Subject(s)
Bed Rest , Early Ambulation , Aged , Humans , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Postoperative CareSubject(s)
Obesity/complications , Adult , Chronic Disease , Edema/complications , Edema/etiology , Heart Failure/etiology , Humans , Leg/blood supply , Leg Ulcer/etiology , Male , Obesity/physiopathology , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Obesity, Morbid/physiopathology , Venous Insufficiency/etiologyABSTRACT
Hyperaemia is the process by which the body adjusts blood flow to meet the metabolic needs of its different tissues in health and disease. Meticulous control of the microcirculation--the arterioles, capillaries and venules--is essential to life. Reactive hyperaemia, the local vasodilatation which occurs in response to oxygen debt and accumulation of metabolic waste products due to interruption of blood flow; active hyperaemia, the increased blood flow in an organ during a period of activity; and the hyperaemic response to infection and trauma are vitally important. The microcirculation is controlled partly by sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses from the brain and partly by vasoactive substances secreted locally by the endothelial cells. The most important of the latter is nitric oxide which facilitates flow by causing relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. Neural and endothelial control of blood flow are impaired by illness. Neurological disease and vascular disease which affect the microcirculation, predispose patients to develop ischaemic organ damage, including pressure sores, during periods of intercurrent illness. Severe sepsis or trauma may cause irreversible microcirculatory dysfunction resulting in multi-organ failure and death.
Subject(s)
Hyperemia/physiopathology , Skin/blood supply , Humans , Hyperemia/etiology , Hyperemia/metabolism , Microcirculation/physiology , Pressure Ulcer/etiology , Regional Blood Flow , Vasoconstriction/physiology , Vasodilation/physiologyABSTRACT
Pressure injuries are caused by peripheral circulatory failure in acutely ill or traumatized patients, which is exacerbated by increased tissue deformability over bony prominences as a result of hypotension, dehydration or poor muscle tone.
Subject(s)
Pressure Ulcer/etiology , Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Female , Humans , Ischemia/complications , Male , Microcirculation , Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
HYDROGELS AND FOAM DRESSINGS IN COMBINATION CONTROLLING BLEEDING IN FUNGATING WOUNDS HYDROSTATIC LEG ULCERS COMMUNITY LEG ULCER CLINICS.
Subject(s)
Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control , Aged , Bedding and Linens , Equipment Design , Humans , Posture , Pressure , Pressure Ulcer/physiopathology , WheelchairsABSTRACT
The 'silver' book, Pressure Area Care for the City and Hackney Health Authority, produced in 1988, probably takes second place in the development of pressure area care in the UK only to the 'blue book', An Investigation of Geriatric Nursing Problems in Hospital, published in 1962. Although Hibbs's work was intended only as a local service manual, it rapidly generated a much wider demand, with revision and updating in 1992. Hibbs herself says it is now out of date, but it is worth examining the precepts which formed the basis of modern pressure sore prevention.
ABSTRACT
The masterclass reports in this issue (page 398) raise serious questions about our understanding and practice of the management of pressure sores.
ABSTRACT
MEDIEVAL ULCER MANAGEMENT SCIENTIFIC PAPERS SPECIAL EQUIPMENT IN NURSING HOMES TWO BANDAGING SYSTEMS SELECTION OF DRESSINGS FOR DIABETIC FOOT ULCERS.
ABSTRACT
SPINAL INJURY AND PRESSURE SORE PREVENTION TREATMENT FOR OVERGRANULATION.
ABSTRACT
PRESSURE SORE PROTOCOL TEA TREE BURN GELS.