0.94). Conclusion This study shows that the Brazilian version of PGI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with COPD. It is a new and individualized form of evaluation of COPD patient-centered quality of life.

Prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms in patients with Chagas cardiomyopathy and predominantly preserved cardiac function

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Chagas cardiomyopathy (ChC) is highly stigmatized, and the presence of depressive symptoms may be a common feature. However, its determinants remain unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to verify the prevalence of depression and the clinical, echocardiographic, functional, and quality of life factors associated with depressive symptoms in patients with ChC and predominantly preserved cardiac function. METHODS: Thirty-five patients with ChC (aged 40 to 60 years, 66% men, NYHA I-III) were evaluated by echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and Mini-Mental State Examination. Physical activity level was assessed using the Human Activity Profile (HAP) and health-related quality of life was assessed using the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Beck Depression Inventory. A cutoff point greater than 9 was indicative of depression. RESULTS: Depression was detected in 13 patients (37%). In the univariate analysis, female sex, NYHA functional class, body mass index, HAP score, mental summary of SF-36, peak oxygen uptake, and 6MWT distance were associated with depressive symptoms. The final model showed that only the HAP score (B = -0.533; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.804 to -0.262) and SF-36 mental summary (B = -0.269; 95% CI: -0.386 to -0.153) remained as independent predictors of depressive symptoms in patients with ChC. CONCLUSIONS: Depression was prevalent in patients with ChC and predominantly preserved cardiac function. Physical activity and mental health were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms.

Tradução para a língua portuguesa e análise das propriedades psicométricas do instrumento Patient Generated Index (PGI) para pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica: avaliação individualizada de qualidade de vida / Portuguese translation and validation of the Patient Generated Index (PGI) instrument for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: individualized quality of life assessment

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir, adaptar e validar o Patient Generated Index (PGI) para brasileiros com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC). Métodos 50 voluntários com DPOC, em sua maioria homens (74%), com 73,1 ± 8,9 anos de idade, VEF1 de 52,3 ± 14,5% do previsto e VEF1/CVF de 56,2 ± 8,6% do previsto, responderam ao PGI e ao Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) e realizaram teste Glittre Activities of Daily Living (Glittre ADL). Após o período de 7-14 dias, o PGI foi novamente aplicado para análise da confiabilidade relativa e absoluta. Resultados A tradução ocorreu sem alterações no questionário. A pontuação obtida no PGI apontou fraca correlação com a pontuação total do SGRQ (r = −0,44; p < 0,001) e com o domínio impacto (r = −0,40; p < 0,05), moderada correlação com o domínio sintomas do SGRQ (r = −0,55; p < 0,001) e fraca correlação com o domínio atividades (r = −0,31; p < 0,05). Foram observadas fraca correlação entre o PGI e o Glittre ADL (r = −0,30; p < 0,05) e alta confiabilidade entre as medidas do PGI (CCIr = 0,94). Conclusão Este estudo mostra que a versão brasileira do PGI é um instrumento confiável e válido para medir a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde em pacientes com DPOC. Trata-se de uma nova forma individualizada de avaliação de qualidade de vida centrada no paciente com DPOC.

ABSTRACT Objective To translate, adapt and validate the Patient Generated Index (PGI) for Brazilians with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods 50 volunteers with COPD, mostly men (74%), with 73.1 ± 8.9 years of age, FEV1 of 52.3 ± 14.5% of predicted and FEV1 / FVC of 56.2 ± 8.6% of predicted responded to PGI, to the Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and to perform Glittre Activities of Daily Living test (Glittre ADL). After 1-2 weeks, PGI was again applied for the analysis of relative and absolute reliability. Results The translation occurred without changes in the questionnaire. The score obtained in PGI had weak correlation with the SGRQ total score (r = -0.44, p <0.001) and with the impact domain (r = -0.40, p <0.05), presented a moderate correlation with the symptoms domain of the SGRQ (r = -0.55, p <0.001) and weak correlation with the activity domain (r = -0.31, p <0.05). A weak correlation was observed between PGI and Glittre ADL (r = -0.30; p <0.05). It was observed high reliability among the measures of PGI (ICCr = 0.94). Conclusion This study shows that the Brazilian version of PGI is a reliable and valid instrument to measure health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with COPD. It is a new and individualized form of evaluation of COPD patient-centered quality of life.

Energy Expenditure in Older Adults Who Are Frail: A Doubly Labeled Water Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Frailty is a common and important geriatric syndrome, distinct from any single chronic disease, and an independent predictor of mortality. It is characterized by age-associated decline in physiological reserve and function across multiple systems, culminating in a vicious cycle of altered energy expenditure. The total energy expenditure (TEE) of an individual includes the resting metabolic rate (RMR), the thermic effect of feeding, and the energy expenditure in physical activity (PAEE). The investigation of the energy expenditure of older adults who are frail is essential for better understanding the syndrome. Therefore, we compared the RMR, the PAEE, the physical activity level (PAL), and the TEE of older adults who were frail with those who were not frail. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 26 community-dwelling older adults (66-86 years of age). Older adults in the frail and nonfrail groups were matched for age and gender, and the matched pairs were randomly selected to continue the study. The RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. The TEE was obtained by the multipoint, doubly labeled water method. After collecting a baseline urine sample, each participant received an oral dose of doubly labeled water composed of deuterium oxide and oxygen-18 (H2O). Subsequently, urine samples were collected on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 12th, 13th, and 14th days after the baseline collection and analyzed by mass spectrometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The older adults who were frail presented significantly lower PAEE (1453.7 [1561.9] vs 3336.1 [1829.3] kj/d, P < .01), PAL (1.4 [0.3] vs 1.9 [0.6], P = .04), and TEE (7919.0 [2151.9] vs 10442.4 [2148.0] kj/d, P < .01) than the older adults who were nonfrail. There was no difference in their RMRs (5673.3 [1569.2] vs 6062.0 [1891.7] kj/d, P = .57). Frailty has been associated with a smaller lean body mass and with a disease-related hypermetabolic state, which might explain the lack of difference in the RMR. The PAL of the older adults who were frail was below the recommended level for older adults and determined a lower PAEE and TEE when compared with older adults who were not frail. CONCLUSION: This study showed that low energy expenditure in physical activity is a main component of frailty. The PAL of the older adults who were frail was far below the recommended level for older adults.

Associação entre adiposidade, índice de massa corporal, força de preensão palmar e velocidade de marcha em idosos comunitários / Association between adiposity, body mass index, grip strength and walking speed in community-dwelling elderly

Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a relação entre índice de massa corporal e adiposidade com força de preensão palmar e velocidade de marcha em idosos. É um estudo transversal aninhado em um estudo de intervenção com idosos comunitários assistidos por Unidades Básicas de Saúde no Município de Diamantina/MG. Foram avaliados dados socioeconômicos, antropométricos, de adiposidade, clínicos, bioquímicos, de força de preensão palmar e de velocidade de marcha. Testes de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman e regressão linear foram utilizados na análise dos dados. Foram estudados 49 idosos, com idade média de 77,21 ± 6,24 anos e predomínio de mulheres (69,29%). Valores elevados de adiposidade e índice de massa corporal ocorreram respectivamente em 69,39% e 34,69% dos idosos. A análise de regressão, estratificada por gênero e ajustada por variáveis de controle, indica que os índices de massa corporal e adiposidade não se associaram à força de preensão palmar e à velocidade de marcha dos idosos. No entanto, na análise considerando a amostra geral, a adiposidade influenciou negativamente na força de preensão palmar (para cada aumento de 1% na adiposidade, há uma redução de 0,226 kg no valor desta variável). Em relação à velocidade de marcha, a cada aumento de um ano de vida há uma redução de 0,014 m/s no valor desta variável, e o aumento de cada kg na força causa um aumento de 0,0193 m/s na velocidade de marcha. Pode-se concluir que a adiposidade e a idade influenciaram negativamente na força de preensão palmar dos idosos avaliados, e maior força influenciou positivamente na velocidade de marcha. (AU)

The objective of this research is to evaluate the relationship between body mass index and adiposity with handgrip strength and gait speed in the elderly. It is a cross-sectional study nested in an intervention study with community-based elderly people assisted by Basic Health Units in the municipality of Diamantina/MG. Socioeconomic, anthropometric, adiposity, clinical, biochemical, handgrip strength and gait velocity data were evaluated. Pearson or Spearman correlation tests and linear regression were used in data analysis. We studied 49 elderly people, with mean age of 77.21 ± 6.24 years and predominance of women (69.29%). High values of adiposity and body mass index occurred respectively in 69.39% and 34.69% of the elderly. The results of the regression analysis, stratified by gender and adjusted for control variables, indicate that body mass index and adiposity were not associated with handgrip strength and gait speed of elderly. However, in the analysis considering the general sample, adiposity negatively influenced handgrip strength (for each increase of 1% in adiposity, there is a reduction of 0.226 kg in the value of this variable). Regarding the gait speed, for every full year of life, there is a reduction of 0.014 m/s in the value of this variable, and, for each kg increased in force, there is an increase of 0.0193 m/s in gait speed. It can be concluded that adiposity and age negatively influenced the handgrip strength of the evaluated elderly, and greater strength influenced positively in gait speed. (AU)

Fatores associados à autoavaliação negativa da saúde em idosos cadastrados nas unidades básicas de saúde / Factors associated with negative self-assessment of health in elderly enrolled in primary care units

INTRODUÇÃO: A autoavaliação do estado de saúde pode ser considerada um preditor significante e independente de funcionalidade e morbimortalidade em idosos. OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação de indicadores sociodemográficos, de saúde e funcionalidade com a autoavaliação negativa da saúde (AANS) em idosos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com uma amostra estratificada de idosos comunitários do município de Diamantina (MG), Brasil. Para avaliar a AANS e as variáveis sociodemográficas, de saúde e funcionalidade foi utilizado o Questionário BOAS ­ Brazil Old Age Schedule. Os testes Timed up & go e Functional reach foram aplicados para avaliar funcionalidade e risco de quedas, respectivamente. Para as análises univariadas utilizou-se o teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e o teste Qui-Quadrado de tendência linear (p ≤ 0,20). As análises múltiplas foram realizadas por meio de três modelos de regressão logística (p ≤ 0,05). RESULTADOS: 401 idosos participaram deste estudo. As variáveis que apresentaram associação significativa com a AANS foram: idade de 80 anos e mais (OR=1,81; IC95%=1,06-3,08), recurso financeiro insuficiente (OR=2,43; IC95%=1,55-3,78), histórico de quedas (OR=3,24; IC95%=1,71-6,14), hipertensão (OR=3,27; IC95%=1,37-7,81), doença neurológica (OR=2,36; IC95%=1,18-4,71), doença osteomioarticular (OR=2,18; IC95%=1,26-3,78), depressão (OR=3,87; IC95%=1,88-7,75), tempo de doença > 12 anos (OR=2,13; IC95%=1,12-4,03), uso de prótese dentária (OR=0,50; IC95%=0,28-0,89), tempo ≥ 10 segundos para realização do Timed up & go (OR=2,54; IC95%=1,62-3,10), incapacidade em 2 ou mais atividades de vida diária (OR=1,86; IC95%=1,17-2,95) e autorrelato de sentir menos energia (OR=2,60; IC95%=1,57-4,31). CONCLUSÃO: A AANS está associada a fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde e funcionalidade, indicando a necessidade de um cuidado integral à saúde do idoso.

INTRODUCTION: The self-assessment of health might be considered a significant and independent predictor of physical function, morbidity and mortality in older adults. OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between sociodemographic, health and physical functional data with negative self-assessment of health in elderly. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with a stratified sampling of communitydwelling from Diamantina (MG), Brazil. To evaluate the AANS and sociodemographic, health and functional variables Questionnaire the Brazil Old Age Schedule (BOAS). The Timed up & go test and the Functional Reach test were performed to assess physical function and risk of falls, respectively. Chi-square tests were used to analyze the univariate associations (p≤0.20). Multiple logistic regression models were created to identify the adjusted associated factors (p≤0.05). RESULTS: 401 older adults participated in this study. The variables that showed a significant association with the negative selfassessment of health were: 80 years or more (OR=1.81; IC95%=1.06-3.08), insufficient financial resource (OR=2.43; IC95%=1.55-3.78), history of falls (OR=3.24; IC95%=1.71-6.14), hypertension (OR=3.27; IC95%=1.37-7.81), neurological disease (OR=2.36; IC95%=1.18-4.71), osteomioarticular disease (OR=2.18; IC95%=1.26-3.78), depression (OR=3.87; IC95%=1.88-7.75), time of disease > 12 years (OR=2.13; IC95%=1.12-4.03), use of dental prosthesis (OR=0.50; IC95%=0.28-0.89), time ≥ 10 seconds to perform the Timed up & go (OR=2.54; IC95%=1.62-3.10), disability in two or more activities of daily living (OR=1.86; IC95%= 1.17-2.95) and self-report of less energy (OR=2.60; IC95%=1.57-4.31). CONCLUSION: The negative self-assessment of health was associated with sociodemographic, health and physical function factors, indicating the need of a comprehensive health care for this population. (AU)