[Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy]. / Chemotherapie-induzierte Polyneuropathie.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and relevant side effect of antineoplastic agents such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, vincristine and bortezomib. Over the last years, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the underlying pathomechanisms of CIPN using both in vivo and in vitro models. These studies suggest that mitochondrial toxicity, disturbed axonal transport, toxic effects on Schwann cells and activation of the immune system contribute to the pathogenesis of CIPN. This review provides an overview of the current pathogenetic concepts of CIPN. In addition, experimental approaches that aim at preventing or ameliorating neurotoxic effects of antineoplastic agents are discussed.

[Correlations between the indices of the state of the sympathetic-adrenal and of the hypophyseal-adrenal systems and the level of insulin in horses under various exposures]. / O korreliatsionnykh vzaimosviaziakh mezhdu pokazateliami sostoianiia simpatiko-adrenalovoi, gipofizarno-nadpochechnikovoi sistem i urovnem insulina u loshadei pri razlichnykh vozdeistviiakh.

The content of adrenaline, noradrenaline, ACTH, cortisol and insulin in the blood and excretion of catecholamines with urine were studied in horses after physical and emotional exposures. The highest degree of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) and hypophysioadrenal system (HAS) activation followed by the insulin content decrease was observed after training. The known emotional exposure (the noise of hyppodrome) astivated both parts of SAS and HAS. The unknown emotional experience (electronic music) produced a strong adrenal medullar reaction. Analysis of the correlations showed that the initial background hormonal level predetermines the further activation of the system exposed to stressful situations. The reciprocal relations between the hormonal and mediator parts of SAS at rest are transformed to common activation under training. The level of the activity of one part of SAS monitors the other one. A relationship was established between SAS and HAS as well as between insulin and catecholamine content under physical and emotional exposures.