ABSTRACT
Adequate oxygen supply is essential for maintaining the body's normal physiological function. In chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), insufficient oxygen reaching the intestine triggers the regulatory system in response to environmental changes. However, the pathogenesis of IBD is still under investigation. Recent research has highlighted the significant role of hypoxia in IBD, particularly the involvement of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) and their regulatory mechanisms, making them promising therapeutic targets for IBD. This review will delve into the role of hypoxia, HIF, and the associated hypoxia-inflammatory microenvironment in the context of IBD. Potential interventions for addressing these challenging gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases will also be discussed within this framework.
ABSTRACT
Serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase gene family, is primarily regulated by serum and glucocorticoids. SGK1 is involved in the development of tumors and fibrotic diseases. However, relatively little research has been conducted on their role in immune and inflammatory diseases. SGK1 may act as a pivotal immune regulatory gene by modulating immune cells (e.g., T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils) and functions and is involved in the pathogenesis of some immune and inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, allergic diseases, sepsis, and major depressive disorder. This review aims to provide an overview of the latest research focusing on the immune and inflammatory regulatory roles of SGK1 and provide new insights into diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for immune and inflammatory diseases.
Subject(s)
Depressive Disorder, Major , Immediate-Early Proteins , Humans , Glucocorticoids , Immediate-Early Proteins/genetics , Immediate-Early Proteins/metabolism , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolismABSTRACT
In the title compound, C(22)H(21)BrO, other than the Br atom, the non-H atoms are approximately co-planar [maxium deviation = 0.178â (2)â Å] and the alk-oxy chain shows an all-anti conformation. A weak inter-molecular C-Hâ¯Br hydrogen bond contributes to the stabilization of the crystal structure.