Machine learning-based decision support system for orthognathic diagnosis and treatment planning.

BACKGROUND: Dento-maxillofacial deformities are common problems. Orthodontic-orthognathic surgery is the primary treatment but accurate diagnosis and careful surgical planning are essential for optimum outcomes. This study aimed to establish and verify a machine learning-based decision support system for treatment of dento-maxillofacial malformations. METHODS: Patients (n = 574) with dento-maxillofacial deformities undergoing spiral CT during January 2015 to August 2020 were enrolled to train diagnostic models based on five different machine learning algorithms; the diagnostic performances were compared with expert diagnoses. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. The adaptive artificial bee colony algorithm was employed to formulate the orthognathic surgical plan, and subsequently evaluated by maxillofacial surgeons in a cohort of 50 patients. The objective evaluation included the difference in bone position between the artificial intelligence (AI) generated and actual surgical plans for the patient, along with discrepancies in postoperative cephalometric analysis outcomes. RESULTS: The binary relevance extreme gradient boosting model performed best, with diagnostic success rates > 90% for six different kinds of dento-maxillofacial deformities; the exception was maxillary overdevelopment (89.27%). AUC was > 0.88 for all diagnostic types. Median score for the surgical plans was 9, and was improved after human-computer interaction. There was no statistically significant difference between the actual and AI- groups. CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning algorithms are effective for diagnosis and surgical planning of dento-maxillofacial deformities and help improve diagnostic efficiency, especially in lower medical centers.

Abdominal core muscle strength training in weightlifters / Treinamento de força do centro abdominal em halterofilistas / Entrenamiento de fuerza del núcleo abdominal en levantadores de pesas

ABSTRACT Introduction: Lifting weights requires muscular capacity, strength, and determination. Strength training for weightlifters stimulates the nervous system and promotes muscle hypertrophy. Strength training is the most important point in weightlifters' training. Objective: Explore the effects of abdominal core strength training on the physical fitness of weightlifters. Methods: 26 weightlifters were selected by random sampling. The athletes participated in physical training for 26 weeks. Athletes' physical fitness was measured before and after training. Tests included the y-Balance test, stability exercises, and abdominal center strength. After each training session, the players used foam rollers and baseballs for recovery training. After the experiment was completed, the data was analyzed by mathematical statistics. Results: The left lower limb stability of the weightlifters was better than the right in the Ans direction; in all three directions, there were extremely significant ipsilateral differences before and after the experiment(P<0.05). There was a highly significant difference between the level and super level of the ipsilateral upper limbs of the athletes (P<0.05). Conclusion: Weightlifters who practiced abdominal core strength exercises significantly improved the dynamic stability of the lower limbs. Young male weightlifters' upper limb motion stability is more symmetrical during abdominal core strength exercises. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: A elevação de pesos exige capacidade muscular, força e determinação. O treinamento de força para halterofilistas estimula o sistema nervoso e promove a hipertrofia muscular. Sendo o treinamento de força é o ponto mais importante no treino dos halterofilistas. Objetivo: Explorar os efeitos do treinamento de força do centro abdominal sobre a aptidão física dos halterofilistas. Métodos: 26 halterofilistas foram selecionados por amostragem aleatória. Os atletas participaram do treinamento físico durante 26 semanas. A aptidão física dos atletas foi medida antes e depois do treinamento. Entre os testes estão o teste y-Balance, exercícios de estabilidade e força do centro abdominal. Após cada treinamento, os jogadores utilizaram rolos de espuma e bolas de beisebol para o treinamento de recuperação. Após a conclusão do experimento, os dados foram analisados por estatísticas matemáticas. Resultados: A estabilidade do membro inferior esquerdo dos halterofilistas foi melhor do que o direito na direção Ans; nas três direções, houveram diferenças ipsilaterais extremamente significativas antes e depois do experimento(P<0,05). Houve uma diferença muito significativa entre o nível e o super nível dos membros superiores do ipsilateral dos atletas (P<0,05). Conclusão: Halterofilistas que praticaram exercícios de força do centro abdominal melhoraram significativamente a estabilidade dinâmica dos membros inferiores. A estabilidade do movimento dos membros superiores dos jovens halterofilistas masculinos é mais simétrica durante o exercício de força do centro abdominal. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La halterofilia requiere capacidad muscular, fuerza y determinación. El entrenamiento de fuerza para levantadores de pesas estimula el sistema nervioso y promueve la hipertrofia muscular. El entrenamiento de fuerza es el punto más importante en el entrenamiento de los levantadores de pesas. Objetivo: Explorar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza en el núcleo abdominal sobre la aptitud física de los levantadores de pesas. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 26 levantadores de pesas por muestreo aleatorio. Los atletas participaron en el entrenamiento físico durante 26 semanas. Se midió la aptitud física de los atletas antes y después del entrenamiento. Las pruebas incluían el test y-Balance y, ejercicios de estabilidad y fuerza del núcleo abdominal. Después de cada sesión de entrenamiento, los jugadores utilizaron rodillos de espuma y pelotas de béisbol para el entrenamiento de recuperación. Una vez finalizado el experimento, los datos se analizaron mediante estadística matemática. Resultados: La estabilidad de la extremidad inferior izquierda de los levantadores de pesas fue mejor que la derecha en la dirección Ans; en las tres direcciones, hubo diferencias ipsilaterales extremadamente significativas antes y después del experimento (P<0,05). Hubo una diferencia altamente significativa entre el nivel y el supernivel de los miembros superiores ipsilaterales de los atletas (P<0,05). Conclusión: Los levantadores de pesas que practicaron ejercicios de fuerza del núcleo abdominal mejoraron significativamente la estabilidad dinámica de los miembros inferiores. La estabilidad del movimiento de las extremidades superiores de los jóvenes levantadores de pesas es más simétrica durante el ejercicio de fuerza del núcleo abdominal. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

A global 0.05° dataset for gross primary production of sunlit and shaded vegetation canopies from 1992 to 2020.

Distinguishing gross primary production of sunlit and shaded leaves (GPPsun and GPPshade) is crucial for improving our understanding of the underlying mechanisms regulating long-term GPP variations. Here we produce a global 0.05°, 8-day dataset for GPP, GPPshade and GPPsun over 1992-2020 using an updated two-leaf light use efficiency model (TL-LUE), which is driven by the GLOBMAP leaf area index, CRUJRA meteorology, and ESA-CCI land cover. Our products estimate the mean annual totals of global GPP, GPPsun, and GPPshade over 1992-2020 at 125.0 ± 3.8 (mean ± std) Pg C a-1, 50.5 ± 1.2 Pg C a-1, and 74.5 ± 2.6 Pg C a-1, respectively, in which EBF (evergreen broadleaf forest) and CRO (crops) contribute more than half of the totals. They show clear increasing trends over time, in which the trend of GPP (also GPPsun and GPPshade) for CRO is distinctively greatest, and that for DBF (deciduous broadleaf forest) is relatively large and GPPshade overwhelmingly outweighs GPPsun. This new dataset advances our in-depth understanding of large-scale carbon cycle processes and dynamics.

Assessment of left ventricular function in chronic alcoholics by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.

Chronic alcohol consumption may lead to progressive cardiac dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using real-time 3-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) on assessing left ventricular (LV) function in chronic alcoholics.We classified 92 male alcoholics into mild, moderate, and severe groups; 30 age-matched controls were also recruited. LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), LV end-systolic volume (LVESV), LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV mass (LVM), LV mass index (LVMI), and systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI) were measured by 3DE and 2-dimensional echocardiography (2DE).Compared to the control group, LV volume and mass were higher in the moderate and severe alcoholic groups (P < 0.05). The severe alcoholic (symptomatic) group demonstrated decreased LVEF and increased SDI (detected by 3DE) (P < 0.05).Real-time 3DE can detect the increases of LV volumes and mass in asymptomatic alcoholics, and the changes of LVEF and systolic synchrony index in symptomatic alcoholics.