ABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo Determinar a prevalência da hipertensão arterial (HA) e investigar fatores associados em uma comunidade quilombola da Bahia, Brasil. Métodos A HA foi determinada por autorreferimento de diagnóstico feito por um médico ou enfermeiro. Por meio de questionário, foram coletados dados demográficos, socioeconômicos, hábitos de vida e alimentares e presença de comorbidades. Foram realizadas medidas antropométricas e dosagens bioquímicas para determinação de sobrepeso/obesidade, diabetes e dislipidemias. Empregaram-se análise univariada para determinar associação entre HA e variáveis de interesse, e análise múltipla por regressão de Poisson para estimativa das razões de prevalência. Resultados A população estudada foi de 213 indivíduos maiores de 18 anos. A prevalência de HA foi de 38,5%. Após análise ajustada, permaneceram associados à HA: sexo feminino, idade, menor escolaridade, maior renda per capita, uso de medicamentos nos últimos 15 dias, obesidade e diabetes mellitus. Conclusões Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de ações intersetoriais voltadas para a melhoria das condições de vida e saúde dessa comunidade. A adequação da infraestrutura e do funcionamento do serviço de saúde local, bem como a realização de campanhas de promoção da saúde, pode contribuir para a prevenção, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento da hipertensão e outros agravos.
Abstract Objective To determine the prevalence of hypertension and investigate associated factors in a Quilombola community of Bahia (Brazil). Methods Hypertension was based on diagnosis made by a physician or a nurse and self-reported by participants; demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle, food habits, and comorbidities data were collected through a previously validated questionnaire. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements for overweight/obesity, diabetes and dyslipidemia were performed. Univariate and multivariable analysis using Poisson regression were conducted to estimate the association between hypertension and the variables of interest to estimate the adjusted prevalence ratios. Results The study population comprised 213 individuals older than 18 years. The hypertension prevalence was 38.5%. In the adjusted analysis hypertension was associated with female sex, age, lower education, higher per capita income, use of drugs in the last 15 days, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Conclusions The results highlight the need for intersectorial actions to improve the community living conditions and health. The adequacy of local health service infrastructure and operation as well as health promotion campaigns can contribute to the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and other diseases.
ABSTRACT
The present study was designed to develop an animal model of hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy associated with obesity in female rats. Furthermore, we studied the involvement of the natriuretic peptide system in the mechanisms of these conditions. Obesity was induced in Wistar rats by a high fat diet and ovariectomy. The rats were divided into four groups: ovariectomized or sham-operated with high-fat diet and ovariectomized or sham-operated with control diet. After 24 weeks of diet, rats were killed, and their tissues were removed. Cardiac atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), clearance receptor (NPr-C) gene expression was determined by PCR. ANP concentrations were measured in plasma. Ovariectomized fat-fed rats (OF) showed increased body weight, visceral fat depot and blood pressure and decreased sodium excretion compared to other groups. Also, these rats showed higher heart-to-body weight and cell diameters of ventricular cardiomyocytes and lower cardiac ANP mRNA and plasma ANP than the control group. The adipocyte and renal NPr-C mRNA of OF rats were higher than the control group. These data showed that combined ovariectomy and high fat diet elicited obesity, hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. These results suggest that the impairment of the natriuretic peptide system may be one of the mechanisms involved not only in development of hypertension but also in cardiac hypertrophy associated with obesity in ovariectomized rats.