ABSTRACT
Molecular diagnostics based on discovery research holds the promise of improving screening methods for prostate cancer (PCa). Furthermore, the congregated information prompts the question whether the urinary extracellular vesicles (uEV) proteome has been thoroughly explored, especially at the proteome level. In fact, most extracellular vesicles (EV) based biomarker studies have mainly targeted plasma or serum. Therefore, in this study, we aim to inquire about possible strategies for urinary biomarker discovery particularly focused on the proteome of urine EVs. Proteomics data deposited in the PRIDE archive were reanalyzed to target identifications of potential PCa markers. Network analysis of the markers proposed by different prostate cancer studies revealed moderate overlap. The recent throughput improvements in mass spectrometry together with the network analysis performed in this study, suggest that a larger standardized cohort may provide potential biomarkers that are able to fully characterize the heterogeneity of PCa. According to our analysis PCa studies based on urinary EV proteome presents higher protein coverage compared to plasma, plasma EV, and voided urine proteome. This together with a direct interaction of the prostate gland and urethra makes uEVs an attractive option for protein biomarker studies. In addition, urinary proteome based PCa studies must also evaluate samples from bladder and renal cancers to assess specificity for PCa.
Subject(s)
Extracellular Vesicles/chemistry , Prostate/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Proteome/analysis , Animals , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism , Extracellular Vesicles/pathology , Humans , Male , Mass Spectrometry , Prostate/chemistry , Prostate/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Proteome/metabolism , ProteomicsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Following the 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology meeting, a rapidly growing body of evidence by several researchers has been demonstrating a poor prognosis in association with cribriform morphology. The aim of our study was to describe the presence of cribriform foci in specimens of radical prostatectomies and to evaluate whether demographic and clinical characteristics are associated with the presence of cribriform pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cohort study was based on 70 radical retropubic prostatectomies specimens collected between 2012 and 2016 and evaluated for the association of the cribriform pattern with age, prostate-specific antigen at surgery day, Gleason on biopsy, Gleason after radical prostatectomy, extracapsular extension, vesicles invasion, margins, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, and post-operative radiotherapy. Results; From the univariable analysis, biochemical prostatespecific antigen recurrence (p = 0.001), extracapsular extension (p = 0.003), pre-operative prostate-specific antigen (p = 0.017), vesicles invasion, (p = 0.038) and post-operative radiotherapy (p < 0.001) showed an association with the presence of cribriform pattern. There was also a significant difference of cribriform pattern and Gleason 7 in needle biopsy (p = 0.020) and cribriform pattern and Gleason 8 or 9 in radical prostatectomy specimen (p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the increase in preoperative prostate-specific antigen had a high association with cribriform pattern. Further evidence is needed to discriminate preoperative prostate specific antigen values that might potentially be associated with the presence of cribriform pattern. Raising our knowledge about the cribriform pattern can be an excellent opportunity to correctly identify and treat patients who will eventually die from prostate cancer, sparing treatment in those who will not.
Subject(s)
Patient Selection , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , Watchful Waiting , Aged , Cohort Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prostatectomy/methods , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
Myxomas are rare tumours that can be found in many anatomical locations. There are only 17 cases of renal involvement documented. Our case is an 85 year-old man followed in our consultation with recurrent hematuria after a transurethral resection of a bladder tumour. Evaluation with CT showed a solid lesion with 23 x 18 mm partially obliterating the left inferior calyx. The patient underwent a left nephroureterectomy. Microscopic examination showed a mass within renal parenchyma adjacent to the renal pelvis composed of plump mildly atypical spindle cells distributed in a copious myxoid matrix. Immunohistochemical staining for Vimentine, Pankeratin (AE1/AE3-), CD34, CD31 and smooth muscle actin were negative. With these histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, the case was diagnosed as renal myxoma.