Spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and traceability analysis of organic matter in Shahe Reservoir (Beijing, China).

Shahe Reservoir is a key node in the upstream of the North Canal, and the water quality has gradually improved after the implementation of low water operation in 2018. The organic matter(OM) in the sediment decreased from 16.66 to 14.22%.In this study, the FI index and parallel factor method were used to investigate the traceability of OM and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the Shahe Reservoir before and during low water level operation(LWLO), and the results showed that the terrestrial source fraction of OM in sediments was mainly related to organic-rich terrestrial plant residues carried by tributaries and overflows/outfalls during the rainy season, and the FI index indicated that the organic matter (OM) in the Shahe Reservoir before and during LWLO in each DOM in the area is derived from authigenic sources of autotrophic microorganisms, algae, etc. The parallel factor method shows that more than most of the pollutants in the DOM are input from endogenous sources and a small proportion of pollutants are input from exogenous sources. Nutrients in both sediment and interstitial water increased during the LWLO, with TN and TP levels increasing by 262.38 and 204.45 mg·kg-1 in sediment, NH4+-N, PO43--P, TN and TP in interstitial water increasing by 0.98, 1.36, 2.07 and 4.33 mg·L-1, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that OM was significantly correlated with nutrients: OM and TN (p < 0.01) and OM and TP (p < 0.05) in the pre-LWLO; OM and TN and TP (p < 0.01) in the LWLO.The results suggested that organic matter pollution control should be mainly carried out from the perspective of endogenous input, focusing on controlling the release of nutrients in sediments.

Advance in remediated of heavy metals by soil microbial fuel cells: Mechanism and application.

In the past decade, studies on the remediation of heavy metals contaminated soil by microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have attracted broad attention because of the self-generated power and their multifield principles such as the extracellular electron transfer (EET) reduction, electromigration for heavy metals removal. However, given the bio electro-motive power from soil MFCs is weak and fluctuated during the remediation, we need to comprehensively understand the origination of driving force in MFC based on the analysis of the fundamental rationale of ion moving in cells and improve the performance via the appropriate configurations and operations. In this review, we first described the structures of soil MFCs for heavy metals remediation and compared the advantages of different types of configurations. Then, based on the theoretical models of heavy metal migration, enrichment, and reduction in soil MFCs, the optimization of soil MFCs including the length of the remediation area, soil conductivity, control of electrode reaction, and modification of electrodes were proposed. Accordingly, this review contributes to the application of bioelectrochemistry to efficiently remove heavy metals from soils.

Long non-coding RNA LINC01018 inhibits human glioma cell proliferation and metastasis by directly targeting miRNA-182-5p.

AIM: Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs are potential biomarkers and key regulators of tumor development and progression. However, the precise function of most lncRNAs in glioma remains unknown. In this study, we explored the role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1018 (LINC01018) in human glioma. METHODS: Expression levels of LINC01018 and miR-182-5p in clinical glioma tissues and cell lines were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Transwell assay. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins were measured by Western blotting. Direct relationship between LINC01018 and miR-182-5p was tested by dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation assay (RIP), and rescue assays. Lastly, bioinformatics analyses were conducted to predict the downstream factors of LINC01018/miR-182-5p axis in glioma. RESULTS: LINC01018 was significantly down-regulated in glioma tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of LINC01018 dramatically inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and reverse EMT process in glioma. LINC01018 directly target to miR-182-5p. Forced up-regulation of miR-182-5p reversed the inhibitory effects on proliferative and metastatic abilities of glioma cells with LINC01018 overexpression. Lastly, the bioinformatics analyses revealed that LINC01018/miR-182-5p axis mediated a cluster of downstream genes (ADRA2C, RAB6B, RAB27B, RAPGEF5, STEAP2, TAGLN3, and UNC13C), which were potential key factors in the development of glioma. CONCLUSION: LINC01018 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in human glioma by targeting miR-182-5p, and should be considered as a potential therapeutic target in this cancer.

Serum level of cytokine IL-30 in psoriatic patients and correlation with disease severity.

Psoriasis is a common chronic immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder characterized by erythematous silvery scaling of the skin and associated severe itching. Reports indicate that psoriasis is affecting about 2% of the world population and life quality in a way that limits the patient activity and thereby productivity in a community. Therefore, determining appropriate therapeutics for psoriasis would make a difference in the lives of the patients and their communities. To address this, scientists have been working on different biological agents, such as interleukins and their antagonists, to regulate the common inflammatory process in psoriasis. For the current research project, serum was collected from 26 psoriatic patients and another 26 health controls, and the serums were examined for the level of IL-30 to determine differences among the tested groups and to investigate a possible correlation between IL-30 and psoriasis area severity index (PASI). The study delineated differences of the IL-30 among the groups and a positive correlation between IL-30 and PASI among the psoriatic cases, which insights a need for further studies that include a large scale of participants to fully elucidate the involvement of IL-30 in psoriasis.

Effects of high-fat feeding on growth and expression of IGF-1 and IRS-1 in adolescent rats / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the effects of high-fat feeding on growth and the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1),insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in adolescent rats'liver with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,and to elucidate the relationship between growth failure in adolescent rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and IGF-1,IRS-1 turbulence.Methods Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley (SD) young rats of 21 days were randomly divided into normal control group(NC group,n =18) and high-fat feeding group(HF group,n =18).Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) model was induced by feeding the SD rats with high-fat food.Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression levels of IGF-1 and IRS-1 in liver tissue.The expressions of mRNA of IGF-1 and IRS-1 were measured by RT-PCR.Results Compared with NC group,the serum alanine amino transferase (ALT),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG) of HF group in the 6th,8 th,12th week were gradually increased.The serum ALT [(194.67 ± 11.15) U/L],TC [(1.81 ± 0.09) mmol/L],TG [(0.34 ± 0.05) mmol/L] contents of HF group at 8th week were higher than those at 6th week [(166.00 ± 22.01) U/L,(1.52 ± 0.22) mmol/L,(0.41 ±0.12) mmol/L,respectively],and the serum ALT[(213.0 ±27.67) U/L],TC[(2.15 ±0.37) mmol/L],TG[(0.38 ±0.15)mmol/L] contents of the 12th week were significantly increased compared with 6th week and 8th week.The constitution and body length of the HF group were lower than those of the normal control group.With time extended,the liver tissue steatosis,inflammation,the balloon like change of the liver tissue pathology of HF group in 6,8,12th week gradually increased.Immunohistochemistry results showed that HF group IRS-1 [(1.46 ± 0.23),(0.74 ± 0.17),(0.85 ± 0.31)],IGF-1 [(0.92 ± 0.02),(0.83 ± 0.02),(0.77 ± 0.03)] expression gradually decreased,the difference was statistically significant(F =36.024,P ＜ 0.05).IGF-1 and IRS-1 mRNA expressions in HF group were consistent.Conclusion The liver tissue IGF-1 and IRS-1 are correlated with the weight and body length.The growth failure of young rats induced by high-fat feeding may be related to the decreased expression of IGF-1 and IRS-1.

miR-200b suppresses glioma cell invasion by targeting PROM1 / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore whether miR-200b suppresses tumor cell invasion by targeting PROM1, thus to reveal the molecular mechanism that miR-200b functions as a tumor suppressor in glioma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PROM1 3'UTR-luciferase vector was constructed and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to examine the effect of miR-200b on luciferase activity. Human glioblastoma U87 cells were transfected with miR-200b mimics, and next qRT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect the expressions of PROM1 mRNA and protein. The effect of PROM1 down-regulation on invasion was observed after PROM1 siRNA were transfected into U87 cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The miR-200b bound to the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of PROM1 and inhibited the luciferase activity. Its luciferase activity was down-regulated by 57.0% (P < 0.01). PROM1 protein and mRNA expressions were significantly down-regulated when miR-200b was overexpressed in the U87 cells (P < 0.05). siRNA-mediated down-regulation of PROM1 suppressed the potential of cell invasion. The invasion ability of SKOV3 cells after transfection with siRNA-PROM1 was significantly lower than that in the negative control cells (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>miR-200b may suppress cell invasion by targeting PROM1 in glioma.</p>

Study on 1H-MRS of prefrontal lobe and executive functions in patients with post-concussion syndrome / 实用医学杂志

Objective To identify the metabolic levels in prefrontal lobe in patients with post-concussion syndrome by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), and to explore the relationship between metabolic levels and executive function. Methods The study was conducted in 40 patients with post-concussion syndrome and 20 normal controls. 1H-MRS on prefrontal lobe was performed in patients and controls, the NAA, Cho and Cr were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/(Cho + Cr) were determined. They were also evaluated executive functions by verbal fluency test (animal), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WSCT) and Tower of Hanoi (TOH). Results Compared with normal controls, the patients with post-concussion syndrome were significantly lower NAA/Cr and NAA/(Cho+Cr) ratios in left prefrontal lobe (P < 0.05). The NAA/Cr ratio in left prefrontal was significantly positive correlated with total scores of verbal fluency (r = 0.66, P < 0.05), categories of WSCT (r = 0.54,P < 0.05) and total score of TOH(r = 0.58, P < 0.05). The NAA/Cr ratio was significantly negative correlated with total errors (r = -0.53, P < 0.05) and persistent errors (r = -0.47, P < 0.05) of WSCT and mean executive time of TOH(r = -0.67, P < 0.05). Conclusions The metabolic levels of NAA in left prefrontal lobe in patients with post-concussion syndrome is significantly decreased , it is one cause of impaired executive functions.

Incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, 2010 / 癌症

Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor in China and a major health concern. We aimed to estimate the liver cancer incidence and mortality in China in 2010 using liver cancer data from some Chinese cancer registries and provide reference for liver cancer prevention and treatment. We collected and evaluated the incidence and mortality data of liver cancer in 2010 from 145 cancer registries, which were included in the 2013 Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report, calculated crude, standardized, and truncated incidences and mortalities, and estimated new liver cancer cases and deaths from liver cancer throughout China and in different regions in 2010 from Chinese practical population. The estimates of new liver cancer cases and deaths were 358,840 and 312,432, respectively, in China in 2010. The crude incidence, age-standardized rate by Chinese standard population (ASR China), and age-standardized rate by world standard population (ASR world) were 27.29/100,000, 21.35/100,000, and 20.87/100,000, respectively; the crude, ASR China, and ASR world mortalities were 23.76/100,000, 18.43/100,000, and 18.04/100,000, respectively. The incidence and mortality were the highest in western regions, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, and higher in males than in females. The age-specific incidence and mortality of liver cancer showed a rapid increase from age 30 and peaked at age 80-84 or 85+. Our results indicated that the 2010 incidence and mortality of liver cancer in China, especially in undeveloped rural areas and western regions, were among high levels worldwide. The strategy for liver cancer prevention and treatment should be strengthened.

Rabbit hair follicle stem cells and urethral mucosa stem cells used as seed cells for urethra tissue engineering: A comparison study / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To compare the phenotypes and biological characteristics between the rabbit hair follicle stem cells and urethral mucosa stem cells, and to explore the feasibility of using hair follicle stem cells as seed cells for tissue engineering urethra. Methods Rabbit hair follicle stem cells and urethral mucosa stem cells were isolated and cultured in vitro, and the cells with diameter <10 μm and integrin-α6+ /CD71- were sorted using flow cytometry. The maximum amplification factor and clone forming ability of the two kinds of cells were calculated. The positive rates of K19, p63 and β1-integrin in the two kinds of cells were detected by flow cytometry. The enriched stem cells were implanted in the urethral stent to construct tissue engineering urethra. Histology and fluorescent staining were used to observe the tissue-engineered urethra. Results The maximum amplification multiples of rabbit hair follicle stem cells and urethral mucosa stem cells were (6. 1±0. 8)×104 and (7. 1±1. 1)×103, respectively; and the clone formation rates were (10. 1±1. 3)% and (4. 3±1. 1)%, respectively. The positive rates of K19, p63, and β1-integrin in hair follicle stem cells were (90. 53±6. 77) %, (93.31±5.57)%, and (91. 17±6.98)%, respectively; and those in urethral mucosa stem cells were (88. 50±4. 95)%, (91. 63±5. 86)%, and (93. 35±6. 28) %, respectively. Both hair follicle stem cells and urethral mucosa stem cells formed complex layer epithelioid structure on the stents, with positive staining for AE1/AE3. Conclusion Rabbit hair follicle stem cells and urethral mucosa stem cells can both serve as seed cells for constructing tissue engineering urethra. As for the availability of seed cells, hair follicle stem cells are more superior to the urethral mucosa stem cells.

Influence of serum prolactin on interleukin-6 secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect serum prolactin (PRL) level in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its correlations to SLE activity and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An electrochemiluminescence assay was employed to examine the serum content of PRL in 40 SLE patients and 20 healthy subjects, and the levels of IL-6 secretion by the PBMCs were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SLE patients showed a significantly higher serum level of PRL than healthy subjects, which was especially obvious in the active stage of the disease (P=0.000. Serum PRL in SLE patients was found to positively correlate to SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) (r=0.568, P=0.000). SLE patients with hyperprolactinemia showed a significantly higher level of IL-6 secretion by the PBMCs than those with normal serum PRL level (P=0.000). IL-6 secretion by the PBMCs isolated from SLE patients with normal PRL level and from healthy controls, especially the latter, increased significantly after stimulation of the cells with recombinant human PRL in vitro (P=0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum PRL may play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE. An elevated PRL level is closely related to SLE activity and can be used to assess SLE activity. Increased serum PRL level can up-regulate the secretion of IL-6 by the PBMCs.</p>

Neuroendoscope-assisted microsurgery in patients with pituitary adenoma via pterional keyhole approach / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To explore the role of neuroendoscopy in microsurgery in patients with pituitary adenoma via pterional keyhole approach.Methods Thirty-three patients with pituitary adenomas in the sellar region were performed microscope-assisted microsurgery and neuroendoscope-assisted microsurgery via pterional keyhole approach.The data of these patients and the total removal rate of these 2 strategies were analyzed and compared.Results Of the 33 patients,20 achieved total removal of the pituitary adenoma with microscope-assisted microsurgery via pterional keyhole approach and 13 got subtotal removal.Then,these 13 patients were performed neuroendoscope-assisted microsurgery via pterional keyhole approach:total removal was received in 8 and subtotal removal in 5.The total removal percentage that was got under the help of neuroendoscope-assisted microsurgery(28/33)was significantly higher as compared with that using microsurgery(20/33,P<0.05).Conclusion Neuroendoscope-assisted microsurgery via pterional keyhole approach,being able to enlarge the visible field in the microsurgery in patients with pituitary adenoma,increases the complete resection rate,protects the pituitary stalk and decreases the happening of complications.

Correlation between PTPN22 gene polymorphism and systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese Han patients / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between 1858C/T single nucleotide polymorphism on exon 14 of the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor-22 (PTPN22) gene and systemic lupus erythematosus in Chinese Han patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty Chinese Han patients with SLE and 20 normal control subjects were enrolled in the study, and PTPN22 gene 1858 C/T polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant difference was found in the CC, CT, and TT genotype frequencies or in the C and T allele frequencies between the SLE patients and the normal controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>1858C/T on PTPN22 gene might not be associated with the susceptibility of SLE in Chinese Han population.</p>

Microsurgical treatment of intramedullary tumor in the superior cervical spinal cord / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the curative effect of microsurgery for intramedullary tumor in the superior cervical spinal cord.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical manifestations, microsurgical methods and results were reviewed retrospectively in 12 patients with intramedullary tumors in the superior cervical spinal cord.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No death occurred in these cases after the operations. The intramedullary tumors were totally resected in 10 patients including 8 with ependymomas and 2 with astrocytomas, and subtotally in 2 patients with astrocytomas. The spinal functions of patients, graded by McCormick scale system 3 months after the operations, were improved in 8 cases and remained unchanged in 4 cases. Nine patients were followed up for 1-3 years after the operations, and no tumor recurrence was found in 8 cases with total tumor resection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Radical microneurosurgery is currently the best choice for the treatment of intradullary tumor in the superior cervical spinal cord.</p>

Visuospatial impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease and its related factors / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To study the incidence of visuospatial impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease(PD)and its related factors.Methods Visuospatial impairment was assessed in 107 PD patients from 6 hospitals in Guangzhou during the period from April to June 2007 using cube copying test.The motor,neuropsyehiatric,and cognitive symptoms and the activities of daily life(ADL)of the patients were evaluated using Hoehn-Yahr scale,Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Score-Ⅱ (UPDRS-Ⅱ),UPDRS-Ⅲ,UPDRS-Ⅳ,Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA),Hamilton Rating Scale of Depression(HRSD),Fuld Object-Memory Evaluation(FONt),Rapid Verbal Retrieval Test(RVR),Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Block Design(WISC-BD),Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Digid Span(WAIS-DS),Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE),and Neuropsychiatric Inventory(NPI).Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the bivariate correlation between the visual-spatial ability and the related factors,and binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors related to visual-spatial disorder.Results Visuospatial impairment was found in 59 of the 107 patients(55.14%).Logistic regression analysis identified the Hoehn-Yahr stage and duration after disease onset as the risk factors,while RVR and WISCoBD as the protective factors for visuospatial impairment.Conclusion The Hoehn-Yahr stage,duration from disease onset,speech fluency,and image recognition and construction ability are related to visuospatial impairment in the PD patients.The visuospatial ability of the PD patients can be improved by relieving their motor symptoms and trainings for speech and image recognition and construction abilities.

Expression of transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of T-bet and GATA-3 mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 60 patients with SLE and 20 normal control subjects were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the normal controls, T-bet mRNA expression decreased whereas GATA-3 mRNA expression increased significantly in patients with SLE, active SLE and inactive SLE.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The high expression of GATA-3 promotes the immature T cells to differentiate into Th2 cells, induces Th2 cells to secrete the cytokines IL-6 and IL-10, which, along with the low expression of Th1 as a result of T-bet expression inhibition, causes B cell activation to produce a large quantity of autoantibodies, leading finally to multiple organ injuries. Effective regulation of GATA-3 expression may provide a new clue for the treatment of SLE.</p>

A pilot study of the relationship between the drainage cannula and the cerebral angioarchitecture in patients receiving stereotactic cannula placement for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical outcome of patients receiving stereotacticcannula placement for hypertensive intracerebral hematoma drainage and the relationship between thedrainage cannula and the cerebral angioarchitecture. Methods Sixty-three patients with hypertensiveintracerebral hematoma underwent operations for stereotactic placement of a soft tube for hematomadrainage. CT angiography and CT venography were performed prior to cannula withdrawal after thepatients' condition was stabilized or complete hematoma drainage. The relationship between the drainagecarmula, cerebral angioarchitecture and the entry route of the cannula were observed. ResultsPostoperative CT angiography and CT venography showed that the entry route of the cannula allowedsafe passage of the cannula along the cerebral arteries and veins, and the position of the cannula wasaccurate in all the patients. Satisfactory hematoma drainage and good postoperative recovery wasachieved in all the patients, and no significant injuries to the adjacent cerebral arteries or veins occurredin these cases. Conclusion Stereotactic cannula placement with the minimally invasive technique forhemotoma drainage causes minimal injury and is safe, effective, cost-effective and convenient fortreatment of hypertensive intracerebral hematoma.

Therapeutic effects of aspiration with a directional soft tube and conservative treatment on mild hemorrhage in the basal ganglion / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic effects of aspiration via a directional soft tube and conservative treatment in patients with mild hemorrhage in the basal ganglion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-five patients with mild cerebral hemorrhage (10~30 ml) were randomly divided into two groups for aspiration treatment with minimally invasive directional soft tube placement (minimally invasive group, n=36) and conservative treatment (medication group, n=39). The patients in the two groups had comparable mean GCS scores of 11-15 on admission. The clinical outcomes of the patients were compared between the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the minimally invasive group, complete removal or absorption of the hematoma occurred within an average of 3.8 days, significantly shortened in comparison with the 24 days in the medication group. The short-term (1 month) follow-up of the patients showed good neurological recovery in 58% of the patients in the minimally invasive group, significantly greater than the rate of 29% in the medication group; 6 months after the treatment, good neurological recovery was achieved in 50% of the patients in the minimally invasive group, but only 16% in the medication. No death occurred in the minimally invasive group, and 2 patients died in the medication group. The cost of hospitalization averaged 5136.3 Yuan in the minimally invasive group and 11843.6 Yuan in the medication group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with conservative treatment, the minimally invasive treatment with soft tube placement can significantly shorten the hospital stay, promote neurological function recovery, lower the mortality rate, and reduce the cost of hospitalization.</p>

Microsurgical anti endoscopic anatomy of sellar region related to key hole approach / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To study the endoscopic anatomy of operative fissures in the sellar region related to pterional key-hole approach and to provide the anatomic basis for endoscope-assisted microneuro-surgery in the region. Methods Fifteen cadaver heads were dissected via pterional key-hole approach and the five operative fissures(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ) were studied with both microscope and endoscope, by which the outcomes observed were recorded and compared. Results The basic information obtained by the pterio-nalkeyhole approach was comparable to that of the classic ptefional approach. According to the anatomic guideposts under neuroendoscope, the microstructures of the five fissures and Willis' circle would be well demonstrated. It is better to display the various anatomic structures in sellar region by neuroendoscope rather than microscope, particularly some important microstructures. Angled endoscope can be used to inspec thidden but important structure behind the arteries and nerves. Conclusion According to the anatomic guideposts, an endoscopy can be used to enhance the visible field of an operative microscope related to pterional key-hole approach. The endoscope-assisted microsurgery can reduce complications and injury of the important structures and increase the curative effect on the lesions in the sellar region.

Applied endoscopic anatomy study of operative fissures in sellar region via pterional keyhole approach / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective To study the neuroendoscopic anatomy of operative fissures in sellar region via pterional keyhole approach, providing an anatomical basis for neuroendoscope-assisted microneurosurgery (EAM) via this approach. Methods A total of 15 cadaveric heads were dissected via pterional keyhole approach and the anatomical structure of the five operative fissures were studied with neuroendoscope. Results Microanatomy of the operative fissures in sellar region was observed well by neuroendoscope, especially the minute structures, such as the superior hypophyseal artery (SHA)and the perforating arteries, backside hidden but important structures of which were inspected with angle endoscope "bypassing" the nerves or arteries. Conclusion An endoscope can be applied to enlarge the visible field of microsurgical anatomy in sellar region via peterional keyhole approach microsurgery.The neuroendoscope-assisted microsurgery can reduce intraoperative distraction of brain tissues and focal vessels or nerves in skull bottom, and complications to improve the efficacy of microsurgery in sellar region.

Effect of prolactin on CD40/CD154 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of prolactin on CD40 and CD154 expressions on the surface of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and explore the role of prolactin in the pathogenesis of SLE.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum prolectin level was detected in 30 SLE patients and 20 healthy volunteers, from whom peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were also isolated to examine the expressions of CD40 and CD154 using flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CD154 significantly increased on the PBMCs in SLE patients with high serum prolectin level in comparison with that in patients with normal prolactin level or the normal controls (P<0.05). When the PBMCs were incubated with recombinant human prolactin, CD154 expression was significantly increased in SLE patients with normal serum prolactin level (P<0.05), but not in the normal control group (P>0.05). Incubation of the PBMCs in the presence of bromocriptine did not result in significantly decreased CD154 expression in SLE patients irrespective of the prolactin level, nor was significant difference found in CD40 expression on the surface of PBMCs between SLE patients and the normal controls(P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Prolactin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE by increasing CD154 expression on the PBMCs, and bromocriptine produces no significant inhibitory effect on either endogenous or exogenous prolectin.</p>