ABSTRACT
Aim: To analyze the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) compared to traditional health education among mothers in improving children's oral health and behavioral changes. Review methods: The search strategy was framed using relevant MeSH terms and free text terms in PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for the articles published in the English language between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2020. Only randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, and clinical trials comparing MI with traditional health education were included. Cochrane risk of bias (ROB) tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies, and Review Manager 5.3 software was used for computing results. Results: A total of 9 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 5 for quantitative synthesis from an initial search of 3,708 articles. The cumulative mean difference for dental caries was -1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI)-1.37-0.70] p < 0.00001, for frequency of toothbrushing Pooled odds ratio was 1.69 (95% CI-0.68-4.25) p = 0.26 and for in-between snacking was 0.83 with (95% CI-0.48-1.44) p = 0.51. A significant difference was present in dental caries among children with mothers in the MI group, while no difference was present in in-between snacking and frequency of toothbrushing between both the groups. Conclusion: Motivational interviewing (MI) prove to be significantly effective in reducing newer dental caries for shorter duration; however, long-term effectiveness could not be assessed. Clinical significance: Motivational interviewing (MI) can be considered an effective and feasible method for oral health education to mothers, which will, in turn, improve the oral health of their children. Protocol registration: International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) under registration code. CRD42021224278. How to cite this article: Karande PH, Shetty VB, Vinay V, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Oral Health and Behavior Changes in Children after Motivational Interviewing and Traditional Method of Oral Health Education among Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(3):464-473.
ABSTRACT
In India, 14.6% of adolescents are currently using tobacco in any form and tobacco control is a major public health challenge. The objective of this systematic review is to analyze all the existing literature and evaluate the effectiveness of school-based tobacco use prevention programs for adolescents in India. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020159535). Studies were selected using database search, manual search, gray literature, reference chasing, and contacting the authors. All randomized controlled trials, cluster-randomized trials, quasi-experimental, and non-randomized studies reporting school-based tobacco use preventive interventions for adolescents in India; articles published in English (other languages where it can be translated to English) published between January 2000 till May 2020 were included. Data was independently extracted by two reviewers. The Risk of bias (RoB) and quality of the study were assessed using appropriate tools. Among 7972 identified articles, only 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. Each study implemented a unique intervention and measured distinct outcomes. Postintervention, all the studies reported improvements in the study group with respect to the reduction of tobacco use and change in the knowledge, attitude, practices, and/or behavior outcome parameters. Twelve study results were based on short-term assessment. Overall, a 5.17-17.0% tobacco use reduction rate was noted. RoB was high for six studies. Key methodological problems related to study design, duration, outcome parameter, follow-up time, type of intervention, and attrition were identified. School-based tobacco use prevention programs for adolescents in India might have shown positive outcomes but are associated with significant limitations.
Subject(s)
Nicotiana , School Health Services , Adolescent , Humans , Tobacco Use/prevention & control , Schools , Public HealthABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the effect of newer and traditional oral health education (OHE) methods in improving oral health knowledge, oral hygiene status and practices, plaque, gingival, and dental caries status of visually impaired children. METHODOLOGY: Comprehensive literature search was performed by using PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Google scholar, and Open Gray from 2010 to 2020 for studies in English language. Two reviewers critically assessed the studies for eligibility criteria, and data extraction was performed. Quality assessment of selected studies was executed according to the study designs. A meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3 software. RESULTS: Twenty-four articles were included for qualitative synthesis and out that 11 in meta-analysis. Cumulative standardized mean difference for plaque (Silness and Loe, 1964) and gingival index (Loe and Silness, 1963) was -0.45 (-0.88, -0.02, p = 0.04) and -0.54 (-1.10, 0.03, p = 0.06), respectively favoring newer OHE group as compared to traditional OHE group. Comparison of different newer OHE methods had similar effects on the oral health of visually impaired children. CONCLUSION: The study period of included studies was short-term, so long-term effectiveness could not be assessed, however newer OHE methods were effective in improving plaque and gingival scores over a short period.
