Ocular Manifestations of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease connected to the immune system, with a predilection for the gastrointestinal tract. However, a large proportion of the patients have extraintestinal manifestations (EIM), and the ocular system is affected in some patients. The clinical presentation of ocular pathology is broad, ranging from asymptomatic cases to blindness, leading to high morbidity. Ocular complications can be primary and, in general, are associated with episodes of acute flare-ups that subside with immunological management of the digestive disease. Secondary complications arise from the primary ones and as adverse effects of immunological treatment. In addition, on many occasions, the ocular manifestation may appear prior to the presentation of digestive symptoms. The presence of a multidisciplinary team that includes a gastroenterologist and an ophthalmologist is important in order to achieve early diagnosis of ocular complications, thereby preventing, treating, and avoiding unfavorable and irreversible long-term ocular sequelae.

Sociodemographic, environmental and labor conditions related to the presence of conjunctivitis and skin irritation in a group of informal street vendors in downtown Medellin, 2015-2019.

INTRODUCTION: Occupational diseases are those that may have a causal relationship with occupational activity or environment. However, this definition does not specify how this disease would be identified and acknowledged for workers with subsistence jobs. OBJECTIVES: To determine sociodemographic, labor and environmental conditions that collaborate to explain the presence of eye and skin irritation among informal vendors in downtown Medellin. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study with analytical intention, primary sources of information, and administration of assisted survey including self-reported eye and skin irritation in 686 workers. RESULTS: Predominantly male population with mean age of 50 (±11.8) years. A total of 23.5 % of workers had worked as vendors for their entire life; 37.5% had worked as vendors for 11 to 20 years as vendors; and 81.5%worked for more than 8 hours a day. According to 69.8% of the sample, poor air quality affected their work, and 80.0% believed that pollution was generated by vehicle fleet. The polluted areas generated unpleasant odors (50.2%) and air pollution (89.4%). The prevalence of eye and skin irritation was 65.4%. Not having working license and having fair, poor, or very poor job tenure significantly reduced the prevalence of eye and skin irritation. Conversely, exposure to polluted water, working in the professional for more than 30 years, male sex, and age older than 60 years were associated with increased prevalence of irritation. CONCLUSIONS: Eye and skin irritation was mainly explained by non-modifiable sociodemographic and labor conditions and by consumption of polluted water; however, implementing public health actions could reduce workers' socio-environmental and labor vulnerability.