ABSTRACT
Patients with sickle cell disease are at increased risk for multiple infections including osteomyelitis. The most reported causative organisms are Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Anaerobic infections including Bacteroides fragilis are not commonly seen. Here, we report the first case of a 28-year-old female patient with sickle cell disease and acute hematogenous Bacteroides fragilis tibial osteomyelitis. Diagnosis was made by isolating the organism from blood and tibial fluid cultures. The patient was successfully managed with a course of intravenous followed by oral antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of collection and responded well. This case report will shed light on the importance of Bacteroides fragilis as a causative organism for osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease patients, thereby affecting the management of these patients.
ABSTRACT
Despite the development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines, many regions remain poorly covered. Seeking alternative tools for achieving immunity against COVID-19 remains to be of high importance. "Trained immunity" is the nonspecific immune response usually established through administering live attenuated vaccines and is a potential preventive tool against unrelated infections. Evidence regarding a possible protective role for certain live attenuated vaccines against COVID-19 has emerged mainly for those administered as part of childhood vaccination protocols. This review summarizes the relevant literature about the potential impact of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines on COVID-19. Existing available data suggest a potential role for BCG and MMR in reducing COVID-19 casualties and burden. However, more investigation and comparative studies are required for a better understanding of their impact on COVID-19 outcomes.
