ABSTRACT
Free radicals generated within subcellular compartments damage macromolecules which lead to severe structural changes and functional alterations of cellular organelles. A manifestation of free radical injury to biological membranes is the process of lipid peroxidation, an autooxidative chain reaction in which polyunsaturated fatty acids in the membrane are the substrate. There is considerable evidence that damage to polyunsaturated fatty acids tends to reduce membrane fluidity. However, adequate levels of fluidity are essential for the proper functioning of biological membranes. Thus, there is considerable interest in antioxidant molecules which are able to stabilize membranes because of their protective effects against lipid peroxidation. Melatonin is an indoleamine that modulates a wide variety of endocrine, neural and immune functions. Over the last two decades, intensive research has proven this molecule, as well as its metabolites, to possess substantial antioxidant activity. In addition to their ability to scavenge several reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, melatonin increases the activity of the glutathione redox enzymes, that is, glutathione peroxidase and reductase, as well as other antioxidant enzymes. These beneficial effects of melatonin are more significant because of its small molecular size and its amphipathic behaviour, which facilitates ease of melatonin penetration into every subcellular compartment. In the present work, we review the current information related to the beneficial effects of melatonin in maintaining the fluidity of biological membranes against free radical attack, and further, we discuss its implications for ageing and disease.
Subject(s)
Melatonin/physiology , Membrane Fluidity/drug effects , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Aging/physiology , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Free Radicals/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Glutathione Reductase/metabolism , Humans , Lipid Bilayers/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Melatonin/metabolism , MiceABSTRACT
Objetivo. Conocer la evolución del cáncer de mama en Aragón, mediante las proyecciones de las tasas de incidencia, prevalencia y mortalidad, durante el periodo de 15 años desde 2008 hasta 2022. Material y métodos. Los datos se han obtenido del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y el programa utilizado ha sido el MIAMOD. Resultados Se estima que entre los años 2008 y el 2022, la tasa de incidencia del cáncer de mama en Aragón disminuirá desde 53,06 hasta 45,56 (ajustada desde 31,66 a 25,22). La mortalidad disminuirá gradualmente de 15,6 en 2008 a 12,93 (8,13 y 6,37, respectivamente) y la prevalencia disminuirá de 568,33 a 522,17 (ajustadas 322,15 a 271,32). Conclusiones. Estas proyecciones indican que la incidencia, la mortalidad y la prevalencia del cáncer de mama en Aragón disminuirán, aunque solo la reducción de la tasa de incidencia lo hará de una forma estadísticamente significativa (AU)
Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the trend in breast cancer in Aragon by projecting the incidence rates, prevalence and mortality over a 15-year period from 2008 to 2022. Material and methods. Data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics and the program used was the MIAMOD. Results. We estimated that from 2008 to 2022, the incidence rate of breast cancer in Aragon will decrease from 53.06 to 45.56 (adjusted from 31.66 to 25.22). Mortality will decline gradually from 15.6 in 2008 to 12.9 (adjusted from 8.13 to 6.37) and the prevalence will decrease from 568.33 to 522.17 (adjusted from 322.15 to 271.32). Conclusions. These projections indicate that the incidence, mortality and prevalence of breast cancer in Aragon will decrease, although only the reduction in the incidence rate will be statistically significant (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/prevention & control , Forecasting/methods , Mortality/statistics & numerical data , Maternal Mortality/trends , Spain/epidemiology , Mortality/standards , Mortality Registries/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Introducción. Aparentemente, cada vez se diagnostican mujeres más jóvenes con cáncer de mama y por ello nuestro objetivo es demostrar si está disminuyendo la edad al diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Material y métodos. Se han calculado las tasas de incidencia por grupos de edad en cáncer de mama en Zaragoza. Igualmente, hemos calculado la mediana durante los 20 años y calculado posteriormente el estudio de tendencia utilizando la regresión de Joinpoint. Resultados. La mediana muestra una línea descendente con un porcentaje anual de cambio del 0,3% (IC 95%, 0,6; 0,1) en los 20 años. Las tasas de incidencia brutas por grupos de muestran que la tendencia positiva ha sido más elevada es el de los mayores de 85 años, PAC=14% (IC 95% 4,03; 25,9), seguidos del grupo de edad de 40-44 con PAC del 10% (IC 95%, 3,4; 17,1). Conclusiones. La mediana de la edad ha descendido en los últimos 20 años en la edad al diagnóstico de cáncer de mama (AU)
Introduction. Increasingly younger women are apparently diagnosed with breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether age at diagnosis of this disease is declining. Material and methods. We calculated incidence rates for breast cancer in Zaragoza (Spain) by age groups. The median age at diagnosis over a 20-year period was calculated. A Joinpoint regression was subsequently performed to determine the trend. Results. The median showed a downward trend with an annual percentage change of -0.3% (95% CI -0.6, -0.1) over the 20-year period. The crude incidence rates for age groups showed that the positive trend was highest among women aged more than 85 years, PAC=14% (95% CI 4.03; 25.9), followed by the group aged 40-44 years with a PAC of 10% (95% CI 3.4, 17.1). Conclusions. The median age at diagnosis of breast cancer has declined over the past 20 years (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , 28640/methods , 28640/trends , Risk Factors , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiologyABSTRACT
IntroducciónSegún las clasificaciones actuales, el metabolito de mayor interés clínico para valorar la dotación de vitamina D3 es el 25-hidroxivitamina D3 con un intervalo de referencia en 1070ng/ml, aunque muchos autores consideran como deseable valores por sobre 40ng/ml o 100nmol/l. Según estas definiciones, en España tres de cada cuatro personas tendrían carencias de vitamina D3.Material y métodoSe ha utilizado una técnica radioinmunoensayo-CT para el diagnóstico de la 25hidroxivitamina D3 para ver el estatus en la población. Posteriormente, se ha realizado un estudio de casos y controles para conocer la relación entre diferentes enfermedades y carencias de vitamina D3.ResultadosEl 73,2% de los casos se encuentra en rangos considerados aceptables, según la clasificación actual, y el grupo control, mujeres menopáusicas sanas que no recibían ningún tipo de suplemento vitamínico, se encuentra con niveles desde 40ng/ml en un 100%.Discusión y conclusionesSegún nuestro estudio, los niveles de vitamina D3 han cambiado, pasando de una alta prevalencia de insuficiencia de vitamina D3 a rangos aceptables en un 26,8% de la población, con una mediana de 46,2ng/ml, considerando como rango de referencia 1070ng/ml(AU)
IntroductionAccording to current classifications, the metabolite of greatest clinical interest to evaluate vitamin D3 dosage is 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 with a reference interval of approximately 1070ng/ml, although many authors consider values of approximately 40ng/ml or 100nmol/l to be desirable. According to these definitions, three out of four people in Spain would have vitamin D3 deficiency.Material and methodThe RIA-CT technique was used for diagnosis of 25(OH)D3 to determine the population status. Subsequently, a case-control study was performed to evaluate the relationship between distinct diseases and vitamin D3 deficiency.ResultsA total of 73.2% of the cases were found to be within the range considered acceptable, according to the present classification. One hundred percent of the control group and healthy menopausal women who did not receive any kind of vitamin supplement had levels of 40ng/ml or more.Discussion and conclusionsOur results indicate that the prior situation of a high prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency has improved and that levels are now acceptable in 26.8% of the population, with a mean value of 46.2ng/ml, considering 1070ng/ml as the reference range(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Cholecalciferol/therapeutic use , Cholecalciferol/pharmacology , Menopause , Avitaminosis/diagnosis , Avitaminosis/therapy , Vitamin D Deficiency/therapy , Case-Control Studies , Cholecalciferol/administration & dosage , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: According to current classifications, the metabolite of greatest clinical interest to evaluate vitamin D(3) dosage is 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) with a reference interval of approximately 10-70ng/ml, although many authors consider values of approximately 40ng/ml or 100nmol/l to be desirable. According to these definitions, three out of four people in Spain would have vitamin D(3) deficiency. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The RIA-CT technique was used for diagnosis of 25(OH)D(3) to determine the population status. Subsequently, a case-control study was performed to evaluate the relationship between distinct diseases and vitamin D(3) deficiency. RESULTS: A total of 73.2% of the cases were found to be within the range considered acceptable, according to the present classification. One hundred percent of the control group and healthy menopausal women who did not receive any kind of vitamin supplement had levels of 40 ng/ml or more. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the prior situation of a high prevalence of vitamin D(3) deficiency has improved and that levels are now acceptable in 26.8% of the population, with a mean value of 46.2 ng/ml, considering 10-70 ng/ml as the reference range.
Subject(s)
Cholecalciferol/blood , Cholecalciferol/deficiency , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Spain , Young AdultABSTRACT
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