[Normograms of spirometric values for the city of Buenos Aires]. / Valores espirométricos normales para la ciudad de Buenos Aires.

There is a large variability between the different normograms of spirometric values, so that we designed our normogram for Buenos Aires and Gran Buenos Aires. We performed forced spirometry, under American Thoracic Society standardization, in 237 normal subjects (105 females) between 18 to 86 years old, and 144 to 194 cm. We measured Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1), and forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the Forced vital capacity (FEF25-75), in previously calibrated by the explosive decompressor spirometers. Linear regression using height and age was used for each measured value for each sex. The values obtained were in normal distribution, so that we determined the Low Limit of Normality calculating the 95% confidence interval to one tail, and this should replace the common method of the fixed percent of each value to determine the lower limit of normality for a predicted value.

[Not Available]. / Windpocken, Varioloiden oder echte Menschenpocken?--Zu den Fallstricken der retrospektiven Diagnostik. Eine Untersuchung anhand der Patientendateien des Würzburger Juliusspitals 1819-1829.

In the 1820s, some years after smallpox vaccination had been introduced by most German states, physicians were faced with a seemingly new disease that they called "false smallpox" or "varioloid". The paper deals with two epidemics of "varioloid" that spread in Würzburg between 1825 and 1829. The reports of eyewitnesses, case histories, and patients records from the Julius Hospital in Würzburg are analysed with respect to the state of vaccination in this region, and in consideration of the personal, practical and scientific interests of the physicians involved. Special points of discussion are Schoenleins concept of epidemic disease, the role of contagionism, and the ambiguity of historical diagnosis.