Outcomes of post-exposure vaccination by modified vaccinia Ankara to prevent mpox (formerly monkeypox): a retrospective observational study in Lyon, France, June to August 2022.

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara vaccine (MVA-BN; Bavarian Nordic) is recommended to contacts of mpox cases up to 14 days post-exposure but the effectiveness of this strategy is unknown. Among 108 adults (≥ 18 years old) who received one dose of MVA-BN after exposure to mpox, 11 (10%) cases of breakthrough mpox were observed. Sexual exposure was associated with the risk of breakthrough mpox (p = 0.0179). Samples taken from vaccinated breakthrough mpox cases had similar rates of infectious virus isolation than unvaccinated mpox cases.

[Differences between species involved and fluoroquinolone resistance patterns of strains isolated from bacteriuria according to nosocomial, health-related or community-acquired onset]. / Différences d'espèces en cause et de résistance aux fluoroquinolones des souches isolées dans les bactériuries selon leur caractère nosocomial, lié au soin ou communautaire.

PURPOSE: To describe and to compare species and antibiotics resistance patterns of bacteria involved among bacteriuria from hospital and city laboratories and among health-related and community-acquired bacteriuria. METHODS: Epidemiologic transversal study conducted among Bacteriology laboratories of University Hospital (UH) and the whole city of Reims, during the week 21 to 26 June 2010. A standardized investigation form was completed after telephonical interview with the prescriber. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-nine strains have been isolated among 179 urocultures. One hundred and seven strains were isolated in city laboratories and 82 in UH laboratory. Strains were community-acquired, health-related and nosocomial in 136, 22 and 31 cases, respectively. More Gram positive bacteria and ofloxacin resistant strains were isolated among UH strains (P=0.001 and P=0.015, respectively) and among health-related strains (P=0.01 and P=0.003, respectively). When analysis was restricted only to Enterobacteriaceae or to Escherichia coli, the ofloxacin resistance rate was no more elevated among health-related or UH strains. Ofloxacin resistant Enterobacteriaceae were more frequently resistant to all other classes of antibiotics except nitrofurans. DISCUSSION: Strains isolated in health-related bacteriuria are more frequently ofloxacin resistant principally because of the greater proportion of Gram positive bacteria and because of a non-significant higher ofloxacin resistance rate among Enterobacteriaceae. Numerous studies only focus on Enterobacteriaceae, and the data from our study need to be confirmed on larger samples, in order to validate the predictive value of health-related bacteriuria for ofloxacin resistance.

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus bacteraemia accounts for one third of Staphylococcus bacteraemia in a French university hospital.

BACKGROUND: We sought to determine the epidemiological patterns of Staphylococcus bacteraemia, with a focus on the proportion of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) as compared to Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia, and the prognosis. METHODS: All patients with significant Staphylococcus bacteraemia at the university hospital in Reims in 2008 were included in the study. Data were retrieved retrospectively from the patient records using a standardized case investigation form. Quantitative variables were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test and qualitative variables were compared using Fisher's exact test or Pearson's Chi-square test, as appropriate. Bivariate logistic regression was performed on both S. aureus and CoNS bacteraemia. All variables with a p-value of < 0.15 were entered into a multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS: CoNS represented 31.6% of all strains isolated. The methicillin resistance rate was higher in CoNS (66.1%) than in S. aureus (19.1%) (p < 0.0001). CoNS were more frequently associated with intravascular catheters and neoplastic disease, whereas S. aureus was associated with chronic renal failure (p < 0.0001) and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.004). Mortality was 30.7% for S. aureus and 19.6% for CoNS bacteraemia (p = 0.12). Methicillin resistance was not associated with mortality (p = 0.99). Factors independently associated with mortality in CoNS and S. aureus bacteraemia were age and acute renal failure. The presence of severe sepsis/septic shock was only associated with mortality in S. aureus bacteraemia. CONCLUSIONS: CoNS represent one third of Staphylococcus bacteraemia. The mortality difference between CoNS and S. aureus bacteraemia was not statistically significant. Acute renal failure is associated with mortality in both S. aureus and CoNS bacteraemia.