ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of probiotics and fecal transplantation on inflammatory and oxidative parameters in the intestines of two rat models of sepsis. METHODS: Rats were treated with prebiotics, probiotics, or symbiotics and exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or zymosan after 15 d to induce endotoxemia. Oxidative damage and inflammation were analyzed, and histologic examination of the intestinal tissue was performed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was carried out in LPS- and zymosan-induced rat models of sepsis. RESULTS: Supplementation with symbiotics for 15 d effectively reduced the inflammatory parameters compared with supplementation for 7 d. Probiotics, prebiotics, and symbiotics exerted different effects on the evaluated parameters. In general, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. casei exerted better local protective effects. Evaluation of the role of the intestinal microbiota through FMT revealed its protective effects irrespective of the previous treatment with probiotics. CONCLUSION: Probiotic strains significantly differ among themselves and exert different effects on the host's health. Symbiotics and FMT could offer additional immunomodulatory benefits to drug therapy, thus serving as a new therapeutic alternative in pediatric patients with sepsis.
Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Probiotics , Sepsis , Animals , Child , Fecal Microbiota Transplantation , Humans , Prebiotics , Rats , Sepsis/therapyABSTRACT
Introduction: Anxiety and sepsis are important public health problems that present high morbidity, mortality and significant economic repercussions. The present study investigated the presence of oxidative damage in peripheral organs in two lines of animals that are bred for high and low freezing responses to contextual cues that are previously associated with foot shock (Carioca High-conditioned Freezing [CHF] and Carioca Low-conditioned Freezing [CLF]) associated to sepsis. Methods: Animals were subject to sepsis by the cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) or sham operated. 24 hours and 10 days after sepsis animals were euthanized and removed adrenal, kidney, lung, serum, heart for the determination of carbonyl protein levels and adrenal for check weight this structure. Results: Sepsis increased oxidative damage in different systemic organs, included serum. There wasn't a significant increase in protein carbonyls in heart and kidney. Anxious phenotype potentiates this damage. Conclusion: These findings suggest that an anxious phenotype plus sepsis may induce more pronounced organs damage, and promote more alterations in the HPA axis. These findings may help to explain, at least in part, the common point of the mechanisms involved with the pathophysiology of sepsis and anxiety.
Introdução: Ansiedade e sepse são importantes problemas de saúde pública que apresentam alta morbidade, mortalidade e repercussões econômicas significativas. O presente estudo investigou a presença de dano oxidativo em órgãos periféricos em duas linhagens de animais criados para respostas de alta (CHF) e baixa (CLF) ansiedade associado a sepse. Métodos: Os animais foram submetidos a sham (controle) ou sepse por ligação e perfuração cecal (CLP). 24 horas e 10 dias após a sepse os animais foram eutanasiados e estruturas foram removidas: adrenal, rim, pulmão, soro e coração para a determinação dos níveis de proteínas carboniladas e adrenal para verificação do peso dessa estrutura. Resultados: A sepse aumentou o dano oxidativo em diferentes órgãos sistêmicos, incluindo o soro. Não houve um aumento significativo de proteínas carbonilas no coração e nos rins. Fenótipo ansioso potencializa esse dano. Conclusão: Esses achados sugerem que um fenótipo ansioso associado a sepse pode induzir dano mais pronunciado aos órgãos e promover mais alterações no eixo HPA. Esses achados podem ajudar a explicar, pelo menos em parte, o ponto comum dos mecanismos envolvidos na fisiopatologia da sepse e da ansiedade.
Subject(s)
Anxiety , Sepsis , Stress, MechanicalABSTRACT
Studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). It is suggested that omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are fundamental to maintaining the functional integrity of the central nervous system. The animal model used in this study displayed fenproporex-induced hyperactivity, a symptom similar to manic BD. Our results showed that the administration of fenproporex, in the prevent treatment protocol, increased lipid peroxidation in the prefrontal cortex (143%), hippocampus (58%) and striatum (181%), and ω3 fatty acids alone prevented this change in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, whereas the co-administration of ω3 fatty acids with VPA prevented the lipoperoxidation in all analyzed brain areas, and the co-administration of ω3 fatty acids with Li prevented this increase only in the prefrontal cortex and striatum. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was decreased in the striatum (54%) in the prevention treatment, and the administration of ω3 fatty acids alone or in combination with Li and VPA partially prevented this inhibition. On the other hand, in the reversal treatment protocol, the administration of fenproporex increased carbonyl content in the prefrontal cortex (25%), hippocampus (114%) and striatum (91%), and in prefrontal coxter the administration of ω3 fatty acids alone or in combination with Li and VPA reversed this change, whereas in the hippocampus and striatum only ω3 fatty acids alone or in combination with VPA reversed this effect. Additionally, the administration of fenproporex resulted in a marked increase of TBARS in the hippocampus and striatum, and ω3 fatty acids alone or in combination with Li and VPA reversed this change. Finally, fenproporex administration decreased SOD activity in the prefrontal cortex (85%), hippocampus (52%) and striatum (76%), and the ω3 fatty acids in combination with VPA reversed this change in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, while the co-administration of ω3 fatty acids with Li reversed this inhibition in the hippocampus and striatum. In conclusion, our results support other studies showing the importance of ω3 fatty acids in the brain and the potential for these fatty acids to aid in the treatment of BD.
