Relación del polimorfismo del gen de la resistina (rs7139228) con los niveles de resistina y el riesgo de síndrome metabólico en sujetos obesos / Relationship of resistin gene polymorphism (rs7139228) with resistin levels and metabolic syndrome risk in obese subjects

Antecedentes: a pesar de la relación de la resistina con el síndrome metabólico (SM), no se ha evaluado la relación del polimorfismo de nucleótido único (SNP) rs7139228 con variante C/T del intrón 5´UTR del gen RETN con la presencia de SM. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la influencia del SNP rs7139228 del gen RETN sobre las concentraciones de resistina circulante, así como sobre el SM en sujetos obesos. Material y métodos: se reclutó una población caucásica de 1003 sujetos obesos. En todos los sujetos se realizó un análisis antropométrico (peso, perímetro de cintura, masa grasa), una evaluación de la ingesta nutricional, un estudio bioquímico (glucosa, insulina, proteína C-reactiva, perfil lipídico, insulina, HOMA-IR, resistina) y una evaluación del genotipo rs7139228. Resultados: la distribución del genotipo fue la siguiente: 852 sujetos con GG (84,9 %), 147 sujetos con GA (14,7 %) y 4 sujetos con AA (0,4 %). La frecuencia alélica fue G (0,92) y C (0,08). Las concentraciones séricas de resistina (delta: 1,7 ± 0,2 ng/ml; p = 0,01), insulina (delta: 4,2 ± 0,4 UI/L; p = 0,01) y HOMA-IR (delta: 1,9 ± 0,2 unidades; p = 0,03) fueron mayores en los pacientes portadores del alelo A que en los no portadores. La prevalencia global del SM fue del 48,1 %. El análisis de regresión logística mostró un alto porcentaje de hiperglucemia (OR = 1,60, IC 95 % = 1,08-2,96; p = 0,02) y de síndrome metabólico (OR = 1,33, IC 95 % = 1,07-3,39; p = 0,02) en los portadores del alelo A después de ajustar las concentraciones de resistina, el sexo, el IMC y la edad. Conclusiones: el alelo A de la variante genética rs7139228 se asocia con mayores niveles de resistina, insulina basal, resistencia a la insulina y prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en sujetos obesos. (AU)

Background: despite the relationship of resistin with metabolic syndrome (MS), the relationship of the 5’UTR intron C/T variant single nucleotide ploymorphism (SNP) rs7139228 of the RETN gene with the presence of MS has not been evaluated. Objective: the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of SNP rs7139228 of the RETN gene on circulating resistin levels, as well as on MS in obese subjects. Material and methods: a Caucasian population of 1003 obese subjects was enrolled. An anthropometric evaluation (weight, waist circumference, fat mass), evaluation of nutritional intake, biochemical study (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, insulin, HOMA-IR, resistin) and rs7139228 genotype was carried out. Results: genotype distribution was: 852 subjects with GG (84.9 %), 147 subjects with GA (14.7 %) and 4 subjects with AA (0.4 %). The allelic frequency was G (0.92) and A (0.08). Serum levels of resistin (delta: 1.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml; p = 0.01), insulin (delta: 4.2 ± 0.4 IU/L; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (delta: 1.9 ± 0.2 units; p = 0.03) were higher in patients carrying the A allele than in non-carriers. The overall prevalence of MS was 48.1 %. A logistic regression analysis showed a high percentage of hyperglycemia (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI = 1.08-2.96; p = 0.02) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.33, 95 % CI = 1.07-3.39, p = 0.02) in carriers of the A allele after adjusting for resistin levels, sex, BMI and age. Conclusions: the A allele of the genetic variant rs7139228 is associated with higher levels of resistin, basal insulin, insulin resistance, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese subjects. (AU)

Relationship of resistin gene polymorphism (rs7139228) with resistin levels and metabolic syndrome risk in obese subjects.

Introduction: Background: despite the relationship of resistin with metabolic syndrome (MS), the relationship of the 5'UTR intron C/T variant SNP rs7139228 of the RETN gene with the presence of MS has not been evaluated. Objective: the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of SNP rs7139228 of the RETN gene on circulating resistin levels, as well as on MS in obese subjects. Material and Methods: a Caucasian population of 1003 obese subjects was enrolled. An anthropometric evaluation (weight, waist circumference, fat mass), evaluation of nutritional intake, biochemical study (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, insulin, HOMA-IR, resistin) and rs7139228 genotype was carried out. Results: genotype distribution was: 852 subjects with GG (84.9 %), 147 subjects with GA (14.7 %) and 4 subjects with AA (0.4 %). The allelic frequency was G (0.92) and A (0.08). Serum levels of resistin (delta: 1.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml; p = 0.01), insulin (delta: 4.2 ± 0.4 IU/L; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (delta: 1.9 ± 0.2 units; p = 0.03) were higher in patients carrying the A allele than in non-carriers. The overall prevalence of MS was 48.1 %. A logistic regression analysis showed a high percentage of hyperglycemia (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI = 1.08-2.96; p = 0.02) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.33, 95 % CI = 1.07-3.39, p = 0.02) in carriers of the A allele after adjusting for resistin levels, sex, BMI and age. Conclusions: the A allele of the genetic variant rs7139228 is associated with higher levels of resistin, basal insulin, insulin resistance, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese subjects.

Introducción: Antecedentes: a pesar de la relación de la resistina con el síndrome metabólico (SM), no se ha evaluado la relación del SNP rs7139228 con variante C/T del intrón 5´UTR del gen RETN con la presencia de SM. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar la influencia del SNP rs7139228 del gen RETN sobre las concentraciones de resistina circulante, así como sobre el SM en sujetos obesos. Material y métodos: se reclutó una población caucásica de 1003 sujetos obesos. En todos los sujetos se realizó un análisis antropométrico (peso, perímetro de cintura, masa grasa), una evaluación de la ingesta nutricional, un estudio bioquímico (glucosa, insulina, proteína C-reactiva, perfil lipídico, insulina, HOMA-IR, resistina) y una evaluación del genotipo rs7139228. Resultados: la distribución del genotipo fue la siguiente: 852 sujetos con GG (84,9 %), 147 sujetos con GA (14,7 %) y 4 sujetos con AA (0,4 %). La frecuencia alélica fue G (0,92) y C (0,08). Las concentraciones séricas de resistina (delta: 1,7 ± 0,2 ng/ml; p = 0,01), insulina (delta: 4,2 ± 0,4 UI/L; p = 0,01) y HOMA-IR (delta: 1,9 ± 0,2 unidades; p = 0,03) fueron mayores en los pacientes portadores del alelo A que en los no portadores. La prevalencia global del SM fue del 48,1 %. El análisis de regresión logística mostró un alto porcentaje de hiperglucemia (OR = 1,60, IC 95 % = 1,08-2,96; p = 0,02) y de síndrome metabólico (OR = 1,33, IC 95 % = 1,07-3,39; p = 0,02) en los portadores del alelo A después de ajustar las concentraciones de resistina, el sexo, el IMC y la edad. Conclusiones: el alelo A de la variante genética rs7139228 se asocia con mayores niveles de resistina, insulina basal, resistencia a la insulina y prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en sujetos obesos.

Evolution of nutrition support in patients with COVID-19 disease admitted in the Intensive Care Unit.

INTRODUCTION: Nutritional support in patients with COVID19 can influence the mean stay and complications in the patient in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). AIMS: To evaluate the selection of enteral nutritional treatment in the COVID-19 patient admitted to the ICU. To know the development of dysphagia and its treatment. To evaluate the adjustment to the requirements and its relationship with the patient's complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One-center longitudinal retrospective study in 71 patients admitted to the ICU with COVID19 infection and complete enteral nutrition between March and April 2020. Clinical variables were collected: length of stay in ICU, mean stay and rate of complications; and estimated anthropometric variables. RESULTS: The mean age was 61.84 (13.68) years. Among the patients analyzed, 33 (46.5%) died. The median stay in the ICU was 20 (15.75-32) days and the mean stay was 37 (26.75-63) days. The type of formula most prescribed was normoprotein 24 (35.3%) and diabetes-specific 23 (33.8%) depending on the prescribed formula. There was no difference in mean stay (p = 0.39) or death rate (p = 0.35). The percentage of achievement of the estimated protein requirements was 50 (34.38-68.76). At discharge, 8 (21%) of the patients had dysphagia. A relationship was observed between the mean ICU stay and the probability of developing dysphagia (OR: 1.035 (1.004-1.07); p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In the patient with COVID19 disease admitted to the ICU, only half of the necessary protein requirements were reached. The presence of dysphagia at discharge was related to the length of time the patient was in the ICU.

Muscular Ultrasonography in Morphofunctional Assessment of Patients with Oncological Pathology at Risk of Malnutrition.

Background: Muscular ultrasonography is a technique that allows assessing the amount and quality of muscle in a specific body region. The aim of the study was to compare the value of muscle ultrasonography in diagnosis of malnutrition with techniques such as anthropometry, handgrip strength and impedanciometry in patients with oncological pathology. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 43 patients with oncological pathology and high nutritional risk. Classical anthropometry (body mass index (BMI), arm circumference (AC), calf circumference (CC) and estimated appendicular muscle mass index (ASMI)) was performed. Body composition was measured with impedanciometry (BIA), phase angle (PA) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) and muscle ultrasonography of quadriceps rectus femoris (muscle area (MARA) and circumference (MCR) in section transverse). Malnutrition was diagnosed using the GLIM criteria and sarcopenia was assessed using EWGSOP2 criteria. Results: The mean age was 68.26 years (±11.88 years). In total, 23/20 of the patients were men/women. The BMI was 23.51 (4.75) kg/m2. The ASMI was 6.40 (1.86) kg/m2. The MARA was 3.31 cm2 in ultrasonography. In impedanciometry, phase angle was 4.91 (0.75)°; the FFMI was 17.01 kg/m2 (±2.65 kg/m2). A positive correlation was observed between the MARA with anthropometric measurements (AC: r = 0.39, p = 0.009; CC: r = 0.44, p < 0.01; ASMI: r = 0.47, p < 0.001); and with BIA (FFMI: r = 0.48, p < 0.01 and PA: r = 0.45, p < 0.001). Differences were observed when comparing the MARA based on the diagnosis of sarcopenia (Sarcopenia: 2.47 cm2 (±0.54 cm2); no sarcopenia: 3.65 cm2 (±1.34 cm2); p = 0.02). Conclusions: Muscle ultrasonography correlates with body composition measurement techniques such as BIA and anthropometry in patients with cancer.

[Evolution of nutrition support in patients with COVID-19 disease admitted in the Intensive Care Unit]. / Evolución del soporte nutricional en el paciente con enfermedad COVID-19 ingresado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.

Introduction: Nutritional support in patients with COVID-19 can influence the mean stay and complications in the patient in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Aims: To evaluate the selection of enteral nutritional treatment in the COVID-19 patient admitted to the ICU. To know the development of dysphagia and its treatment. To evaluate the adjustment to the requirements and its relationship with the patient's complications. Material and methods: One-center longitudinal retrospective study in 71 patients admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 infection and complete enteral nutrition between March and April 2020. Clinical variables were collected: length of stay in ICU, mean stay and rate of complications; and estimated anthropometric variables. Results: The mean age was 61.84 (13.68) years. Among the patients analyzed, 33 (46.5%) died. The median stay in the ICU was 20 (15.75-32) days and the mean stay was 37 (26.75-63) days.The type of formula most prescribed was normoprotein 24 (35.3%) and diabetes-specific 23 (33.8%). Depending on the prescribed formula, there was no difference in mean stay (p = 0.39) or death rate (p = 0.35). The percentage of achievement of the estimated protein requirements was 50% (34.38-68.76).At discharge, 8 (21%) of the patients had dysphagia. A relationship was observed between the mean ICU stay and the probability of developing dysphagia (OR: 1.035 (1.004-1.07); p = 0.02). Conclusions: In the patient with COVID-19 disease admitted to the ICU, only half of the necessary protein requirements were reached. The presence of dysphagia at discharge was related to the length of time the patient was in the ICU.