Lesões orais secundárias à leishmaniose visceral em um cão com hiperadrenocorticismo endógeno: relato de caso / Oral lesions secondary to visceral leishmaniasis in a dog with endogenous hyperadrenocorticism: case report

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar um caso de leishmaniose visceral com apresentação mucosa em um cão com hiperadrenocorticismo. Um canino, macho, da raça Poodle, 11 anos de idade, foi atendido com histórico de disfagia, halitose e sialorreia. Ao exame físico, observou-se linfadenomegalia generalizada e alterações cutâneas, como rarefação pilosa, comedões, telangiectasia e atrofia cutânea. Além disso, o animal também apresentava formações orais localizadas na língua. Dos exames hematológicos e bioquímicos realizados, a única alteração encontrada foi elevação da fosfatase alcalina (1724u/L). O teste de supressão com a dexametasona em dose baixa foi executado para investigar hiperadrenocorticismo, tendo resultado positivo. Também foram realizados exames citológicos dos linfonodos, da medula óssea e das formações orais, tendo sido observada a presença de formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp. em todas as amostras. O animal foi submetido à biópsia incisional das formações orais, e a análise histopatológica demonstrou um quadro de inflamação granulomatosa com presença de grande quantidade de microrganismos morfologicamente compatíveis com formas amastigotas de Leishmania sp. no interior das células inflamatórias. Diante dos achados clínicos e dos exames complementares, diagnosticou-se um caso de leishmaniose com manifestação mucosa atípica, associado ao hiperadrenocorticismo, podendo essa endocrinopatia ter sido um fator predisponente para essa enfermidade infectocontagiosa.(AU)

The objective of the present study was to report a case of visceral leishmaniasis with mucosal presentation in a dog with hyperadrenocorticism. A canine, male, Poodle, 11 years old, was attended with a history of dysphagia, halitosis, and sialorreia. The physical examination revealed generalized lymphadenomegaly and cutaneous alterations such as hair loss, comedones, telangiectasia, and cutaneous atrophy. Futhermore, the animal also had localized oral formations on the tongue. From the hematological and biochemical tests performed, the only alteration was alkaline phosphatase elevation (1724u / L). The low dose dexamethasone suppression test was performed to investigate hyperadrenocorticism and found a positive result. In addition, cytological exams of lymph nodes, bone marrow and oral formations were also performed, and the presence of amastigote forms of Leishmania sp. were observed in all samples. The animal was submitted to incisional biopsy of the oral formations and the histopathological analysis showed a granulomatous inflammation with presence of large quantity of microorganisms morphologically compatible with amastigotes forms of Leishmania sp. within the inflammatory cells. Faced with clinical findings and complementary exams, a case of leishmaniasis with atypical mucosal manifestation, associated with hyperadrenocorticism, was diagnosed, and this endocrinopathy could have been a predisposing factor to this infectious-contagious disease.(AU)

Uso do fluralaner no tratamento da demodicidose canina juvenil generalizada: relato de caso / Use of fluralaner on canine generalized juvenile demodicosis treatment: case report

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar a eficácia do fluralaner no tratamento da demodicidose juvenil generalizada canina. Dois caninos, apresentando dois e três meses de idade, com diagnóstico clínico e parasitológico de demodicidose generalizada, foram tratados com administração única de fluralaner, na dose recomendada em bula pelo fabricante. Além disso, foi realizada a terapia adjuvante à base de xampu de peróxido de benzoíla e domperidona. Observou-se uma resposta terapêutica satisfatória, com repilação completa ao 30º dia após a administração do fármaco. Para cada paciente, foi realizado exame parasitológico do raspado cutâneo aos 75 e 90 dias seguintes ao início do tratamento, e todos foram negativos. Tendo em vista a elevada eficácia do tratamento proposto, sugere-se a inclusão do fluralaner nos protocolos terapêuticos destinados à demodicidose canina, particularmente nos pacientes pediátricos e com a forma generalizada da doença.(AU)

The aim of the present study was to report the efficiency of fluralaner on the treatment of two cases of canine generalized juvenile demodicosis. Two puppies, aging two and three months old, with the clinic and parasitological diagnosis of generalized demodicosis were treated with single administration of fluralaner. according to the dose recommended by the responsible laboratory. Additionally, adjuvant therapy was applied using benzoyl peroxide shampoo and domperidone. A satisfactory therapeutic response was observed, and complete repilation was present at the 30th day after drug administration. For each patient, at the 75th and 90th day after the treatment began, skin scrapings were performed in order to investigate the presence of Demodex sp; and all were negative. Considering the high efficiency of the treatment used, we suggest the inclusion of fluralaner on the therapeutic protocol for canine demodicosis, particularly in pediatric patients and with the generalized form of the disease.(AU)

Adenomiose uterina em gata associada à piometra / Uterine adenomyosis in a queen associated to pyometra

Adenomyosis, a non-neoplastic myometrial proliferation, is a rare pathologic condition in domestic animals, of unknown etiology. There is a lack of information about the clinical and pathological features of this disease in cats, therefore just a few reports in that species. The study describes a case of adenomyosis in a feline female. A cat, six years old, undefined breed, not spayed, had abdominal swelling history and vaginal discharge. Clinically, upon abdominal palpation, a diffuse increase suggesting a uterine change was found. The vulva had sanguine-purulent exudates. The choice was for the neutering surgical. Uterine macroscopy revealed cystic endometrial hyperplasia/pyometra in uterine horns, and the presence of a diffuse mass on uterine corpus. Fragments of the mass were sent for histopathological analysis, which revealed adenomyosis of the uterine corpus. The patient exhibited adequate post-operative recovery. The adenomyosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis of uterine neoformation in domestic cats.(AU)

Comparison among different cryoprotectants for cryopreservation of epididymal sperm from agouti (Dasyprocta leporina).

We verify the effects of different cryoprotectants on the cryopreservation of agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) epididymal sperm. We used 16 pairs of testes-epididymis complexes of sexually mature animals. We immediately evaluated epididymal sperm obtained by retrograde flushing for concentration, motility, vigor, viability, osmotic response, and morphology. Samples were extended in a coconut water extender plus 20% egg yolk, containing glycerol, ethylene glycol, dimethylsulfoxide - DMSO, or dimethylformamide. Finally, samples were stored in 0.25 mL straws, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and thawed after one week, being reevaluated and assessed for membrane integrity using fluorescent probes. The higher values for postthawing sperm motility, vigor, and membrane integrity were achieved by the usage of glycerol, when compared to ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide (P < 0.05); however, no differences were found between glycerol and DMSO (P > 0.05). All cryoprotectants provided a similar effect on the preservation of sperm morphology, osmotic response, and viability (P > 0.05). Therefore, here onwards, there was testing of glycerol and DMSO at 3 and 6% concentrations using the same freezing-thawing protocol reported previously. As the main result, DMSO at 6% concentration provided a decrease in sperm parameters, as well as in the chromatin integrity and in the binding capability of sperm. In conclusion, glycerol 3 or 6% and DMSO 3% can be used as alternative cryoprotectants for agouti epididymal sperm cryopreservation.

Morphology, morphometry and ultrastructure of captive six-banded armadillo (Euphractus sexcinctus) sperm.

We analyzed the sperm characteristics of captive six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus), by the assessment of sperm morphology, morphometry, and ultrastructure. In general, armadillo's ejaculates present more than 80% of sperm within the range considered normal for sperm morphology currently accepted for other mammals. Coiled tails (3.9%) and detached heads (2.8%) were the defects most frequently verified. The morphometric analysis revealed that the total length of six-banded armadillo sperm is 77.6±1.2µm, and the length of the tail is 64.7±1.1µm on average. They also present a big head that corresponds to 16.6% of the entire sperm. Through transmission electron microscopy, we identified the presence of electron lucent points into the nucleus and the presence of about 45 mitochondria spirals in the mitochondrial sheath midpiece as a peculiarity of the six-banded armadillo sperm.

Individual variation related to testicular biometry and semen characteristics in collared peccaries (Tayassu Tajacu Linnaeus, 1758).

The aim of this research was to study the individual variation with regard to the morphometry of the testes evaluated by ultrasonography and semen characteristics and to verify the existence of relationship between these variables in collared peccaries. In addition, the testes of the animals were evaluated by histology in order to determine the proportion occupied by the seminiferous tubules. A total of 52 ejaculates were obtained from ten adult specimens that had been restrained by anesthesia. The testicular measurements (length, height, and width) were performed by ultrasonography, and the testicular volume was calculated according to Lambert's formula. The scrotal circumference was measured by encircling the thickest portion of the testicle with a graduated nylon tape. The semen was collected by electroejaculation. Testicular fragments were analyzed through classic histology for the determination of the area occupied by the seminiferous tubules. The results show a great amount of individual variation with regard to testicular morphometry and semen characteristics. No significant correlations were obtained between testicular measurements and semen characteristics. The histometric analysis revealed that 67.8% of the testes are occupied by seminiferous tubules. Results show that the measurement of testicular dimensions does not serve as an indicator of the quality of semen obtained by electroejaculation in collared peccaries, as there is no correlation between testicular morphometry and semen characteristics in this species that presents large variations among individuals.

Cryopreservation of collared peccaries (Tayassu tajacu) semen using a powdered coconut water (ACP-116c) based extender plus various concentrations of egg yolk and glycerol.

The objective was to determine the effectiveness of a powdered coconut water-based extender (ACP-116c), plus various concentrations of egg-yolk and glycerol, as an alternative for cryopreservation of collared peccary semen. Twelve ejaculates were obtained from captive adult males by electroejaculation, and evaluated for sperm motility, kinetic rating, viability, morphology, and functional membrane integrity. The ejaculates were apportioned into aliquots that were diluted in Tris plus 10% egg yolk and 3% glycerol, or in ACP-116c plus 10 or 20% egg yolk and 1.5 or 3% glycerol. Samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and, after 1 mo, thawed at 37 °C for 1 min. After thawing, samples were evaluated as reported for fresh semen, and also for sperm membrane integrity (fluorescent probes) and kinematic parameters (computerized analysis). Results were presented as means ± SEM. Freezing and thawing decreased sperm characteristics relative to fresh semen. Overall, ACP-116c plus 20% egg yolk and 3% glycerol provided better (P < 0.05) sperm motility and kinetic rating (48 ± 6.1% and 2.8 ± 0.2, respectively) after thawing than Tris extender (30.4 ± 5.7% and 2.4 ± 0.2). However, there were no differences (P > 0.05) among treatments with regard to the other sperm characteristics. Based on computerized motion analysis, total (26.5 ± 5.9%) and progressive (8.1 ± 2.2%) motility were best preserved (P < 0.05) with the above-mentioned treatment. In conclusion, a coconut water-based extender, ACP-116c, plus 20% egg yolk and 3% glycerol, was effective for cryopreservation of semen from collared peccaries.