Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with time spent sitting in military police.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between clinical and sociodemographic factors and time spent sitting in military police. METHOD: This is a cross-sectional study, with 432 military police officers from Eastern Regional Policing Command units of the Military Police of Bahia de Feira de Santana. Data collection took place from August to December 2022 through Google Forms using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS: Men predominated (82.35%), race/color was black (87.04%), the head of the family had completed higher education (47.69%) and police officers with a partner (81.94%). The risk of time spent sitting ≥ 180 minutes per day was lower in males (IRR < 1). Increasing age was associated with a lower risk of time spent sitting ≥ 180 minutes per day (IRR < 1). CONCLUSION: Male police officers with more years of experience were less exposed to sedentary behavior. Specific interventions and health policies aimed at combating sedentary behavior become relevant, aiming to promote health and prevent diseases.

Clinical and sociodemographic factors associated with time spent sitting in military police / Factores clínicos y sociodemográficos asociados al tiempo de permanencia en la policía militar / Fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos associados ao tempo gasto sentado em policiais militares

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association between clinical and sociodemographic factors and time spent sitting in military police. Method: This is a cross-sectional study, with 432 military police officers from Eastern Regional Policing Command units of the Military Police of Bahia de Feira de Santana. Data collection took place from August to December 2022 through Google Forms using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: Men predominated (82.35%), race/color was black (87.04%), the head of the family had completed higher education (47.69%) and police officers with a partner (81.94%). The risk of time spent sitting ≥ 180 minutes per day was lower in males (IRR < 1). Increasing age was associated with a lower risk of time spent sitting ≥ 180 minutes per day (IRR < 1). Conclusion: Male police officers with more years of experience were less exposed to sedentary behavior. Specific interventions and health policies aimed at combating sedentary behavior become relevant, aiming to promote health and prevent diseases.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Verificar la asociación entre factores clínicos y sociodemográficos y el tiempo de permanencia en la policía militar. Método: Estudio transversal, con 432 policías militares de unidades del Comando de Policía Regional Este de la Policía Militar de Bahía de Feira de Santana. La recolección de datos se realizó de agosto a diciembre de 2022 a través de Google Forms utilizando el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres (82,35%), la raza/color fue negra (87,04%), el jefe de familia tenía estudios superiores (47,69%) y los policías con pareja (81,94%). El riesgo de pasar tiempo sentado ≥ 180 minutos por día fue menor en los hombres (IRR < 1). El aumento de la edad se asoció con un menor riesgo de pasar tiempo sentado ≥ 180 minutos por día (IRR < 1). Conclusión: Los policías varones con más años de experiencia estuvieron menos expuestos al comportamiento sedentario. Cobran relevancia intervenciones y políticas de salud específicas dirigidas a combatir el sedentarismo, con el objetivo de promover la salud y prevenir enfermedades.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre fatores clínicos e sociodemográficos e o tempo gasto sentado em policiais militares. Método: Estudo transversal, com 432 policiais militares das unidades do Comando de Policiamento Regional Leste da Polícia Militar da Bahia de Feira de Santana. A coleta de dados ocorreu de agosto a dezembro de 2022 através do Google Forms constando o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física. Resultados: Predominaram homens (82,35%), raça/cor negra (87,04%), nível de escolaridade do chefe da família superior completo (47,69%) e policiais com companheiro(a) (81,94%). O risco do tempo gasto sentado ≥ 180 minutos por dia foi menor no sexo masculino (IRR < 1). O aumento da idade foi associado a menor risco de tempo gasto sentado ≥ 180 minutos por dia (IRR < 1). Conclusão: Policiais do sexo masculino e com mais anos de vida estavam menos expostos ao comportamento sedentário. Intervenções específicas e políticas de saúde voltadas ao combate do comportamento sedentário se tornam relevantes, visando à promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos.

Ensino remoto emergencial na graduação em enfermagem: relato de experiência na covid-19 / Enseñanza remota de emergencia en un curso de gradoen enfermería: informe de experiencia en covid-19 / Emergency remote teaching in nursing graduation: experience report during covid-19

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a experiência no ensino remoto emergencial para as aulas teóricas na graduação em Enfermagem em decorrência da COVID-19. Método: trata-se de um relato de experiência pautado na análise de Paulo Freire que aborda o processo de ensino remoto emergencial das aulas teóricas ocorrido em um curso de graduação em Enfermagem pertencente a uma instituição de ensino superior de Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, após as medidas de afastamento social em consequência da pandemia. Resultados: amparado pelo modelo de educação dialógica, o processo de ensino remoto emergencial das aulas demandou a aproximação de docentes e discentes à realidade virtual, além da reestruturação das estratégias de ensino adotadas pelo corpo docente. Conclusão: a experiência de ensino remoto perpassou pela capacitação e acompanhamento das docentes e discentes quanto o uso de ferramentas virtuais, bem como pela necessidade de readequação das estratégias de ensino, as quais variaram desde a realização de conferências virtuais até a elaboração conjunta de produtos que compuseram atividades avaliativas nesse ambiente.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la experiencia en la enseñanza remota de emergencia para clases teóricas en cursos de grado en enfermería como resultado del COVID-19. Método: se trata de un informe de experiencia basado en el análisis de Paulo Freire que enfoca el proceso de enseñanza remota de emergencia de clases teóricas en un curso de licenciatura en enfermería de una institución de educación superior en Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, después de las medidas de distanciamiento social como consecuencia de la pandemia. Resultados: respaldado en el modelo de educación dialógica, el proceso de enseñanza remota de emergencia de las clases demandó el acercamiento de docentes y estudiantes a la realidad virtual, además de reestructuración de las estrategias de enseñanza adoptadas por la facultad. Conclusión: la experiencia de enseñanza a distancia implicó la capacitación y seguimiento de docentes y estudiantes en el uso de herramientas virtuales, así como la necesidad de reajustar las estrategias de enseñanza, desde la realización de conferencias virtuales hasta la elaboración conjunta de productos para evaluar las actividades en este entorno.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the experience in emergency remote teaching for theoretical classes in undergraduate Nursing courses due to COVID-19. Method: this is an experience report based on Paulo Freire's analysis that addresses the emergency remote teaching process of theoretical classes in an undergraduate Nursing course belonging to a higher education institution in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, after measures of social exclusion due to the pandemic. Results: supported by the dialogical education model, the emergency remote teaching process of the classes demanded the approach of teachers and students to virtual reality and the restructuring of the teaching strategies adopted by the faculty. Conclusion: the remote teaching experience involved the training and monitoring of teachers and students regarding the use of virtual tools, and the need to readjust teaching strategies, from virtual conferences to the joint development of products that composed evaluative activities in this environment.

Ultraviolet A/blue light-emitting diode therapy for vulvovaginal candidiasis: a case presentation.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a frequent infection of the female genitourinary tract. It is considered the second most common genital infection in women, after bacterial vaginosis. VVC is treated with oral or topical azole derivatives. However, these agents may lead to adverse reactions and their chronic use might lead to resistance to antifungal agents. Given that the ultraviolet A/blue light-emitting diode (LED) is an electromagnetic radiation source with antimicrobial properties, it is hypothesized that this resource may be a non-drug alternative to the treatment of vulvovaginitis. A technical/experimental safety test was conducted to characterize the light source spectrum and temperature generation of the device, followed by a pilot study in a 52-year-old patient with a clinical diagnosis of VVC confirmed by culture and examination of fresh vaginal samples, owing to the presence of lumpy vaginal discharge and a complaint of pruritus. The vulva and vagina were exposed to 401 ± 5 nm ultraviolet A/blue LED irradiation in a single session, divided into two applications. A reassessment was performed 21 days after the treatment. The light-emitting device had a visible spectrum, in the violet and blue ranges, and a maximum temperature increase of 7 °C. During the reassessment, the culture was found to be negative for fungus, and the signs and symptoms of the patient had disappeared. A light-emitting device with a spectrum in the range of 401 ± 5 nm could potentially be an alternative treatment modality for women with VVC, as it led to the resolution of clinical and microbiological problems in our patient.

Blue light-emitting diode in healthy vaginal mucosa-a new therapeutic possibility.

A healthy female genital mucosa has an ecosystem that remains in balance through interactions between endogenous and exogenous factors. The light-emitting diode (LED) is a device that emits light at different wavelengths, with varying color and effects. Blue light in humans is most commonly used for antimicrobial purposes and has been already applied to treat facial acne and gastric bacteria. Although blue LED therapy in humans has been reported, its properties against vaginal infections have not yet been investigated. This study aims to test the safety and effects of 401 ± 5 nm blue LED on healthy vaginal mucosa. Phase I clinical trial involving 10 women between 18 and 45 years old with healthy vaginal mucosa. The participants were illuminated by 401 ± 5 nm blue LED for 30 min and anamnesis, oncotic cytology, and pH measurement were made again after 21/28 days of treatment. In the re-evaluation, adverse effects were investigated. The mean age was 27 ± 5.4 years and one of the women was excluded due to interruption of use of oral contraceptives. Oncotic cytology done before and after therapy showed that the composition of the microflora remained normal in all participants. Vaginal pH remained unchanged in eight of the women and had a reduction in one woman (5.0-4.0). No adverse effects were observed during or after illumination. 401 ± 5 nm blue LED did not generate any adverse effects or pathogenic changes in the microflora and vaginal pH. The effects of 401 ± 5 nm blue LED still need to be tested in vulvovaginal pathogens. Trial registration number: NCT03075046.

Tratamento da ferida por acidente ofídico: caso clínico / Tratamiento de la herida por accidente ofídico: caso clínico / Treatment of wound due to ophidic accident: clinical case

Introdução: Os acidentes ofídicos causados pelo gênero Bothrops ocasionam manifestações locais secundárias à ação inflamatória aguda doveneno e correspondem a 85% das notificações encaminhadas ao Ministério da Saúde. Objetivo: Relatar a evolução clínica de ferimento extensoem região de membro inferior por acidente ofídico, do gênero Bothrops, com necrose da fáscia muscular. Material e Método: Trata-se de umestudo descritivo e prospectivo, desenvolvido por meio de um caso clínico, acompanhado semanalmente, por meio dos sinais e sintomas clínicose evolução da ferida, fotografias e dados do prontuário eletrônico. Variáveis avaliadas: mensuração da lesão, exsudato, bordas, pele adjacente,dor, sangramento, sinais de infecção e desenvolvimento de tecidos inviáveis. Resultados: No tratamento, além de soro antiofídico específico eantibioticoterapia, utilizou-se soro fisiológico 0,9%, hidrogel polihexametileno de biguanida (PHMB) na concentração de 0,2% e oxigenoterapia.Evidenciou-se diminuição das dimensões da ferida, com contração das bordas e progressiva formação de tecido de granulação a cada avaliação.Conclusão: Não houve complicações durante a aplicação dos produtos utilizados. Proteção das bordas, orientações de especialistas da equipe desaúde e o tratamento coadjuvante com a câmara hiperbárica, também contribuíram para a regressão do ferimento.

Introduction: The snake bites due by the Bothrops genre cause local signs secondary to an acute inflammatory action of poison and correspondto 85% of notifications sent to the Ministry of Health. Objective: To report the clinical outcome of an extensive injury in the lower limb regiondue to an snake bites caused by a Bothrops, with necrosis of the muscle bundles. Method: This is a descriptive and prospective study, developedthrough a clinical case, weekly followed up through the observation of clinical signs and symptoms, as well as wound evolution, pictures and datafrom electronic medical records. Variables evaluated: lesion measurement, exudate, edges, adjacent skin, pain, bleeding, signs of infection anddevelopment of non viables tissues. Results: For treatment, in addition to specific antiophidic serum and antibiotic therapy, we used saline 0.9%,biguanide polihexamethilene hydrogel (PHMB) at a concentration of 0.2%, as well as and oxygen therapy. There was a decrease in wound size,with contraction of the edges and gradual formation of granulation tissue at each assessment. Conclusion: There were no complications duringthe application of the products used. Edge protection, guidance from specialists of the health team and the co-adjuvant treatment with hyperbaricchamber, also contributed to wound regression.

Introducción: Las mordeduras de serpientes causadas por Bothrops causan manifestaciones locales menores de la acción inflamatoria aguda delveneno y corresponden al 85% de las notificaciones enviadas al Ministerio de Salud. Objetivo: Reportar la evolución clínica de la lesión extensaen la región de extremidad inferior por mordedura de serpiente Bothrops, con necrosis de la fascia. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudiodescriptivo y prospectivo, desarrollado a través de un caso, semanal acompañada de signos y síntomas clínicos y la evolución de la herida, fotos ydatos de la historia clínica electrónica. Las variables evaluadas: medición de exudado de la lesión, bordes, piel adyacente, dolor, sangrado, signosde infección y el desarrollo de tejido no viable. Resultados: En el tratamiento, y antiveneno específico y antibióticos, se utilizó 0,9% de soluciónsalina, hidrogel polihexametileno biguanida (PHMB) a una concentración de 0,2%, y oxígeno. Se reveló una reducción de tamaño de la herida conla contracción de los bordes y la formación progresiva de tejido de granulación en cada evaluación. Conclusión: No hubo complicaciones durante laaplicación de los productos utilizados. Protección de los bordes, la orientación del equipo experto en salud y el tratamiento adyuvante con cámarahiperbárica, también contribuyeron a la regresión de la lesión.

Ingestive behavior and nitrogen balance of confined santa ines lambs fed diets containing soybean hulls.

The objective of this study was to assess the effect of substituting corn with soybean hulls on the ingestive behavior and nitrogen balance of Santa Ines lambs. A total of 25 lambs with an initial body weight of 20±2 kg at approximately six months of age, sheltered individually in stalls (1.10 m×1.0 m), considering an entirely casual experimental delineation. Soybean hulls were substituted for corn at 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1,000 g/kg of dry matter (DM). The time spent feeding, ruminating, masticating, and resting was not affected by the substitution of corn with soybean hulls. In fact, the feeding efficiency in g DM/h and the rumination efficiency in g DM/bolus increased linearly with soybean hull substitution in the feed. Although the nitrogen balance was not altered by the use of soybean hulls as a substitute for corn in the diets of Santa Ines lambs, the N ingested and N digested expressed in g/d, N retained as a percentage of that ingested, and N retained as a percentage of that digested displayed quadratic behavior. In conclusion, corn can be substituted with soybean hulls up to 1,000 g/kg of dry matter in the concentrate, without changing the ingestive behavior and nitrogen balance.

Establishing the reference range for T lymphocytes subpopulations in adults and children from Brazil.

In Brazil, the existing reference values for T-lymphocytes subsets are based on data originated in other countries. There is no local information on normal variation for these parameters in Brazilian adults and children. We evaluated the normal variation found in blood donors from five large Brazilian cities, in different regions, and in children living in Salvador, and Rio de Janeiro. All samples were processed by flow cytometry. The results were analyzed according to region, gender, and lifestyle of blood donors. A total of 641 adults (63% males), and 280 children (58% males) were involved in the study. The absolute CD3+, and CD4+ cells count were significantly higher for females (adults and children). Higher CD4+ cell count in adults was associated with smoking, while higher CD8+ count was found among female children. Higher counts, for all T-cells subsets, were detected in blood donors from southeast / south regions while those living in the northern region had the lowest values. Individuals from midwestern and northeastern regions had an intermediate count for all these cells subsets. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance. In Brazil, gender and smoking, were the main determinants of differences in T-lymphocytes reference values.

Establishing th reference range for t lymphocyes subpopulations in adults andd children from Brazil / Estabelecimento de valores de referencias para subpopulacoes de linfocitos T em adultos e criancas no Brasil

SUMMARY In Brazil, the existing reference values for T-lymphocytes subsets are based on data originated in other countries. There is no local information on normal variation for these parameters in Brazilian adults and children. We evaluated the normal variation found in blood donors from five large Brazilian cities, in different regions, and in children living in Salvador, and Rio de Janeiro. All samples were processed by flow cytometry. The results were analyzed according to region, gender, and lifestyle of blood donors. A total of 641 adults (63% males), and 280 children (58% males) were involved in the study. The absolute CD3+, and CD4+ cells count were significantly higher for females (adults and children). Higher CD4+ cell count in adults was associated with smoking, while higher CD8+ count was found among female children. Higher counts, for all T-cells subsets, were detected in blood donors from southeast / south regions while those living in the northern region had the lowest values. Individuals from midwestern and northeastern regions had an intermediate count for all these cells subsets. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance. In Brazil, gender and smoking, were the main determinants of differences in T-lymphocytes reference values. .

RESUMO Os valores de referências de linfócitos T existentes no Brasil são baseados em dados originados de outros países. Não existem dados locais da variação normal para estes parâmetros em adultos e crianças brasileiras. Avaliamos a variação normal encontrada em doadores de sangue de cinco grandes cidades brasileiras em diferentes regiões e em crianças residentes em Salvador e Rio de Janeiro. Todas as amostras foram processadas por citometria de fluxo. Os resultados foram analisados de acordo com região, gênero e estilo de vida dos doadores. Um total de 641 adultos (63% homens) e 280 crianças (58% meninos) participaram do estudo. Valores absolutos de CD3+ e CD4+ foram significantemente maiores no gênero feminino (adultos e crianças). Maiores valores de CD4+ em adultos foram associados com tabagismo, enquanto que maiores valores de CD8+ foram encontrados entre crianças do sexo feminino. Adultos das regiões sul e sudeste apresentaram maiores valores absolutos para todas as células T enquanto que adultos da região norte, apresentaram menores valores. Indivíduos residentes no nordeste e centro-oeste obtiveram contagens intermediárias para todas as populações de células T. Entretanto, estas diferenças entre as regiões, não demonstraram diferença estatística. No Brasil, gênero e tabagismo foram os principais determinantes para diferenças em valores de referências de linfócitos T. .

Acute HIV infection with rapid progression to AIDS.

Acute HIV infection is rarely recognized as the signs and symptoms are normally unspecific and can persist for days or weeks. The normal HIV course is characterized by a progressive loss of CD4+ cells, which normally leads to severe immunodeficiency after a variable time interval. The mean time from initial infection to development of clinical AIDS is approximately 8-10 years, but it is variable among individuals and depends on a complex interaction between virus and host. Here we describe an extraordinary case of a man who developed Pneumocisits jiroveci pneumonia within one month after sexual exposure to HIV-1, and then presented with 3 consecutive CD4 counts bellow 200 cells/mm³ within 3 months, with no other opportunistic disease. Although antiretroviral therapy (AZT+3TC+ATZ/r) was started, with full adherence of the patient, and genotyping indicating no primary antiretroviral resistance mutations, he required more than six months to have a CD4 restoration to levels above 200 cells/mm³ and 10 months to HIV-RNA to become undetectable.

Acute HIV infection with rapid progression to AIDS

Acute HIV infection is rarely recognized as the signs and symptoms are normally unspecific and can persist for days or weeks. The normal HIV course is characterized by a progressive loss of CD4+ cells, which normally leads to severe immunodeficiency after a variable time interval. The mean time from initial infection to development of clinical AIDS is approximately 8-10 years, but it is variable among individuals and depends on a complex interaction between virus and host. Here we describe an extraordinary case of a man who developed Pneumocisits jiroveci pneumonia within one month after sexual exposure to HIV-1, and then presented with 3 consecutive CD4 counts bellow 200 cells/mm³ within 3 months, with no other opportunistic disease. Although antiretroviral therapy (AZT+3TC+ATZ/r) was started, with full adherence of the patient, and genotyping indicating no primary antiretroviral resistance mutations, he required more than six months to have a CD4 restoration to levels above 200 cells/mm³ and 10 months to HIV-RNA to become undetectable.

Avaliação da implementação do pacto de indicadores da atenção básica em Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde no Brasil / Evaluation of the implementation of the pact of indicators of basic care in State Secretariats of Health in Brazil

O pacto de indicadores da atenção básica consiste num instrumento nacional de negociação entre as três instâncias de gestão do SUS tendo vigorado de 1999 a 2006. Com o objetivo de avaliar o processo de pactuação de indicadores da atenção básica desencadeado pelas Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde, no ano de 2006, e sua relação com contexto institucional, foi realizada uma pesquisa avaliativa, utilizando como estratégia de pesquisa o estudo de casos múltiplos, numa abordagem qualitativa. Foi elaborado o modelo lógico da intervenção explicitando os elementos relacionados ao processo de pactuação no que diz respeito a insumos, atividades, produtos e resultados de médio e longo prazos esperados, e uma matriz de avaliação contendo indicadores e padrões de julgamento. Os componentes do processo de pactuação definidos foram: articulação/mobilização, produção da informação, homologação, monitoramento e avaliação, e as dimensões estratégicas que conformam o contexto institucional das Secretarias Estaduais de Saúde foram: política, técnica, organizacional. Foram avaliadas três secretarias, em diferentes regiões do país, dos estados do Amapá, Maranhão e Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados revelam diferentes graus de implementação dos componentes do pacto da atenção básica nos três casos estudados. O componente articulação e mobilização foi classificado como totalmente implementado para o caso do nordeste (Maranhão) e parcialmente implementado para os casos do norte (Amapá) e do sudeste (Rio de Janeiro). A produção da informação foi classificada como não implementado nos três casos. O componente homologação no caso do nordeste foi classificado como totalmente implementado, no caso do sudeste como parcialmente implementado e o caso do norte como não implementado. O componente monitoramento e avaliação foi considerado como não implementado para os três casos. O processo de pactuação revelou-se mais dinamizador no aspecto da visibilidade e credibilidade perante as instâncias de deliberação e pactuação do SUS, no desenvolvimento de práticas que fortalecem a municipalização do SUS e de processos de trabalho integrados entre os setores estratégicos, no entanto, ainda predominam características de pacto burocrático, por ser entendido como uma demanda do ministério da saúde aos estados e municípios, pontual, fragmentado e sem efetivo monitoramento por parte dos gestores das três instâncias do SUS. O estudo revelou a subutilização do pacto como instrumento para melhoria no desempenho dos serviços da atenção básica com repercussão direta sobre a situação de saúde da população.