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1.
Ophthalmic Genet ; 42(1): 84-87, 2021 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33465332

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cat eye syndrome (CES) is a rare chromosomal disorder with a known incidence of 1 per 50,000-150,000 live newborns. The classic triad of iris coloboma, anorectal malformations, and auricular abnormalities is present in 40% of patients. In addition, other ocular malformations and systemic defects can be present. The aim of this report is to present a patient with unilateral iris coloboma related to a mosaicism of cat eye syndrome. METHODS: A complete ophthalmological and systemic evaluation was performed in a three-year-old male. He also underwent a standard karyotype and FISH analysis with a probe against the 22q11.2 locus. RESULTS: The ophthalmological and systemic evaluation revealed a unilateral iris coloboma and ipsilateral auricular malformations. Karyotype analysis of blood leukocytes indicated the presence of a marker chromosome in 6% of the analyzed cells. FISH analysis showed three positive signals in 5.5% of the analyzed nucleus. CONCLUSION: This patient presented two of the three classic manifestations of CES; interestingly, they were unilateral. The 22q11 duplication was identified by standard karyotype and confirmed with FISH. The present case demonstrates the importance of conducting a multidisciplinary approach in patients with congenital malformations associated with known syndromes.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Disorders/pathology , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22/genetics , Coloboma/complications , Eye Abnormalities/pathology , Iris Diseases/complications , Mosaicism , Phenotype , Aneuploidy , Child, Preschool , Chromosome Disorders/etiology , Eye Abnormalities/etiology , Genetic Markers , Humans , Karyotyping , Male
2.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 59(3): 111-117, 1 ago., 2014. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-125693

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) es una neuropatía que afecta los nervios motores y sensitivos, y la CMT1A es el subtipo más frecuente en el mundo. La CMT1A se produce por una duplicación de 1,5 Mb en el locus 17p11.2-p12, donde se localiza el gen PMP22. Para el diagnóstico de CMT1A es importante contar con técnicas moleculares específicas para la determinación de esta mutación. Objetivos. Establecer un método de uso rutinario para detectar la duplicación de PMP22 en la población mexicana y estimar su frecuencia en pacientes con características clínicas para la CMT. Pacientes y métodos. Se analizaron 157 pacientes mexicanos no relacionados entre sí, diagnosticados de CMT por valoración clínica. La determinación de la duplicación de PMP22 se realizó a través de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real mediante el método comparativo 2-ΔΔCT. Resultados. El método 2-ΔΔCT para detectar la duplicación del gen PMP22 mostró ser sensible y fiable. Los resultados fueron consistentes con los obtenidos mediante la técnica de hibridación in situ fluorescente. Se detectó la duplicación de PMP22 en 79 pacientes (50,3%), con un comportamiento similar a lo comunicado en Estados Unidos, Australia, Finlandia, Suecia y España. Sin embargo, se observó que existen diferencias con otras poblaciones. Conclusiones. La técnica de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa se implementó como un diagnóstico molecular de CMT1A eficaz y de bajo coste, por lo que puede utilizarse rutinariamente en México. Esto es esencial para el asesoramiento genético y el tratamiento oportuno de los pacientes con CMT. La frecuencia de la duplicación del gen PMP22 varía entre regiones geográficas, por lo que es importante estimarla en diferentes poblaciones (AU)


Introduction. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a neuropathy that affects sensory and motor nerves. The most common CMT subtype is CMT1A due to a PMP22 duplication of a 1.5 Mb fragment on the 17p11.2-p12. The development of a specific molecular technique that detects the PMP22 duplication is necessary for the diagnosis of CMT1A. Aim. To establish a routinary test for detection of the PMP22 gene duplication in Mexican population and to estimate the CMT1A frequency in patients clinically diagnosed as CMT. Patients and methods. A cohort of 157 individuals clinically diagnosed as CMT were analyzed. The detection of the PMP22 gene duplication was performed using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT qPCR method. Results. The comparative 2-ΔΔCT method was sensitive and reliable for the detection of the PMP22 duplication. In order to validate the testing, data was compared with FISH results. Duplication of PMP22 was detected in 79 patients (50.3%). Although CMT1A frequency is different among populations, in Mexican patients it was similar with other populations such as United States, Australia, Finland, Sweden and Spain. Conclusions. The qPCR technique is an accurate and inexpensive method for the diagnosis of CMT1A. This method can be routinely used in México where CMT1A represents ≈ 50% of CMT cases. Molecular diagnosis of CMT1A is essential for the genetic counseling and treatment of patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Gene Duplication/genetics , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/genetics , Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/genetics , Mexico/epidemiology , Pathology, Molecular/methods , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Genetic Counseling
3.
Rev Neurol ; 59(3): 111-7, 2014 Aug 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25030070

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a neuropathy that affects sensory and motor nerves. The most common CMT subtype is CMT1A due to a PMP22 duplication of a 1.5 Mb fragment on the 17p11.2-p12. The development of a specific molecular technique that detects the PMP22 duplication is necessary for the diagnosis of CMT1A. AIM: To establish a routinary test for detection of the PMP22 gene duplication in Mexican population and to estimate the CMT1A frequency in patients clinically diagnosed as CMT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 157 individuals clinically diagnosed as CMT were analyzed. The detection of the PMP22 gene duplication was performed using the comparative 2-ΔΔCT qPCR method. RESULTS: The comparative 2-ΔΔCT method was sensitive and reliable for the detection of the PMP22 duplication. In order to validate the testing, data was compared with FISH results. Duplication of PMP22 was detected in 79 patients (50.3%). Although CMT1A frequency is different among populations, in Mexican patients it was similar with other populations such as United States, Australia, Finland, Sweden and Spain. CONCLUSIONS: The qPCR technique is an accurate and inexpensive method for the diagnosis of CMT1A. This method can be routinely used in Mexico where CMT1A represents ≍ 50% of CMT cases. Molecular diagnosis of CMT1A is essential for the genetic counseling and treatment of patients.


TITLE: Deteccion de la duplicacion del gen PMP22 en pacientes con neuropatia periferica: estudio en la poblacion mexicana.Introduccion. La enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) es una neuropatia que afecta los nervios motores y sensitivos, y la CMT1A es el subtipo mas frecuente en el mundo. La CMT1A se produce por una duplicacion de 1,5 Mb en el locus 17p11.2-p12, donde se localiza el gen PMP22. Para el diagnostico de CMT1A es importante contar con tecnicas moleculares especificas para la determinacion de esta mutacion. Objetivos. Establecer un metodo de uso rutinario para detectar la duplicacion de PMP22 en la poblacion mexicana y estimar su frecuencia en pacientes con caracteristicas clinicas para la CMT. Pacientes y metodos. Se analizaron 157 pacientes mexicanos no relacionados entre si, diagnosticados de CMT por valoracion clinica. La determinacion de la duplicacion de PMP22 se realizo a traves de reaccion en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real mediante el metodo comparativo 2­ΔΔCT. Resultados. El metodo 2­ΔΔCT para detectar la duplicacion del gen PMP22 mostro ser sensible y fiable. Los resultados fueron consistentes con los obtenidos mediante la tecnica de hibridacion in situ fluorescente. Se detecto la duplicacion de PMP22 en 79 pacientes (50,3%), con un comportamiento similar a lo comunicado en Estados Unidos, Australia, Finlandia, Suecia y España. Sin embargo, se observo que existen diferencias con otras poblaciones. Conclusiones. La tecnica de reaccion en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa se implemento como un diagnostico molecular de CMT1A eficaz y de bajo coste, por lo que puede utilizarse rutinariamente en Mexico. Esto es esencial para el asesoramiento genetico y el tratamiento oportuno de los pacientes con CMT. La frecuencia de la duplicacion del gen PMP22 varia entre regiones geograficas, por lo que es importante estimarla en diferentes poblaciones.


Subject(s)
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/genetics , Gene Duplication , Myelin Proteins/genetics , Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease/ethnology , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics , Female , Gene Frequency , Humans , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/economics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/economics , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
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