Naproxen as prophylaxis against atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: the NAFARM randomized trial.

PURPOSE: We sought to assess the effect of naproxen versus placebo on prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center trial of 161 consecutive patients undergoing CABG surgery, patients received naproxen 275 mg every 12 hours or placebo at the same dosage and interval over 120 hours immediately after CABG surgery. The primary outcome was the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in the first 5 postoperative days. RESULTS: The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was 15.2% (12/79) in the placebo versus 7.3% (6/82) in the naproxen group (P=.11). The duration of atrial fibrillation episodes was significantly lower in the naproxen (0.35 hours) versus placebo group (3.74 hours; P=.04). There was no difference in the overall days of hospitalization between placebo (17.23±7.39) and naproxen (18.33±9.59) groups (P=.44). Intensive care unit length of stay was 4.0±4.57 days in the placebo and 3.23±1.25 days in the naproxen group (P=.16). The trial was stopped by the data monitoring committee before reaching the initial target number of 200 patients because of an increase in renal failure in the naproxen group (7.3% vs 1.3%; P=.06). CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative use of naproxen did not reduce the incidence of atrial fibrillation but decreased its duration, in a limited sample of patients after CABG surgery. There was a significant increase in acute renal failure in patients receiving naproxen 275 mg twice daily. Our study does not support the routine use of naproxen after CABG surgery for the prevention of atrial fibrillation.

Association of lipoprotein lipase D9N polymorphism with myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes: the genetics, outcomes, and lipids in type 2 diabetes (GOLD) study.

The association of polymorphisms affecting lipid metabolism with the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetes mellitus was investigated. The Genetics, Outcomes and Lipids in type 2 Diabetes (GOLD) Study is a prospective, multicenter study, conducted on 990 patients presenting diabetes and MI (n=386), or diabetes without previous manifestation of stroke, peripheral or coronary arterial disease (n=604), recruited from 27 institutions in Brazil. APO A1 (A/G -75 and C/T +83) and APO C3 (C/G 3'UTR) non-coding sequences, CETP (Taq 1B), LPL (D9N), APO E (epsilon2, epsilon3, epsilon4,), PON-1 (Q192R), and two LCAT variants Arg(147)-->Trp and Tyr(171)-->Stop were tested by PCR-RFLP. There was a higher prevalence of LPL DN genotype (19% vs.12%, p=0.03) and a higher frequency of the N allele (11% vs. 7%) among subjects with MI when compared to controls, with an odds ratio of MI for carriers of 9N allele of 2.46 (95% CI=1.79-3.39, p<0.0001). This association was present in men and women, in non-smokers and in hypertensive patients. A logistic regression model including gender, duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, HDL-C, left ventricle hypertrophy and D9N polymorphism showed that the latter still remained significantly associated with MI (OR=1.50, 95% CI=1.02-2.25, p=0.049). These findings suggest that D9N polymorphism can be a useful risk marker for myocardial infarction and that further potential candidate genes should be screened for exploratory analysis and for future therapeutic intervention in diabetes.

Estabelecimento do ponto de corte da Troponina I como marcador de infarto do miocárdio em cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica / Serum concentrations of Troponin I in the detection of acute myocardial infarction in coronary artery bypass grafting

O objetivo do artigo foi estabelecer o ponto de corte da troponina I como marcador de infarto miocárdico perioperatório de CRM. Foram analisados 147 pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) de janeiro a dezembro de 2002 Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS. A dosagem de troponina I (valor de referência < 0,5 ng / ml) foi realizada por quimioluminiscência no pré-operatório, 6,12 e 24 horas após admissão na unidade de cuidados pós-operatório. Consideramos como infarto o surgimento de uma onda Q ou bloqueio de ramo esquerdo no ECG com aumento de CK = MB superior a 3 vezes o limite de referência ou aumento superior a 8 vezes sem alteração eletrocardiográfica. Nesta amostra, 18 pacientes tiveram infarto (12,24%). A média do nível de troponina I no pós-operatório nos pacientes com infarto foi 12,7 ± 13,7; 57,2 ± 31,7 e 45 ± 32,8 ng / ml na 6ª, 12ª e 24ª horas, respectivamente, comparando a 7,6 ± 11,4; 12,0 ± 18,7 e 8,4 ± 19,9 ng / ml nos demais pacientes. Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os valores de troponina I nos pacientes com e sem infarto na 12ª e 24ªh. Como os valores de troponina I não apresentavam uma distribuição normal confeccionou-se uma curva ROC para determinação do melhor nível de sensibilidade e especificidade para os valores encontrados. Nos pacientes que apresentaram os critérios para IAM os valores de troponina I com maior sensibilidade e especificidade encontravam-se na 12ª hora, como determinado pela curva determinado pela curva ROC, tendo uma acurácia de 89%. Utilizando-se a dosagem da 12ª hora o nível de troponina I que apresentou o melhor perfil de sensibilidade e especificidade foi de 9,15 ng / ml (OR36, IC 95% = 4,7-283; p < 0,0001), com valores de 94,4 e 68,2% respectivamente. A determinação da tropina I na 12ª hora após o desclampeamento da aorta com valores de 9,15 ng / ml obteve, em nosso estudo, a melhor relação sensibilidade e especificidade para o diagnóstico de IAM.