Adaptation Process in Husbands of Iranian Women Undergoing Mastectomy From Diagnosis to Terminal Stages of the Disease: A Grounded Theory Study.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and the second cause of cancer-related death. This research was performed to interpret the adaptation process among husbands of Iranian women undergoing mastectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this grounded theory study, 23 participants were chosen purposefully and via convenient sampling. After interview with them about adaptation and ways of achieving it, note taking was done, which was analyzed via Strauss and Corbin approach. RESULTS: Six themes were extracted: Confrontation with crisis, Challenges and opportunities, husband transformation, supportive systems, attempts for life management, accepting an uninvited guest, with each having subclasses. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the present study the healthcare team and psychologists should identify this issue properly so that they could apply measures for facilitating the coping and acceptance of the issue in husbands of these patients.

Find Meaning and Help: The Lived Experiences and Support Needs of Iranian Muslim Husbands of Women Undergoing Mastectomy From Diagnosis to the End of Life.

The husbands of women undergoing mastectomy have been introduced as the patient's primary caregivers. This research was conducted to investigate the lived experiences of Iranian Muslim husbands of women undergoing mastectomy. In this phenomenological research, 18 participants were interviewed, and Van Menan's method of interpretation was used to interpret the data. 8 themes were extracted from the data analysis: physical problems, living in the shadow of fear and discomfort, and destiny is not blameless, modified roles, marital coldness, imposing a financial burden, spiritual care, and support failure. It is concluded that the husbands of these patients need comprehensive support, and the current support is not enough.

Designing and validating an adaptation questionnaire among the husbands of Iranian Muslim women with breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and is the second leading cause of cancer death. This disease affects all aspects of the patient's life and family, especially the patient's spouse, which confirms the need to adapt to these changes. The common instruments used for the investigation of adaptation among husbands of women with breast cancer are mainly outdated, one-dimensional, or non-concordant with the Iranian culture. Therefore, the present study aimed to design and validate an adaptation scale among the husbands of Iranian Muslim women suffering from breast cancer. Methods: This exploratory sequential mixed study was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative stages. In the qualitative stage, semi-structured interviews were performed with 21 participants. Then, items were developed through content analysis using the approach proposed by Elo and Kyngas on the basis of Roy's adaptation model. In the quantitative stage, the extracted items were reduced and psychometric properties such as face, content, and construct validity as well as reliability were explored. To investigate the construct validity, a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 300 husbands of women with breast cancer selected via cluster sampling. Results: The initial questionnaire contained 79 items. After the assessment of face and content validity, 59 items were evaluated regarding construct validity using exploratory factor analysis. At this stage, six adaptation dimensions were observed among the women's husbands, with the variance of 51.71. The Cronbach's alpha and correlation coefficient of the questionnaire were 0.912 and 0.701, respectively. Conclusion: The developed 51-item adaptation scale had an appropriate validity and reliability and could be used for the assessment of adaptation in the target group.

Lived Experience of Caring for Dying Muslim Patients in Emergency Room: A Phenomenological Study.

Death is a natural part of life, which mostly occurs in the ER. This study described the meaning of nurses' lived experience of caring for critical and dying patients in the ERs. In this qualitative study, 13 nurses who was purposefully selected. Data were collected using in-depth individual interviews. Data analysis used van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The experiences of caring for the dying patient were divided into two parts: experiences in patients with acute and chronic problems. In patients with acute problems, four themes were extracted: fight to the death, no time for palliative and spiritual care, lacking support for the family, no privacy for peaceful death. In patients with acute problems, four themes were extracted: Facilitating a peaceful death, Allocating time for palliative and spiritual care, support for the family, Attention to privacy. Therefore, attention should be paid to the fields of care and its inadequacies.

Comparison of the effects of virtual training by serious game and lecture on operating room novices' knowledge and performance about surgical instruments setup: a multi-center, two-arm study.

BACKGROUND: Game-based training is increasingly implemented in different nursing fields, as it allows students to learn experientially, with the flexibility to regulate their training based on their personal progresses and abilities. This study aimed to compare the effects of virtual training by the "Playing with Surgical Instruments (PlaSurIn)" game and the lecture on the surgical instruments setup knowledge and performance of Operating Room (OR) novices. METHODS: This study was conducted on 51 s-semester undergraduate OR technology students taking the course "An Introduction to Surgical Instruments and Equipment." An additional virtual training session was held via a learning management system using two different methods. The students of the Game Training Group (GTG, n = 27) played individually with the "PlaSurIn" game during a week, while the students of the Lecture Training Group (LTG, n = 24) received the lecture-based training during a week. To measure knowledge, all the students participated in a theoretical test with 10 multiple-choice questions before and immediately after the training. They also participated in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) after the training, and their performance was evaluated by the remained time for setup completion and the scores, errors, and bonuses. RESULTS: The mean score of the theoretical test was significantly higher in the GTG than in the LTG after the training (p = 0.040). Additionally, the GTG participants had higher scores (p = 0.016), fewer errors (p = 0.001), and higher bonuses (p = 0.011) compared to the LTG ones. The remained time for setup completion was also significantly longer in the GTG than in the LTG (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Virtual training by "PlaSurIn" was superior to the lecture-based method for the enhancement of surgical instruments setup knowledge and performance amongst OR novices.

Effect of aromatherapy with Damask rose on alleviating adults' acute pain severity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although recent studies have investigated the analgesic activity of Damask rose using aromatherapy in different painful conditions, the results are inconclusive. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effect of aromatherapy with Damask rose on adults' acute pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The online databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, ISI web of science, Embase, ProQuest, CENTRAL, CINAHL, SID, and MagIran were searched up to August 10, 2020. The aim of this study was to find randomized controlled trials on the effect of aromatherapy with Damask rose in any form of administration (inhalation, vapor diffusion, and massage) on different types of acute pain in adults. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Moreover, the quality of the evidence was evaluated by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Random effects model was applied to pool data using Stata. RESULTS: A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which only one was not included in the meta-analysis. Pooled analysis revealed that aromatherapy with Damask rose reduced the pain severity significantly (WMD: -2.12; 95% CI [-2.85, -1.40]; P < 0.001). Inhalation aromatherapy (WMD: -2.39; 95% CI [-3.31, -1.48]; P < 0.001) and aromatherapy massage (WMD: -1.16; 95% CI [-1.57, -0.75]; P < 0.001) also had significant effects on pain reduction. The quality of evidence was low. CONCLUSION: Aromatherapy with Damask rose had a favourable effect on reducing the severity of acute pain in adults. However, there is insufficient evidence for the clinical benefits of aromatherapy with Damask rose due to the low-quality evidence. Accordingly, more high quality randomized clinical trials are needed to make an evidence-based conclusion.

Educational games developed for students in perioperative nursing: A systematic review and appraisal of the evidence.

A systematic review was conducted on electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, CINAHL, and Embase until December 2017, using relevant keywords for educational games developed for nursing students in perioperative field. To evaluate the level of strength and quality of the evidence, the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) revised model for evidence appraisal was used. Of the 852 evidence, only 10 met the criteria and were reviewed and appraised. Educational games had focused on different learning domains, including skills, feelings, emotion, knowledge, performance, attitude, motivation, and interest. With respect to the evidence level, most evidence was categorized as V (expert opinion = 2, case report = 2, literature review = 1, and organizational experiences = 1), and only one was in level I (randomized controlled trial). The quality level of most evidence was high (n = 4) and low (n = 4), and the rating of most of them was moderate (n = 4) and limited (n = 4). Based on the findings, most evidence had inappropriate quality and was found to be weak. It seems that the investigated games are insufficient to promote the nursing students' learning outcomes in different domains. Accordingly, more high-quality studies are required to design and develop innovative and practical games for students in perioperative nursing by considering validity and reliability process.

Effects of topical sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil on the pain severity of chemotherapy-induced phlebitis in patients with colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chemotherapy-induced phlebitis (CIP) is one of the most important and common complications in patients with cancer. Currently, the use of complementary methods to prevent or alleviate phlebitis symptoms has attracted great attention. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of topical sesame oil in reducing the pain severity of CIP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 patients with colorectal cancer afflicted with CIP. Patients received, twice a day for seven consecutive days, a 5-min massage solely (as the control group) or with 10 drops of sesame oil (as the experimental group) within the 10 cm radius of the affected site. The pain severity was evaluated by the visual analog scale on the first, third, fifth, and seventh days of the intervention. RESULTS: Mean changes of the pain severity compared to the baseline were significant on the third (P = 0.009), fifth (P < 0.001), and seventh (P < 0.001) days of the intervention in favor of the experimental group. Also, a significant reduction in the pain severity both in the experimental and control groups was observed during the seven days (F = 720.66, Ptime < 0.001); however, the decrease was more significant in the experimental group (F = 21.46, Pgroup < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Application of massage with sesame oil as a complementary method is effective in reducing the pain severity of patients with CIP.

Workplace Violence Against Iranian Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nurses are exposed to workplace violence more than other healthcare professionals. This study aims to examine the prevalence of different types of workplace violence against Iranian nurses. A systematic review and meta-analysis were designed according to the PRISMA statement. To avoid bias, all stages of the research were done independently by two researchers. Eligible studies were retrieved from comprehensive search of several electronic databases included Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, IranDoc, Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICST), Scientific Information Database (SID), Iranian National Library, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, and Google Scholar until April 2017. A random effects model was applied to combine studies. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2. In 26 studies, 10,858 nurses entered the meta-analysis process. The mean age and work experience of the nurses were 33.5 ± 7.5 and 10.85 ± 10.1 years, respectively. The prevalence of workplace verbal, physical, sexist, and racist violence and threat against Iranian nurses was 80.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] [74.2, 86.0]), 24.8% (95% CI [17.4, 34.0]), 6.7% (95% CI [4.9, 9.2]), 14.6% (95% CI [10.1, 20.7]), and 44% (95% CI [30.1, 58.8]), respectively. The prevalence of verbal and physical violence against the emergency department nurses was 89.7% (95% CI [69.4, 97.1]) and 21.0% (95% CI [12.6, 32.9]), respectively. The highest prevalence of verbal, physical, sexist, and racist violence was from patient's relative (42.3%, 95% CI [30.7, 54.7]), patients (12.6%, 95% CI [5.9, 25.0]), healthcare workers (5.1%, 95% CI [2.4, 10.4]), and patients (2.3%, 95% CI [0.9, 5.4]), respectively. Given the high prevalence of violence against the nurses in Iran, it is highly necessary to take certain intervention measures and design new policies.

Effect of Face-to-Face Education on Anxiety and Pain in Children with Minor Extremity Injuries Undergoing Outpatient Suturing in Emergency Department.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of face-to-face education on anxiety and pain in children with minor extremity injuries undergoing outpatient suturing. METHODS: Children in intervention and control groups received face-to-face education (10 minutes) and no specific education, respectively. The anxiety and pain was measured using Modified-Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, and pain by Faces Pain Scale-Revised, respectively in 3 stages viz, pre-procedure and pre-intervention, post-procedure. RESULTS: Children in the intervention group were less anxious than the control at pre-procedure and post-intervention stage (41.1 (13.8) vs. 46.3 (19.1), respectively, P=0.03) and post-procedure and post-intervention stage (32.3 (17.2) vs. 40.2 (12.9), respectively, P=0.01). Children in the intervention group experienced less pain than the control at pre-procedure and post-intervention stage (3.9 (3.8) vs. 4.9 (3.1), respectively, P<0.001) and post-procedure and post-intervention stage (3.1 (1.2) vs. 4.0 (2.1), respectively, P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Face-to-face education could reduce anxiety and pain in children undergoing suturing in the emergency department.

The Effects of Topical Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Oil on Pain Severity and Amount of Received Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Patients With Upper or Lower Extremities Trauma.

BACKGROUND: Most patients with trauma experience different levels of pain. Due to side effects as well as economic burden of drugs used for pain relief after trauma commonly, it is important to use low-cost methods independently or combined with drugs to alleviate pain. OBJECTIVES: Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of topical sesame oil on pain severity and frequency of received NSAIDs of patients with trauma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 150 patients with upper or lower extremities trauma in Dezful Ganjavian Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran, in 2014. Data was collected by a researcher-made questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients were divided into two groups of control (n = 75) and intervention (n = 75) randomly. In the intervention group, patients applied topical sesame oil beside the routine cares, while in the control group patients just received routine cares. Severity of pain and frequency of received NSAIDs was assessed in the first, third, seventh and tenth days after the intervention in the both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS19 software using descriptive and analytic (Chi-square and independent sample t-test) statistical methods. RESULTS: Based on student sample t-test, there was a significant difference between intervention and control groups regarding the pain severity in the first (P = 0.06), third (P = 0.001), seventh (P = 0.001) and tenth (P = 0.001) days after the intervention. Besides, the frequency of received NSAIDs in the intervention group and the control group showed significant difference in four days after the intervention (for four days P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of sesame oil could reduce pain severity and frequency of received NSAIDs in patients with upper or lower extremities trauma. Therefore, it is recommended to use this oil in complementary medicine for pain relief due to low cost, easy usage and lack of adverse effects.