El uso diario de la profilaxis preexposición para el VIH en hombres gais, bisexuales y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres en España: prevalencia y factores asociados / Daily use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Spain: Prevalence and associated factors

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de uso diario de profilaxis preexposición (PrEP) frente al VIH 6 meses después de aprobarse su financiación pública en España e identificar los factores asociados en una muestra nacional de hombres gais, bisexuales y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (GBHSH). Material y métodos: Se analizaron 4.692 hombres GBHSH no diagnosticados de VIH reclutados mediante un cuestionario online difundido a nivel nacional a través de apps y webs de contacto gay entre mayo y julio de 2020. Se estimó la proporción de participantes que usaban PrEP diaria y se identificaron factores asociados mediante regresión de Poisson con variancia robusta. Resultados: El 2,8% (IC 95% 2,3-3,3) de los participantes refirió usar PrEP diariamente. El uso diario de PrEP se asoció de forma independiente con: haber sido reclutado en programas comunitarios, ser mayor de 30 años, residir en grandes ciudades, vivir abiertamente su vida sexual con hombres, haber tenido relaciones anales sin preservativo con más de 10 parejas sexuales, haber consumido drogas para sexo, especialmente drogas chemsex, y haber sido diagnosticado de alguna infección de transmisión sexual. Conclusión: Transcurridos 6 meses desde la aprobación de la PrEP en España, se observa una baja prevalencia de uso diario en una muestra nacional de hombres GBHSH. Es necesario promover el acceso, la demanda y el interés por la PrEP, especialmente entre los hombres GBHSH jóvenes, residentes en ciudades pequeñas y medianas y los que ocultan sus relaciones con otros hombres.(AU)

Objective: We aim to estimate the prevalence of daily HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use 6 months after public funding approval in Spain and identify associated factors in a national sample of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). Material and methods: We analysed 4692 HIV-undiagnosed GBMSM men recruited via an online questionnaire distributed nationally via gay contact apps and websites between May and July 2020. We estimated the proportion of participants using daily PrEP and identified associated factors using Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: Daily PrEP use was reported by 2.8% (95% CI 2.3-3.3) of all participants. Daily PrEP use was independently associated with being recruited into community programmes, being older than 30 years, living in a large city, living with men, having condomless anal intercourse with more than 10 sexual partners, using drugs for sex, especially chemsex drugs, and being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. Conclusion: Six months after PrEP was approved in Spain, the prevalence of daily use is low in a national sample of GBMSM men. There is a need to promote access, demand and interest in PrEP, especially among young GBMSM men, those living in small and medium-sized cities, and those who hide their relationships with other men.(AU)

[Daily use of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Spain: Prevalence and associated factors]. / El uso diario de la profilaxis preexposición para el VIH en hombres gais, bisexuales y otros hombres que tienen sexo con hombres en España: prevalencia y factores asociados.

OBJECTIVE: We aim to estimate the prevalence of daily HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use 6 months after public funding approval in Spain and identify associated factors in a national sample of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed 4692 HIV-undiagnosed GBMSM men recruited via an online questionnaire distributed nationally via gay contact apps and websites between May and July 2020. We estimated the proportion of participants using daily PrEP and identified associated factors using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS: Daily PrEP use was reported by 2.8% (95% CI 2.3-3.3) of all participants. Daily PrEP use was independently associated with being recruited into community programmes, being older than 30 years, living in a large city, living with men, having condomless anal intercourse with more than 10 sexual partners, using drugs for sex, especially chemsex drugs, and being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted infection. CONCLUSION: Six months after PrEP was approved in Spain, the prevalence of daily use is low in a national sample of GBMSM men. There is a need to promote access, demand and interest in PrEP, especially among young GBMSM men, those living in small and medium-sized cities, and those who hide their relationships with other men.

Changes in directly alcohol-attributable mortality during the great recession by employment status in Spain: a population cohort of 22 million people.

BACKGROUND: Macroeconomic fluctuations can impact differentially on alcohol-related problems across sociodemographic groups. We assess trend changes in directly alcohol-attributable (DAA) mortality in the population aged 25-64 during the post-2008 recession in Spain according to employment status and other sociodemographic factors. METHODS: Nationwide cohort study covering 21.9 million people living in Spain in 2001. People were classified by employment status and other factors. The annual percentage change (APC) in mortality rates during 2002-2007 (precrisis) and 2008-2011 (crisis) was estimated by the Poisson regression. The period effect size was then calculated as the difference between crisis and precrisis APCs. RESULTS: The age-adjusted APCs in DAA mortality were 6.9% in 2002-2007 and 3.7% in 2008-2011 among employed people, and -4.3% and -0.4%, respectively, among non-employed people. Statistically significant trend changes in such mortality during the crisis were found, which were favourable in certain employed subgroups (manual workers and employees aged 25-49), and unfavourable in the total non-employed population and certain non-employed subgroups (men, non-married and especially medium/high-wealth people). The greatest unfavourable change corresponded to non-employed people living in households of 72-104 m2 who had 2 or more cars. Favourable changes were also found in the remaining employed subgroups, especially women and non-married people, although they did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the post-2008 Spanish crisis had a heterogeneous impact across sociodemographic subgroups on DAA mortality, and that employment status seemed to have an important effect. The impact was especially unfavourable on the non-employed, particularly those with substantial material wealth.

Approval and potential use of over-the-counter HIV self-tests: the opinion of participants in a street based HIV rapid testing program in Spain.

HIV self-testing, not yet available in Spain, is a strategy thought to be able to increase the number of people tested and testing frequency. 3,373 attenders of a street-based HIV rapid-testing program gave their opinion on authorizing over-the-counter self-tests and a potentially shorter lead time if self-tests were available. 88.0 % of participants were in favor of authorization, 9.2 % had no clear opinion and 2.8 % were against. 54.6 % of men who have sex with men (MSM), 38.4 % of men who have sex with women and 36.3 % of women acknowledged a potential for lead time reduction. Potential lead time was associated with being ≥35 years, having a university degree, never injected drugs, previous HIV tests and being concerned about an HIV positive result, and in MSM, also having ≥5 partners. Self-testing seems a promising strategy for Spain: its authorization is supported by nearly all potential users and almost three quarters of MSM would have opted to advance their current testing if self-tests were available.

Low knowledge and anecdotal use of unauthorized online HIV self-test kits among attendees at a street-based HIV rapid testing programme in Spain.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to estimate the percentage of potential users who know that unauthorized HIV self-tests can be purchased online and the percentage of those who have already used them, and to determine socio-demographic and behavioural correlates. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was employed to collect data from attendees at a street-based HIV testing programme. Logistic regression for rare events was performed. RESULTS: Of the 3340 participants, 5.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.5-6.0%) had knowledge of self-tests being sold online and 7.5% (95% CI 6.6-8.5%) thought they existed but had never seen them; only 0.6% (95% CI 0.3-0.9%) had ever used one. Knowing that self-tests are sold online (odds ratio (OR) 3.6, 95% CI 2.4-5.4) and using them (OR 7.3, 95% CI 2.2-23.8) were associated with having undergone more than two previous HIV tests. Use was also associated with being neither Spanish nor Latin American (OR 3.8, 95% CI 1.2-12.0) and with having a university degree (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.7). CONCLUSIONS: At the time of the study, the impact on the population of issues related to the use of unauthorized tests was very low. However, media coverage following the approval of self-testing in the USA might have changed the situation.

La oferta de la prueba rápida del VIH en la calle dentro del ámbito universitario: ¿una estrategia prioritaria? / Street outreach rapid HIV testing in university settings: a priority strategy?

Objetivo Evaluar un programa que ofertaba la prueba del VIH en el medio universitario, analizando la prevalencia de la infección, las conductas de riesgo, los antecedentes de infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) y la realización de la prueba. Métodos En octubre-noviembre de 2008 y noviembre-diciembre de 2009, 1668 personas se realizaron la prueba rápida en un dispositivo móvil en campus universitarios de Madrid, Málaga y Salamanca, y cumplimentaron un breve cuestionario mientras esperaban el resultado. Resultados El 15,7% eran hombres que habían tenido relaciones sexuales con hombres, el 28,6% eran hombres exclusivamente heterosexuales y el 55,7% mujeres. El 73,3% eran menores de 25 años, el 8,5% habían nacido en el extranjero y sólo el 4% no tenía estudios secundarios. En los 12 meses previos, el 51% de los hombres heterosexuales, el 42% de las mujeres y el 6,3% de los hombres que habían tenido sexo con hombres tuvieron una pareja ocasional de distinto sexo sin haber usado siempre el preservativo. Un 41,5% de los hombres que habían tenido sexo con hombres refería este tipo de conducta con parejas masculinas. Al 24,7% de los hombres que habían tenido sexo con hombres, al 14,7% de las mujeres y al 5,6% de los hombres heterosexuales les habían diagnosticado alguna ITS. Se encontraron cuatro positivos, todos hombres que habían tenido sexo con hombres con prueba en los últimos 2 años, con una prevalencia entre ellos del 1,6% (intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 0,43-3,95) y global del 0,2% (IC95%: 0,07-0,62).Conclusiones Pese a la alta frecuencia de prácticas de riesgo, la baja prevalencia de la infección y los antecedentes de la prueba hacen pensar que los campus universitarios no son una localización prioritaria para el desarrollo de estos programas, que tendrían un mayor impacto y más eficiencia en otras poblaciones más vulnerables (AU)

Objective To evaluate an HIV testing program in the university environment by analyzing the prevalence of infection, risk behaviors and history of sexually transmitted infections and by performing HIV tests. Methods During October-November of 2008 and November-December of 2009, 1668 persons received rapid HIV testing in a mobile unit located in university campuses in the cities of Madrid, Málaga and Salamanca (Spain). While waiting for the test results, participants completed a brief questionnaire. Results A total of 15.7% were men who had sex with men (MSM), 28.6% were exclusively heterosexual men (HTX), and 55.7% were women. Nearly three-quarters (73.3%) were under 25 years of age, 8.5% were born abroad and only 4% had no secondary education. Fifty-one percent of HTX, 42% of women and 6.3% of MSM had casual sexual partners in the past 12 months without always using a condom. This behavior was also reported by 41.5% of MSM with same sex partners. A sexually transmitted infection had previously been diagnosed in 24.7% of MSMs, 14.7% of women and 5.6% of HTX. Four positive results were found, all in MSM who had been tested in the previous 2 years. The prevalence was 1.6% (95% CI: 0.43-3.95) within this group, and 0.2% overall (95% CI: 0.07-0.62).Conclusions Despite the high frequency of risk behaviors, the low prevalence of HIV infection and the history of HIV testing suggest that university campuses are not a priority location to develop these programs, which would achieve greater impact and efficiency in more vulnerable populations (AU)

Conductas sexuales de riesgo y prevalencia de infección por vih en hombres con prácticas homosexuales y bisexuales en la Comunidad de Madrid / High-risk sexual behavior and HIV prevalence among gay and bisexual men in the community of Madrid

Fundamento: Analizar las conductas sexuales de riesgo para la infección por VIH, el uso de medidas de prevención y la prevalencia autoinformada de infección por VIH en varones asociados a una de las principales asociaciones de homosexuales de la Comunidad de Madrid. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado durante 1997-1998, mediante un cuestionario anónimo remitido por correo. Se analizan las características sociodemográficas, la frecuencia de uso del preservativo en las distintas prácticas sexuales con la pareja estable y con las ocasionales, la prevalencia autoinformada de VIH y otros aspectos relacionados. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 157 cuestionarios de varones homosexuales y bisexuales. Su edad media fue de 32 años y el 85 por ciento tenía estudios medios o superiores. En los últimos 3 meses: el 56 por ciento tuvo relaciones con más de un hombre; el 70,6 por ciento practicó la penetración anal insertiva con pareja estable y el 57,4 por ciento con contactos ocasionales, de los que sólo el 32,5 por ciento y el 61,1 por ciento respectivamente utilizaron siempre el preservativo. La penetración anal receptiva la realizaron el 69,7 por ciento con pareja estable y el 39,4 por ciento con contactos ocasionales, utilizando siempre el preservativo el 32,5 por ciento y el 78,4 por ciento respectivamente. El 86,6 por ciento tuvieron relaciones oro-genitales y menos del 10 por ciento utilizaron siempre el preservativo. 137 hombres conocían su estado serológico y el 15,2 por ciento resultó VIH positivo. El 10,2 por ciento padeció alguna ETS durante el último año. Conclusiones: Un importante porcentaje de entrevistados mantiene prácticas de riesgo (varias parejas y relaciones sexuales de alto riesgo sin protección) que, asociado a una prevalencia de infección elevada, puede traducirse en una importante tasa de seroconversión (AU)

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