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1.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 112(6): 775-781, Jun. 2019. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1011221

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Physical activity (PA) and appropriate diet, if adopted in childhood and adolescence, may reduce the CVD burden in later life. The Olympic Experimental Gymnasium (OEG) project was implemented to increase the PA levels of students by means of regular physical exercise and healthy eating habits. Objectives: To estimate and compare the prevalence of CVD risk factors in OEG schools versus regular schools (RSch) and to examine associations between the school environment and CVD risk factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study with a comparator group, adolescents aged 12-13 years attending three OEG schools (n = 719) and three RSch (n = 394) were evaluated after one year of the ongoing program to estimate the prevalence of overweight, pre-hypertension/hypertension, altered glycemia, and lipid profile. An α level of 0.05 was set for statistical analysis. Results: RSch students had higher odds to have high blood pressure (OR 1.86, 1.36-2.54) and to be overweight (OR 1.49, 1.13-1.98) than OEG students. Glucose levels were not altered in most cases regardless of school type, and no differences were found in lipid profile. In the sensitivity analysis stratified by gender, girls from RSch were more likely to have high body mass index than boys. Conclusions: Exposure of adolescents to the OEG policies was positively associated with an important reduction in CVD risk factors, including high blood pressure and overweight.


Resumo Fundamento: A doença cardiovascular (DCV) é a principal causa de morte em todo o mundo. A atividade física (AF) e uma dieta adequada, quando adotadas na infância e na adolescência, podem reduzir a carga da DCV na fase adulta. O projeto "Ginásio Experimental Olímpico (GEO)" foi implementado para aumentar os níveis de AF dos estudantes por meio de AF regular e hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Objetivos: estimar e comparar a prevalência dos fatores de risco para DCV em GEOs versus escolas regulares (ERs), e avaliar associações entre o meio escolar e os fatores de risco cardiovascular. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal que incluiu um grupo de comparação, estudantes com idade entre 12 e 13 anos de três GEOs (n = 719) e três ERs (n = 394) foram avaliados após um ano de participação no programa para estimar a prevalência de sobrepeso, pré-hipertensão/hipertensão, e de glicemia e perfil lipídico alterados. Um α de 0,05 foi usado para inferências estatísticas. Resultados: Estudantes de ERs apresentaram maior chance de serem hipertensos (OR 1,86; 1,36-2,54) e apresentarem sobrepeso (OR 1,49; 1,13-1,98) que estudantes de GEOs. A glicemia não estava alterada na maioria dos casos, independentemente do tipo da escola, e não houve diferenças quanto ao perfil lipídico. Na análise de sensibilidade estratificada por gênero, estudantes do sexo feminino das ERs apresentaram maior probabilidade de apresentarem índice de massa corporal elevado que os do sexo masculino. Conclusão: A exposição dos adolescentes às políticas adotadas pelos GEOs associou-se positivamente com uma importante redução nos fatores de risco para DCV, incluindo hipertensão e sobrepeso.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Sports/statistics & numerical data , Students/statistics & numerical data , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Healthy Lifestyle
2.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 112(6): 775-781, 2019 06.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30970142

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Physical activity (PA) and appropriate diet, if adopted in childhood and adolescence, may reduce the CVD burden in later life. The Olympic Experimental Gymnasium (OEG) project was implemented to increase the PA levels of students by means of regular physical exercise and healthy eating habits. OBJECTIVES: To estimate and compare the prevalence of CVD risk factors in OEG schools versus regular schools (RSch) and to examine associations between the school environment and CVD risk factors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study with a comparator group, adolescents aged 12-13 years attending three OEG schools (n = 719) and three RSch (n = 394) were evaluated after one year of the ongoing program to estimate the prevalence of overweight, pre-hypertension/hypertension, altered glycemia, and lipid profile. An α level of 0.05 was set for statistical analysis. RESULTS: RSch students had higher odds to have high blood pressure (OR 1.86, 1.36-2.54) and to be overweight (OR 1.49, 1.13-1.98) than OEG students. Glucose levels were not altered in most cases regardless of school type, and no differences were found in lipid profile. In the sensitivity analysis stratified by gender, girls from RSch were more likely to have high body mass index than boys. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of adolescents to the OEG policies was positively associated with an important reduction in CVD risk factors, including high blood pressure and overweight.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Sports/statistics & numerical data , Students/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Healthy Lifestyle , Humans , Male , Prevalence , Risk Factors
3.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 31(6): 630-642, nov.- dez. 2018. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-979931

ABSTRACT

Background: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a well-known predictor of mortality in patients with valvular heart disease (VHD). The assessment of RV function is often difficult due to complex geometry and hemodynamic factors. Objective: We aim to analyze RV function in patients with severe mitral and/or aortic valve disease using two-dimensional strain (2DS) imaging and conventional echocardiographic parameters, comparing it with right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) measured by three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE). Methods: Fifty-three patients with severe mitral and/or aortic VHD underwent complete transthoracic echocardiogram in the preoperative setting for cardiac surgery, including conventional echocardiographic parameters of RV function and speckle-tracking derived 2DS indices: RV global longitudinal strain (RVGS) and RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWS). Conventional echocardiographic and 2DS parameters were compared with real-time 3DE RVEF using Spearman correlation test. For comparison between two groups of patients based on the presence of RV dysfunction (normal RVEF ≥ 44% - A, abnormal RVEF < 44% - B), we used nonparametric Mann-Whitney U test. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis was used to assess the clinical utility of all RV function variables in defining RV dysfunction. P values <0,05 were considered statistically significant.Results: We found a significant correlation between all parameters and RVEF (p<0.05), with best results for RV fractional area change (FAC), RVGS, and RVFWS. Dividing the population into two-groups based on RVEF, we found 14 patients with RV dysfunction (27.4%), and significant differences between the groups for all RV function variables. For detection of RV dysfunction defined by 3DE, ROC curve analysis showed the best area under the curve (AUC) for RVGS (0.872), RVFWS (0.851) and FAC (0.932). Conclusions: We observed significant correlation between RVGS, RVFWS and RVEF, with good accuracy in detecting RV dysfunction, comparable to FAC and better than other conventional parameters of RV function assessment. The evaluation of RV myocardial deformation with 2DS may have additional diagnostic and prognostic value in patients with severe left-sided VHD


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Echocardiography/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/physiopathology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/diagnostic imaging , Heart Valve Diseases/etiology , Aortic Valve , Atrial Fibrillation , Stroke Volume , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Risk Factors , Analysis of Variance , Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional/methods , Mitral Valve
5.
Braz J Cardiovasc Surg ; 33(1): 1-7, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29617494

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has been an alternative to invasive treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in high risk patients. The primary endpoint was 30-day and 1-year mortality from any cause. Secondary endpoints were to compare the clinical and echocardiographic variation pre-and post- transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and the occurrence of complications throughout a 4-year follow-up period. METHODS: This prospective cohort, nestled to a multicenter study (Registro Brasileiro de Implante de Bioprótese por Cateter), describes the experience of a public tertiary center in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. All patients who underwent this procedure between October 2011 and February 2016 were included. RESULTS: Fifty-eight patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The 30-day all-cause mortality was 5.2% (n=3) and after 1 year was 17.2% (n=10). A significant improvement in New York Heart Association functional classification was observed when comparing pre-and post- transcatheter aortic valve replacement (III or IV 84.4% versus 5.8%; P<0.001). A decline in peak was observed (P<0.001) and mean (P<0.001) systolic transaortic gradient. The results of peak and mean post-implant transaortic gradient were sustained after one year (P=0.29 and P=0.36, respectively). Left ventricular ejection fraction did not change significantly during follow-up (P=0.41). The most frequent complications were bleeding (28.9%), the need for permanent pacemaker (27.6%) and acute renal injury (20.6%). CONCLUSION: Mortality and complications in this study were consistent with worldwide experience. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement had positive clinical and hemodynamic results, when comparing pre-and post-procedure, and the hemodynamic profile of the prosthesis was sustained throughout follow-up.


Subject(s)
Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methods , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Brazil , Echocardiography , Female , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Humans , Male , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/adverse effects , Treatment Outcome
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 110(3): 248-255, Mar. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888037

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths in the world, and many events could be prevented by healthy life habits. Objectives: To compare the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents enrolled at public schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, including a renowned school for sport practices. Methods: Cross-sectional study, convenience sampling of 422 students enrolled at the Experimental Olympic Gymnasium (EOG) and at Figueiredo Pimentel School (FP). Using descriptive analyses, continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile ranges, and the Student's t-test or the chi-square test, respectively, was used for comparisons. The sports were classified according to the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) (below or above 5). Results: We included 274 students enrolled at the EOG and 148 at FP. Mean age was similar between schools -12.5 ± 1.6 years at FP and 12.6 ± 0.9 at the EOG; 65.5% of the students at FP and 43.8% of the students at the EOG were female (p < 0.01). Significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension (20% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.01) and borderline cholesterol levels (27.7% vs. 17.3%, p = 0.01) were found between FP and EOG students, respectively. Conclusion: High prevalence of hypertension, overweight/obesity and altered blood lipid profile was found in this group of adolescents. Regular sports training program combined with little influence of their eating habits outside school may contribute to a better metabolic profile and reduction in cardiovascular risk factors in students. Public health measures are also need.


Resumo Fundamento: As doenças cardiovasculares são a maior causa de mortes no mundo e muitos eventos poderiam ser evitados por meio de hábitos saudáveis de vida. Objetivos: Comparar a ocorrência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em adolescentes de escolas públicas do município do Rio de Janeiro, sendo uma delas, modelo em práticas esportivas. Métodos: Estudo transversal; amostra de conveniência de 422 escolares do Ginásio Experimental Olímpico (GEO) e da Escola Municipal Figueiredo Pimentel (FP). Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados utilizando média e desvio-padrão (DP) ou mediana e intervalo interquartil para variáveis contínuas (testes t de Student e qui-quadrado para comparação, respectivamente). As modalidades esportivas foram classificadas de acordo com o equivalente metabólico (MET), se abaixo ou acima de 5. Resultados: duzentos e setenta e quatro alunos eram do GEO e 148 da FP. A média de idade era semelhante - 12,5 ± 1,6 na EMFP e 12,6 ± 0,9 no GEO; 65,5% dos alunos eram do sexo feminino na FP e 43,8% no GEO (p < 0,01). Da amostra geral, 40% apresentaram sobrepeso ou obesidade. Observaram-se diferenças entre a prevalência de hipertensão (20% vs. 6,3%; p < 0,01 nos alunos da FP e do GEO, respectivamente) e de níveis de colesterol total considerados limítrofes (27,7% vs. 17,3%; p = 0,01 na FP e no GEO, respectivamente). Conclusão: Hipertensão, sobrepeso/obesidade e lipidograma capilar alterado foram muito prevalentes nos adolescentes. Um programa de treinamento esportivo regular com menos interferência alimentar extraescola parece contribuir para um melhor perfil metabólico e menor risco cardiovascular entre estudantes. Ainda, medidas efetivas de saúde pública são necessárias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Sports/physiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Risk Assessment/methods , Exercise Movement Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Healthy Lifestyle/physiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Brazil/epidemiology , Exercise/physiology , Hypertriglyceridemia/complications , Hypertriglyceridemia/prevention & control , Body Mass Index , Nutritional Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Hypercholesterolemia/complications , Hypercholesterolemia/prevention & control , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/prevention & control , Hypertension/epidemiology
7.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 110(3): 248-255, 2018 Mar.
Article in Portuguese, English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29466486

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of deaths in the world, and many events could be prevented by healthy life habits. OBJECTIVES: To compare the occurrence of cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents enrolled at public schools in the city of Rio de Janeiro, including a renowned school for sport practices. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, convenience sampling of 422 students enrolled at the Experimental Olympic Gymnasium (EOG) and at Figueiredo Pimentel School (FP). Using descriptive analyses, continuous variables were expressed as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile ranges, and the Student's t-test or the chi-square test, respectively, was used for comparisons. The sports were classified according to the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) (below or above 5). RESULTS: We included 274 students enrolled at the EOG and 148 at FP. Mean age was similar between schools -12.5 ± 1.6 years at FP and 12.6 ± 0.9 at the EOG; 65.5% of the students at FP and 43.8% of the students at the EOG were female (p < 0.01). Significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension (20% vs. 6.3%, p < 0.01) and borderline cholesterol levels (27.7% vs. 17.3%, p = 0.01) were found between FP and EOG students, respectively. CONCLUSION: High prevalence of hypertension, overweight/obesity and altered blood lipid profile was found in this group of adolescents. Regular sports training program combined with little influence of their eating habits outside school may contribute to a better metabolic profile and reduction in cardiovascular risk factors in students. Public health measures are also need.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Exercise Movement Techniques/statistics & numerical data , Healthy Lifestyle/physiology , Risk Assessment/methods , Sports/physiology , Students/statistics & numerical data , Adolescent , Body Mass Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Exercise/physiology , Exercise Movement Techniques/methods , Female , Humans , Hypercholesterolemia/complications , Hypercholesterolemia/epidemiology , Hypercholesterolemia/prevention & control , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/epidemiology , Hypertension/prevention & control , Hypertriglyceridemia/complications , Hypertriglyceridemia/epidemiology , Hypertriglyceridemia/prevention & control , Male , Nutritional Status , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric
8.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 33(1): 1-7, Jan.-Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897979

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement has been an alternative to invasive treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis in high risk patients. The primary endpoint was 30-day and 1-year mortality from any cause. Secondary endpoints were to compare the clinical and echocardiographic variation pre-and post- transcatheter aortic valve replacement, and the occurrence of complications throughout a 4-year follow-up period. Methods: This prospective cohort, nestled to a multicenter study (Registro Brasileiro de Implante de Bioprótese por Cateter), describes the experience of a public tertiary center in transcatheter aortic valve replacement. All patients who underwent this procedure between October 2011 and February 2016 were included. Results: Fifty-eight patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The 30-day all-cause mortality was 5.2% (n=3) and after 1 year was 17.2% (n=10). A significant improvement in New York Heart Association functional classification was observed when comparing pre-and post- transcatheter aortic valve replacement (III or IV 84.4% versus 5.8%; P<0.001). A decline in peak was observed (P<0.001) and mean (P<0.001) systolic transaortic gradient. The results of peak and mean post-implant transaortic gradient were sustained after one year (P=0.29 and P=0.36, respectively). Left ventricular ejection fraction did not change significantly during follow-up (P=0.41). The most frequent complications were bleeding (28.9%), the need for permanent pacemaker (27.6%) and acute renal injury (20.6%). Conclusion: Mortality and complications in this study were consistent with worldwide experience. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement had positive clinical and hemodynamic results, when comparing pre-and post-procedure, and the hemodynamic profile of the prosthesis was sustained throughout follow-up.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/methods , Severity of Illness Index , Brazil , Heart Valve Prosthesis/adverse effects , Echocardiography , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement/adverse effects
9.
Int J Cardiol ; 225: 123-127, 2016 Dec 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27718445

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The increasing use of conducted electronic weapons (CEW) cause concern regarding its secure application, specially regarding the implications in the cardiovascular system. METHODS: The objective was to determine Spark CEW safety through cardiovascular parameters analysis of healthy volunteers subjected to its use. RESULTS: Volunteers over 18years without cardiovascular disease or recent use of illegal drugs were submitted, before and after being affected with Spark CEW, to clinical evaluation; blood collection for serum laboratory tests; transthoracic electrocardiography at rest, transthoracic echodopplercardiogram and 24hour Holter. RESULTS: All 71 patients reported being incapable of any voluntary reaction during the shock of the application time. No arrhythmia or myocardial necrosis was related to the use of non-lethal weapon SPARK. Reported adverse events were self-limited, and mostly mild. CONCLUSIONS: SPARK brand CEW is effective in incapacitating individuals by the shock of the application time, without causing.


Subject(s)
Conducted Energy Weapon Injuries/physiopathology , Heart Rate/physiology , Weapons , Adult , Conducted Energy Weapon Injuries/diagnosis , Electric Injuries/diagnosis , Electric Injuries/physiopathology , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory/methods , Female , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Law Enforcement/methods , Male , Young Adult
11.
SAGE Open Med Case Rep ; 2: 2050313X14522439, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27489641

ABSTRACT

Number of subjects currently participating in high-endurance aerobic exercise training regimens and competitions has substantially increased in recent years. While there is no doubt that regular exercise practice is fundamental for the maintenance of a good health, there have been reports of cardiac structural changes of subjects exposed to strenuous endurance physical exercise. This article reports a case of a 47-year-old male very successful sportsman-including being a six-time Ultraman winner-who has accumulated more than 50,000 h of training and competition in his 35-year career, averaging 25-30 h/week. Despite this huge amount of aerobic exercise, about 25 times larger than typically recommended dose for health purposes (i.e. 75 min of vigorous exercise per week), no major abnormalities were detected in electrocardiograms (rest and maximal exercise), transthoracic echocardiogram, and magnetic resonance imaging. In fact, after this complete evaluation, his heart was found to be quite normal.

12.
Stem Cell Rev Rep ; 8(1): 251-61, 2012 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21671060

ABSTRACT

Although bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMNC) have been extensively used in cell therapy for cardiac diseases, little mechanistic information is available to support reports of their efficacy. To address this shortcoming, we compared structural and functional recovery and associated global gene expression profiles in post-ischaemic myocardium treated with BMNC transplantation. BMNC suspensions were injected into cardiac scar tissue 10 days after experimental myocardial infarction. Six weeks later, mice undergoing BMNC therapy were found to have normalized antibody repertoire and improved cardiac performance measured by ECG, treadmill exercise time and echocardiography. After functional testing, gene expression profiles in cardiac tissue were evaluated using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Expression of more than 18% of the 11981 quantified unigenes was significantly altered in the infarcted hearts. BMNC therapy restored expression of 2099 (96.2%) of the genes that were altered by infarction but led to altered expression of 286 other genes, considered to be a side effect of the treatment. Transcriptional therapeutic efficacy, a metric calculated using a formula that incorporates both recovery and side effect of treatment, was 73%. In conclusion, our results confirm a beneficial role for bone marrow-derived cell therapy and provide new information on molecular mechanisms operating after BMNC transplantation on post ischemic heart failure in mice.


Subject(s)
Bone Marrow Transplantation , Heart/physiopathology , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Myocardium/metabolism , Transcriptome , Animals , Female , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation , Inflammation Mediators/blood , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Myocardial Infarction/immunology , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Myocardium/pathology , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Oxygen Consumption , Physical Exertion , Ventricular Remodeling
13.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr. imagem cardiovasc ; 23(4): 26-32, out.-dez. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-562258

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: Grande número de pacientes com insuficiência renal terminal possuem fístulas arteriovenosas (FAVs) para realização de hemodiálise, e essas podem apresentar altas taxas de falência no 1º ano (até 40%). Objetivo: Avaliar FAVs, utilizando o Eco Color Doppler (ECD), tentando identificar possíveis anormalidades. Delineamento: Trabalho de análise exploratória, observacional, transversal de uma série de casos. Métodos: Foram estudadas 45 FAVs, sendo 30 pacientes, entre os quais 16 homens, (grupo A) que apresentavam dificuldades na hemodiálise; e 15 pacientes, entre os quais 10 homens, (grupo B), que não apresentavam dificuldades na hemodiálise. Foram utilizados aparelhos Vivid7 da GE Ultrasound, com transdutor linear (banda larga), com frequência de 7/10 Mhz e aplicativo para ultrassom vascular com Doppler pulsado, colorido e Power-Doppler. O estudo das FAVs, conforme nosso protocolo, inclui a avaliação da(s) artéria(s) do inflow e do seguimento arterial distal à fístula, a(s) anastomose(s) arterial e venosa em caso de enxerto, a veia do outflow, bem como as veias profundas e centrais de deságue daquele membro. Resultados: Identificamos anormalidades em todas as FAVs do grupo A e em 06 casos do grupo B. Conclusão: O ECD é excelente ferramenta na identificação de anormalidades dos pacientes com FAVs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler, Color , Arteriovenous Fistula/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/diagnosis , Renal Dialysis
14.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr. imagem cardiovasc ; 23(3): 33-39, jul.-set. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-556778

ABSTRACT

Pacientes com insuficiência renal terminal, em sua grande maioria, são encaminhados para hemodiálise. Para tanto, necessitam de um bom acesso (fístulas arteriovenosas (FAVs) para realização da diálise. As fístulas arteriovenosas podem apresentar altas taxas de falência no 1º ano (40 por cento), quando mal confeccionadas ou mal planejadas. Objetivo: Demonstrar a importância do Eco Color Doppler no planejamento de FAVs, buscando identificar vasos adequados para a anastomose. Delineamento: Trabalho observacional prospectivo. Metodologia: Foram estudados 42 membros de 25 pacientes (09 homens), com idade variando entre 25 e 77 anos. Foram utilizados aparelhos Vivid7 da GE UltraSound, com transdutor linear de banda larga, frequência de 7/10 MHz e aplicativo para ultrassom vascular com Doppler pulsado, colorido e Power-Doppler. No protocolor de exame, avaliaram-se as artérias daquele membro (diâmetros, velocidade e morfologia do fluxo), bem como a patência e a funcionalidade do arco palmar. Examinou-se, também, a rede venosa (superficial, profunda e central), de deságue daquele membro. Resultados: Foram identificadas variações anatômicas, alterações de diâmetro, acometimento aterosclerótico importante, oclusões arteriais, assim como tromboses venosas, que poderiam comprometer o funcionamento da FAV. Conclusão: O ECD é ferramenta imprescindível no mapeamento para confecção FAVs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/mortality , Arteriovenous Fistula/surgery , Renal Dialysis
15.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr. imagem cardiovasc ; 23(3): 99-108, jul.-set. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-556785

ABSTRACT

A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (RSC) tornou-se um importante recurso para o tratamento de pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca, que não respondem às medidas habituais e, apresentam distúrbios de condução, bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE). Seguindo as recomendações atuais, cerca de 30 por cento dos pacientes não apresentam resposta satisfatória. A ecocardiografia, em suas diversas modalidades, foi proposta como método capaz de melhor selecionar o grupo dos chamados respondedores. O estudo multicêntrico Prospect avaliou 12 critérios ecocardiográficos para confirmar os achados de estudos isolados. Concluiu que nenhum critério ecocardiográfico seria capaz de ajudar nessa seleção ou influênciar essa decisão. Este artigo de revisão mostra os resultados do estudo, faz comentários sobre a metodologia empregada e as implicações que levaram a esses resultados, os quais contrariam diversos estudos anteriores. A revisão também propõe um protocolo usado pelos autores para avaliar pacientes candidatos à RSC, assim como discute novas tecnologias que estão surgindo com a mesma finalidade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Heart Failure/complications , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Pacemaker, Artificial , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography
16.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr. imagem cardiovasc ; 22(2): 17-26, abr.-jun. 2009. tab, graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-514952

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A terapia de ressincronização cardíaca (TRC) tem sido usada para tratar pacientes com duração aumentada do complexo QRS e insuficiência cardíaca, para corrigir a perda do sincronismo cardíaco. Pelos critérios atuais clínicos e eletrocardiográficos (ECG) de indicação da TRC, cerca de 30 por cento dos pacientes não apresentam melhora com essa terapêutica. A ecocardiografia (ECG) tem sido proposta como uma técnica que poderia selecionar melhor os pacientes. Objetivo: Comparar os critérios ecocardiográficos para a evidência de dissincronismo átrio-ventricular (AV), interventricular (INTER) e intraventricular (INTRA) entre uma população normal com uma portadora de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE)...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Bundle-Branch Block/complications , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler , Pacemaker, Artificial
17.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr ; 21(2): 18-26, abr-jun. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-497526

ABSTRACT

Atualmente dispõe-se do Doppler pulsado e do Doppler tecidual paraclassificar a disfunção diastólica em quatro graus.Ainda assim, considera-se não ser adequado atribuir um mesmo grau dedisfunção diastólica a indivíduos tão distintos como normaise pacientes hipertensos, isquêmicos e outros. Neste trabalho, o objetivo édemonstrar que pacientes com patologias distintas e ummesmo grau de disfunção diastólica podem ter característicasecocardiográficas bastante distintas.Foram estudados 86 indivíduos, sendo 25 atletas profissionais, 27adultos normais, 17 hipertensos e 17 coronariopatas, pelo ecocardiograma Doppler e Doppler tecidual. Foram determinadas as funçõessistólica, diastólica, diâmetros cavitários e massa do VE.Os atletas não apresentavam disfunção diastólica. Entre indivíduos com disfunção diastólica grau I, hipertensos ecoronariopatas, apresentavam espessuras parietais, massa do VE e diâmetro do AE maiores (P

Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Diastole , Echocardiography, Doppler/methods , Echocardiography, Doppler , Heart Failure/complications , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Data Interpretation, Statistical
18.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr ; 19(3): 15-20, jul.-set. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435846

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Várias drogas e substâncias vêm sendo testadas visando melhorar a função endotelial, porém a utilização de suplementos vitamínicos em pacientes portadores de doença ateromatosa ainda é controversa, Método: Para avaliar a resposta da função endotelial antes e após a utilização de suplementos vitamínicos (vitaminas C,E e C mais E)foi utilizada a técnica de reatividade braquial em 21 pacientes com doença ateromatosa coronariana documentada pela cinecoronariografia. Foram comparados os percentuais de dilatação da artéria braquial antes e após a a utilização dos suplementos vitamínicos. Resultados: Após a utilização da E, o percentual de dilatação da artéria elevou-se de 8,24 por cento para 9,48 por cento (variação de 1,23 por cento), após a utilização da vitamina C, o percentual de dilatação elevou-se de 8,24 por cento para 10,29 por cento(variação de 2,05 por cento) e após a utilização de vitamina E associada a vitamina C, o percentual de dilatação elevou-se de 8,24 por cento para 10,81 por cento (variação de 2,57 por cento). Conclusão A vitamina C administrada na forma isolada ou em associação com a vitamina E, promoveu a melhora da função endotelial avaliada pela técnica da reatividade braquial pelo ultra-som


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Brachial Artery/physiology , Brachial Artery/pathology , Endothelium, Vascular/physiology , Ultrasonics
19.
Rev. bras. ecocardiogr ; 19(3): 21-27, jul.-set. 2006. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-435847

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: A interpretação do ecocardiograma de estresse com dobutamina-atropina é baseada no aumento do espessamento sistólico, onde o contrário disto é considerado indicativo de doença arterial coronariana (DAC).Porém, a condição hiperdinâmica induzida pela dobutamina pode repercurtir em sintomas que não decorrem da DAC obstrutiva. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o gradiente na via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo (VSVE) e aórtico)AO) e a presença de sintomas, durante a ecocardiografia de estresse com dobutamina (DOB), e as diferenças na hemodinâmica desses fluxos entre os protocolos precoce e padrão(PR e PD). Material e Métodos: Estudados 75 pt com função sistólica normal. Os pt foram randomizados aleatoriamente para PD(Atr em 40mcg de DOB) ou PR(Atr iniciando em 20mcg de DOB). Os gradientes na VSVE e AO foram obtidos em repouso e em cada estágio do teste e foram analisados evolutivamente. Presença de complicações foram consideradas e alterações hemodinâmicas registradas. O teste de Wilcoxon, t de Strudent e de Mann-Whitney foram utilizados para análise estatística. Resultados: Dos 75 pt estudados, a média de idade foi de 61 anos, 71 por cento tinham história de HAS e HVE foi identificada em 36 por cento dos casos. Variações dos gradientes entre os PD e PR não ocorreram junto ao basal, mas os gradientes foram maiores no PD a partir de 20mcg DOB, e em todos os estágios do teste os gradientes aumentam gradativa e significativamente (p menor 0,0001). No pico do teste dos gradientes foram maiores no PD em relação ao PR (p menor 0,05), considerando um delta (pico-basal) maior 20mmHg (p igual 0,022). Dor precordial ocorreu em 8,6 por cento (em testes negativos), arritmias em 15,5 por cento e hipotensão 5,2 por cento dos casos. A presença de complicações se relacionou mais com a elevação dos gradientes durante o teste, e mais no PD (60 por cento vezes 22 por cento) em relação ao PR, p igual 0,002. Conclusão: Os gradientes em VSVE e AO apresentaram aumentos...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Atropine/administration & dosage , Atropine/adverse effects , Dobutamine/administration & dosage , Dobutamine/adverse effects , Echocardiography , Echocardiography/adverse effects
20.
Rev. SOCERJ ; 19(3): 232-238, maio-jun. 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-437132

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Detectar, através do Doppler tecidual (TVI), as formas incipientes de disfunção diastólica antes mesmo de serem capazes de produzir alteração no fluxo mitral. Métodos: Foram estudados 140 indivíduos de idade compreendida entre 22 e 86 anos, todos com função sistólica normal. Foi obtido o TVI dos anéis septal, lateral, anterior e inferior. De todos os anéis foram medidas as suas respectivas ondas E apóstrofe e A apóstrofe (E apóstrofe(s,l,a,i) e A apóstrofe(s,l,a,i)). Além das medidas, os anéis foram codificados conforme o aspecto normal ou anormal de sua curva, respectivamente, como N e A. Os pacientes foram estratificados em grupos em função da relação E/A maior que 1,2NL, E/A maior que 1,2, 0,08 menor que E/A menor que 1,2 e E/A menor que 0,8. Resultados: Observou-se que quanto pior a função diastólica, maior o número de anéis compremetidos. O percentual de anéis alterados foi de, respectivamente, 4,31 por cento, 22,36 por cento, 79,65 por cento e 95,00 por cento nos grupos E/A maior que 1,2NL, E/A maior que 1,2,0,8 menor que E/A menor que 1,2 e E/A menor que 0,8. Os anéis septal e inferior mostraram-se os mais sensíveis. A onda E apóstrofe, nos vários anéis, diminuiu conforme piorou a função diastólica dos pacientes...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Heart Failure/complications , Heart Failure/diagnosis , Heart Failure/mortality , Echocardiography/methods , Echocardiography
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