ABSTRACT
Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In 'VII: family medicine across the lifespan', authors address the following themes: 'Family medicine maternity care', 'Seeing children as patients brings joy to work', 'Family medicine and the care of adolescents', 'Reproductive healthcare across the lifespan', 'Men's health', 'Care of older adults', and 'Being with dying'. May readers appreciate the range of family medicine in these essays.
Subject(s)
Family Practice , Maternal Health Services , Pregnancy , Adolescent , Child , Humans , Female , Aged , Longevity , Physicians, Family , Health FacilitiesABSTRACT
Lichen planus has been associated with several precipitating factors, such as drugs, immunizations, and viral infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). Eruptive or disseminated lichen planus is a rare variation that most often presents as an acute, widespread exanthem that progresses rapidly and usually lasts for a shorter duration. This variation has not been well studied, and little is known about the etiologies and treatments of this rare form. Thus far, only a few cases of eruptive lichen planus have been reported to be associated with HCV infection. We report a case a 62-year-old woman who presented with a rapidly progressive, diffuse, pruritic rash of the trunk, upper extremities, and thighs that was determined to be eruptive lichen planus secondary to chronic HCV infection. The patient was treated with topical steroids and oral antihistamines, and her rash spontaneously resolved approximately six months after the initial presentation.
ABSTRACT
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is a major component of the reticular activating system (RAS) that regulates waking and REM sleep, states of high-frequency EEG activity. Recently, we described the presence of high threshold, voltage-dependent N- and P/Q-type calcium channels in RAS nuclei that subserve gamma band oscillations in the mesopontine PPN, intralaminar parafascicular nucleus (Pf), and pontine subcoeruleus nucleus dorsalis (SubCD). Cortical gamma band activity participates in sensory perception, problem solving, and memory. Rather than participating in the temporal binding of sensory events as in the cortex, gamma band activity in the RAS may participate in the processes of preconscious awareness, and provide the essential stream of information for the formulation of many of our actions. That is, the RAS may play an early permissive role in volition. Our latest results suggest that (1) the manifestation of gamma band activity during waking may employ a separate intracellular pathway compared to that during REM sleep, (2) neuronal calcium sensor (NCS-1) protein, which is over expressed in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, modulates gamma band oscillations in the PPN in a concentration-dependent manner, (3) leptin, which undergoes resistance in obesity resulting in sleep dysregulation, decreases sodium currents in PPN neurons, accounting for its normal attenuation of waking, and (4) following our discovery of electrical coupling in the RAS, we hypothesize that there are cell clusters within the PPN that may act in concert. These results provide novel information on the mechanisms controlling high-frequency activity related to waking and REM sleep by elements of the RAS.
