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3.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; Arq. bras. cardiol;115(3): 528-535, out. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, Sec. Est. Saúde SP | ID: biblio-1131326

ABSTRACT

Resumo Fundamento O isolamento elétrico das veias pulmonares é reconhecidamente base fundamental para o tratamento não farmacológico da fibrilação atrial (FA) e, portanto, tem sido recomendado como passo inicial na ablação de FA em todas as diretrizes. A técnica com balão de crioenergia, embora amplamente utilizada na América do Norte e Europa, ainda se encontra em fase inicial em muitos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Objetivo Avaliar o sucesso e a segurança da técnica de crioablação em nosso serviço, em pacientes com FA paroxística e persistente. Métodos Cento e oito pacientes consecutivos com FA sintomática e refratária ao tratamento farmacológico foram submetidos à crioablação para isolamento das veias pulmonares. Os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos, de acordo com a classificação convencional da FA paroxística (duração de até sete dias) e persistente (FA por mais de sete dias). Dados de recorrência e segurança do procedimento foram analisados respectivamente como desfechos primário e secundário. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados Cento e oito pacientes, com idade média de 58±13 anos, 84 do sexo masculino (77,8%), foram submetidos ao procedimento de crioablação de FA. Sessenta e cinco pacientes apresentavam FA paroxística (60,2%) e 43, FA persistente (39,2%). O tempo médio do procedimento foi de 96,5±29,3 minutos e o tempo médio de fluoroscopia foi de 29,6±11,1 minutos. Foram observadas cinco (4,6%) complicações, nenhuma fatal. Considerando a evolução após os 3 meses iniciais, foram observadas 21 recorrências (19,4%) em período de um ano de seguimento. As taxas de sobrevivência livre de recorrência nos grupos paroxístico e persistente foram de 89,2% e 67,4%, respectivamente. Conclusão A crioablação para isolamento elétrico das veias pulmonares é um método seguro e eficaz para tratamento da FA. Nossos resultados estão consoantes com demais estudos, que sugerem que a tecnologia pode ser utilizada como abordagem inicial, mesmo nos casos de FA persistente. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)


Abstract Background Electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins is recognized as the cornerstone of non-pharmacological treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (AF), and therefore, has been recommended as the first step in AF ablation according to all guidelines. Even though the cryoballoon technology is widely used in North America and Europe, this experience is still incipient in many developing countries such as Brazil. Objective To evaluate initial results regarding success and safety of the new technology in patients with persistent and paroxysmal AF. Methods One hundred and eight consecutive patients with symptomatic AF refractory to pharmacological treatment were submitted to cryoablation for isolation of the pulmonary veins. Patients were separated into two groups according to AF classification: persistent (AF for over one week); or paroxysmal (shorter episodes). Recurrence and procedural safety data were analyzed respectively as primary and secondary outcomes. The level of significance was 5%. Results One hundred and eight patients, with mean age 58±13 years, 84 males (77.8%), underwent cryoablation. Sixty-five patients had paroxysmal AF (60.2%) and 43 had persistent AF (39.2%). The mean time of the procedure was 96.5±29.3 minutes and the mean fluoroscopy time was 29.6±11.1 minutes. Five (4.6%) complications were observed, none fatal. Considering a blanking period of 3 months, 21 recurrences (19.4%) were observed in a one-year follow-up period. The recurrence-free survival rates of AF in the paroxysmal and persistent groups were 89.2% and 67.4%, respectively. Conclusion Cryoablation for electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins is a safe and effective method for the treatment of AF. Our results are consistent with other studies suggesting that this technology can be used as an initial technique even in cases of persistent AF.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Pulmonary Veins/surgery , Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Catheter Ablation , Cryosurgery , Recurrence , Brazil , Treatment Outcome , Middle Aged
4.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 115(3): 528-535, 2020 09.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32696858

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins is recognized as the cornerstone of non-pharmacological treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (AF), and therefore, has been recommended as the first step in AF ablation according to all guidelines. Even though the cryoballoon technology is widely used in North America and Europe, this experience is still incipient in many developing countries such as Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate initial results regarding success and safety of the new technology in patients with persistent and paroxysmal AF. METHODS: One hundred and eight consecutive patients with symptomatic AF refractory to pharmacological treatment were submitted to cryoablation for isolation of the pulmonary veins. Patients were separated into two groups according to AF classification: persistent (AF for over one week); or paroxysmal (shorter episodes). Recurrence and procedural safety data were analyzed respectively as primary and secondary outcomes. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: One hundred and eight patients, with mean age 58±13 years, 84 males (77.8%), underwent cryoablation. Sixty-five patients had paroxysmal AF (60.2%) and 43 had persistent AF (39.2%). The mean time of the procedure was 96.5±29.3 minutes and the mean fluoroscopy time was 29.6±11.1 minutes. Five (4.6%) complications were observed, none fatal. Considering a blanking period of 3 months, 21 recurrences (19.4%) were observed in a one-year follow-up period. The recurrence-free survival rates of AF in the paroxysmal and persistent groups were 89.2% and 67.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Cryoablation for electrical isolation of the pulmonary veins is a safe and effective method for the treatment of AF. Our results are consistent with other studies suggesting that this technology can be used as an initial technique even in cases of persistent AF.


FUNDAMENTO: O isolamento elétrico das veias pulmonares é reconhecidamente base fundamental para o tratamento não farmacológico da fibrilação atrial (FA) e, portanto, tem sido recomendado como passo inicial na ablação de FA em todas as diretrizes. A técnica com balão de crioenergia, embora amplamente utilizada na América do Norte e Europa, ainda se encontra em fase inicial em muitos países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o sucesso e a segurança da técnica de crioablação em nosso serviço, em pacientes com FA paroxística e persistente. MÉTODOS: Cento e oito pacientes consecutivos com FA sintomática e refratária ao tratamento farmacológico foram submetidos à crioablação para isolamento das veias pulmonares. Os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos, de acordo com a classificação convencional da FA paroxística (duração de até sete dias) e persistente (FA por mais de sete dias). Dados de recorrência e segurança do procedimento foram analisados respectivamente como desfechos primário e secundário. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. RESULTADOS: Cento e oito pacientes, com idade média de 58±13 anos, 84 do sexo masculino (77,8%), foram submetidos ao procedimento de crioablação de FA. Sessenta e cinco pacientes apresentavam FA paroxística (60,2%) e 43, FA persistente (39,2%). O tempo médio do procedimento foi de 96,5±29,3 minutos e o tempo médio de fluoroscopia foi de 29,6±11,1 minutos. Foram observadas cinco (4,6%) complicações, nenhuma fatal. Considerando a evolução após os 3 meses iniciais, foram observadas 21 recorrências (19,4%) em período de um ano de seguimento. As taxas de sobrevivência livre de recorrência nos grupos paroxístico e persistente foram de 89,2% e 67,4%, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: A crioablação para isolamento elétrico das veias pulmonares é um método seguro e eficaz para tratamento da FA. Nossos resultados estão consoantes com demais estudos, que sugerem que a tecnologia pode ser utilizada como abordagem inicial, mesmo nos casos de FA persistente. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0).


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Catheter Ablation , Cryosurgery , Pulmonary Veins , Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/surgery , Brazil , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Veins/surgery , Recurrence , Treatment Outcome
5.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 93(3): 213-20, 2009 Sep.
Article in English, Portuguese, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19851648

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) itself promotes electrophysiological changes, termed 'electrical remodeling', facilitating its recurrence and maintenance. There is evidence that the remodeling process is reversible after restoration of the sinus rhythm (SR). However, the timing for the recovery of electrophysiological properties is still undefined. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the atrial electrical activation using P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiogram (P-SAECG) post-cardioversion of long-standing AF, focusing on the reversal remodeling process to identify the timing of the process stabilization. METHODS: Subjects with lone persistent AF, eligible for cardioversion and successfully converted to SR, were enrolled at the study. SAECG was performed immediately after reversion to SR and repeated on days seven and thirty. RESULTS: Of 31 subjects, nine presented early recurrence of atrial fibrillation, all of them in the first seven days post-cardioversion; 22 remained in SR for at last one month and SAECG was obtained on days seven and thirty after cardioversion. In the latter, P-wave duration progressively abated from the first to the third SAECG (P-wave duration: 185.5+/-41.9 ms vs 171.7+/-40.5 ms vs 156.7+/-34.9 ms, respectively, first, second and third SAECG; p<0.001 for all matches). In the frequency domain analysis, spectral turbulence was not apparent in SAECG immediately post-cardioversion, but sharply increased on day seven and remained unchanged on day thirty. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the first seven days post-cardioversion of long standing AF are critical for reversal remodeling process and arrhythmia recurrence.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Heart Conduction System/physiopathology , Recovery of Function/physiology , Refractory Period, Electrophysiological/physiology , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Electric Countershock , Electrocardiography/methods , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; Arq. bras. cardiol;93(3): 213-220, set. 2009. graf, tab, ilus
Article in English, Spanish, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-529167

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: A fibrilação atrial (FA) isolada promove mudanças eletrofisiológicas, chamadas de "remodelamento elétrico", facilitando sua recorrência e manutenção. Há evidência de que o processo de remodelamento seja reversível após a recuperação do ritmo sinusal (RS). Entretanto, o momento para a recuperação das propriedades eletrofisiológicas ainda não foi definido. OBJETIVO: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a ativação elétrica atrial usando o eletrocardiograma de alta resolução de onda P (P-ECGAR) pós-cardioversão da FA de longa duração, concentrando-se no processo de remodelamento reverso para identificar o momento da estabilização do processo. MÉTODOS: Indivíduos com FA isolada persistente, candidatos à cardioversão com conversão bem-sucedida ao RS, foram incluídos no estudo. A P-ECGAR foi realizada imediatamente após a reversão ao ritmo sinusal e repetida após 7 e 30 dias. RESULTADOS: Dentre os 31 indivíduos, 9 apresentaram recorrência precoce da FA, todos nos primeiros 7 dias após a cardioversão, e 22 permaneceram em RS por pelo menos um mês; o ECGAR foi obtido no sétimo e no trigésimo dias após a cardioversão. No 30º dia, a duração da onda P progressivamente diminuiu do primeiro para o terceiro ECGAR (duração da onda P: 185,5±41,9 m/s vs 171,7±40,5 m/s vs 156,7±34,9 m/s, respectivamente, 1º, 2º e 3º ECGAR; p<0,001 para todas as comparações). Na análise de domínio de frequência, a turbulência espectral não foi aparente no ECGAR imediatamente após a cardioversão, mas aumentou de forma aguda no 7º dia e permaneceu inalterada no 30º dia. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo sugere que os primeiros sete dias pós-cardioversão, após FA de longa duração, são críticos para o processo de remodelamento reverso e recorrência da arritmia.


BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) itself promotes electrophysiological changes, termed "electrical remodeling", facilitating its recurrence and maintenance. There is evidence that the remodeling process is reversible after restoration of the sinus rhythm (SR). However, the timing for the recovery of electrophysiological properties is still undefined. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the atrial electrical activation using P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiogram (P-SAECG) post-cardioversion of long-standing AF, focusing on the reversal remodeling process to identify the timing of the process stabilization. METHODS: Subjects with lone persistent AF, eligible for cardioversion and successfully converted to SR, were enrolled at the study. SAECG was performed immediately after reversion to SR and repeated on days seven and thirty. RESULTS: Of 31 subjects, nine presented early recurrence of atrial fibrillation, all of them in the first seven days post-cardioversion; 22 remained in SR for at last one month and SAECG was obtained on days seven and thirty after cardioversion. In the latter, P-wave duration progressively abated from the first to the third SAECG (P-wave duration: 185.5±41.9 ms vs 171.7±40.5 ms vs 156.7±34.9 ms, respectively, first, second and third SAECG; p<0.001 for all matches). In the frequency domain analysis, spectral turbulence was not apparent in SAECG immediately post-cardioversion, but sharply increased on day seven and remained unchanged on day thirty. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the first seven days post-cardioversion of long standing AF are critical for reversal remodeling process and arrhythmia recurrence.


FUNDAMENTO: La fibrilación atrial (FA) aislada promueve cambios electrofisiológicos llamados "remodelación eléctrica", que facilitan su recurrencia y mantenimiento. Hay evidencia de que el proceso de remodelación sea reversible tras la recuperación del ritmo sinusal (RS). Sin embargo, el momento para la recuperación de las propiedades electrofisiológicas no está definido todavía. OBJETIVO: El objetivo de ese estudio fue evaluar la activación eléctrica atrial con el empleo del electrocardiograma de alta resolución de onda P (P-ECGAR) postcardioversión de la FA de larga duración, concentrándose en el proceso de remodelación reversa para identificar el momento de la estabilización del proceso. MÉTODOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio a individuos con FA aislada persistente y a candidatos a la cardioversión con conversión exitosa al RS. La P-ECGAR se realizó inmediatamente tras la reversión al ritmo sinusal y se repitió después de 7 y 30 días. RESULTADOS: Entre los 31 individuos, 9 presentaron recurrencia precoz de la FA, todos en los primeros 7 días después de la cardioversión, y 22 siguieron en RS durante un mes como mínimo; el ECGAR se obtuvo en el séptimo y en el trigésimo días tras la cardioversión. En el 30º día, la duración de la onda P disminuyó progresivamente desde el primer hasta el tercer ECGAR (duración de la onda P: 185,5±41,9 m/s vs 171,7±40,5 m/s vs 156,7±34,9 m/s, respectivamente, 1er, 2º y 3er ECGAR; p<0,001 para todas las comparaciones). En los análisis de dominio de frecuencia, la turbulencia espectral no fue aparente en el ECGAR inmediatamente tras la cardioversión, pero aumentó de forma aguda en el 7º día y siguió inalterada en el 30º día. CONCLUSIÓN: El presente estudio sugiere que los primeros siete días post cardioversión, después FA de larga duración, son críticos para el proceso de remodelación reversa y recurrencia de la arritmia.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Heart Conduction System/physiopathology , Recovery of Function/physiology , Refractory Period, Electrophysiological/physiology , Atrial Fibrillation/therapy , Electric Countershock , Epidemiologic Methods , Electrocardiography/methods , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 88(2): 144-51, 2007 Feb.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17384830

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To analyze retrograde conduction during junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) episodes and investigate the existence of a relationship between the presence of a retrograde block and the risk of atrioventricular block (AVB) development during radiofrequency ablation procedures in patients with nodal atrioventricular tachycardia (NAVT). METHODS: 145 male and female patients aged 16-84 years, with NAVT who had undergone radiofrequency catheter ablation in the posteroseptal region of the right atrium were studied. Evaluation criteria were anatomical location and electrophysiological behavior of retrograde conduction during NAVT, in order to understand the nodal reentrant circuit (classifying the tachycardia as typical or atypical), and monitoring of retrograde conduction during JET episodes for risk-predicting AVB events. RESULTS: Of the 145 patients studied, 132 (91%) met electrophysiological and anatomical criteria of the typical form of NAVT, and 13 (9%) of atypical form. During the ablation, 5.3% with the typical form and 30.8% of the atypical form presented risk events for AVB. After the ablation, complications were a total AVB episode in one patient and a first-degree AVB episode in another in the typical group, and one first-degree AVB in the atypical group. All three episodes were preceded by risk events and resulted in permanent nodal injury. CONCLUSION: Patients with atypical NAVT presented higher percentages of risk events for atrioventricular block than did patients with the typical form (p=0.021).A careful observation of retrograde conduction during JET episodes is vital in order to avoid permanent damage in AV nodal conduction, such as TAVB, after the ablation procedure.


Subject(s)
Catheter Ablation/adverse effects , Heart Block/physiopathology , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Female , Heart Block/pathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/etiology , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/pathology , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/surgery
8.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; Arq. bras. cardiol;88(2): 144-151, fev. 2007. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-444353

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVOS: Analisar a condução retrógrada durante os episódios de ritmo juncional ectópico acelerado (JET) e avaliar a existência da relação entre a presença de um bloqueio retrógrado e o risco de desenvolvimento de bloqueio atrioventricular (BAV) durante os procedimentos de ablação por radiofreqüência de pacientes portadores de taquicardia atrioventricular nodal (TAVN). MÉTODOS: Foram 145 pacientes portadores de TAVN, de ambos os sexos, com 16 a 84 anos submetidos à ablação com cateter de radiofreqüência na região póstero-septal do átrio direito. Critérios avaliados: localização anatômica e comportamento eletrofisiológico da condução retrógrada durante TAVN (definindo a taquicardia como típica ou atípica) e monitorização da condução retrógrada durante o JET para eventos de risco para BAV. RESULTADOS: Dos 145 pacientes estudados, 132 (91 por cento) preencheram critérios eletrofisiológicos e anatômicos da forma típica da TAVN e 13 (9 por cento), da atípica. Durante a ablação, 5,3 por cento do grupo das típicas e 30,8 por cento das atípicas apresentaram eventos de risco para BAV. Complicações após ablação foram um episódio de BAV total e outro de BAV de primeiro grau nas típicas e um de BAV de primeiro grau nas atípicas. Os três episódios foram precedidos de eventos de risco que resultaram em uma injúria nodal após procedimento. CONCLUSÃO: Portadores de TAVN atípica apresentaram porcentualmente mais eventos preditores de risco para BAV do que os da típica (p = 0,021), sendo fundamental a observação criteriosa da condução retrógrada durante o JET, afim de se evitar permanente da condução nodal, como o BAVT, após o procedimento ablativo.


OBJECTIVES: To analyze retrograde conduction during junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) episodes and investigate the existence of a relationship between the presence of a retrograde block and the risk of atrioventricular block (AVB) development during radiofrequency ablation procedures in patients with nodal atrioventricular tachycardia (NAVT). METHODS: 145 male and female patients aged 16-84 years, with NAVT who had undergone radiofrequency catheter ablation in the posteroseptal region of the right atrium were studied. Evaluation criteria were anatomical location and electrophysiological behavior of retrograde conduction during NAVT, in order to understand the nodal reentrant circuit (classifying the tachycardia as typical or atypical), and monitoring of retrograde conduction during JET episodes for risk-predicting AVB events. RESULTS: Of the 145 patients studied, 132 (91 percent) met electrophysiological and anatomical criteria of the typical form of NAVT, and 13 (9 percent) of atypical form. During the ablation, 5.3 percent with the typical form and 30.8 percent of the atypical form presented risk events for AVB. After the ablation, complications were a total AVB episode in one patient and a first-degree AVB episode in another in the typical group, and one first-degree AVB in the atypical group. All three episodes were preceded by risk events and resulted in permanent nodal injury. CONCLUSION: Patients with atypical NAVT presented higher percentages of risk events for atrioventricular block than did patients with the typical form (p=0.021).A careful observation of retrograde conduction during JET episodes is vital in order to avoid permanent damage in AV nodal conduction, such as TAVB, after the ablation procedure.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Catheter Ablation/adverse effects , Heart Block/physiopathology , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/physiopathology , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Risk Factors , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/etiology , Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry/surgery
10.
Rev. SOCERJ ; 19(1): 35-46, jan.-fev. 2006. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-436596

ABSTRACT

A presença de hemibloqueio esquerdo anterior (HEA) associado ao infarto do miocárdio (IAM) da parede inferior constitui um dilema na clínica cardiológica, quando se analisa apenas o eletrocardiograma convencional (ECG). Sendo o vetocardiograma (VCG) um sistema de derivações ortogonais tridimensional, ele tem maior acurácia para identificar o HEA em meio ao IAM inferior. O HEA caracteriza-se no ECG pelo forte desvio do eixo elétrico (ÂQRS) para a esquerda além de menos 30 graus no plano frontal (o que ocorre às vezes também no IAM Inferior), presença do padrão qR em D1 e rS em D3 e ondas S de V1 a V6. No VCG, o seu giro no plano frontal é anti-horário e toda a alça QRS se joga para cima do ponto zero, sendo os seus primeiros vetores orientados para a direita, para a frente e para baixo, devido à ativação da parede inferior como em condições normais. Trabalhamos na literatura e a nossa própria experiência têm demonstrado que no VCG, quando o HEA se associa ao IAM inferior, os primeiros vetores da ativação (vetores iniciais do QRS) invertem seu sentido e sua direção, projetando-se para a esquerda e para cima, às vezes para trás, como se observa muito bem nos planos frontal e sagital esquerdo, fazendo desaparecer a onda q de D1 e r de D3. Os demais aspectos do HEA como as S até V6 permanecem juntos com os sinais do IAM inferior com seus padrões clássicos tipo QR com T negativa em D2 D3 e aVF. À falta do VCG, uma análise atenta do ECG poderá resolver o dilema, já que o HEA como qualquer distúrbio da condução intraventricular é sempre um complicador na evolução da doença coronariana


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Electrocardiography/methods , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Myocardial Infarction/diagnosis , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Vectorcardiography/methods , Vectorcardiography
11.
Int J Cardiol ; 107(3): 307-16, 2006 Mar 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15919123

ABSTRACT

The frequency domain analysis of the P-wave signal-averaged ECG (P-SAECG) is able to identify patients at risk for lone atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardioversion to sinus rhythm. The terminal portion of the P-wave of right precordial leads on 12-lead ECG is associated with electrical abnormalities in the atria. The aim of this study was to assess the spectral turbulence analysis (STA) of the P-SAECG as a predictor of recurrence of idiopathic AF. STA was performed in 41 patients with 2 or more symptomatic episodes of idiopathic and persistent AF after successful electrical cardioversion and drug-free state (Group A), and in 25 control individuals during sinus rhythm (Group B), matched by age, gender, and P-wave duration. The orientation of the terminal portion (positive or negative) of the Z-lead was assessed as representing right precordial leads potentials. After 6 months follow-up, Group A was divided into two groups according to recurrence: G-A1--at least one recurrence (21 patients), and G-A2--no recurrence (20 patients). Fragmented electrical activity (FEA) was observed in 19 patients of G-A1 and in 2 of G-A2 (odds ratio = 85.5; p<<0.001). STA showed 90.5% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity for early recurrence of AF. After 12 months, no patients of G-A2 and 15 of G-A1 developed >3 episodes of persistent AF, being FEA observed in 13 (odds ratio = 14.6, p = 0.002). No episodes of AF were observed in Group B. Average time for recurrence of FEA positive patients (4.3 +/- 0.7 months) was significantly shorter than of G-A2 (7.4+/-0.7 months), and log-rank analysis revealed significant difference of event-free rate over time (p = 0.004). In a logistic regression model FEA, use of amiodarone and a positive terminal portion of the Z-lead of the P-SAECG were independent predictors of recurrence of idiopathic and persistent AF.


Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Electrocardiography , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Matched-Pair Analysis , Middle Aged , Predictive Value of Tests , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis
12.
Rev. SOCERJ ; 18(5): 397-417, set.-out. 2005. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-428675

ABSTRACT

Na primeira parte desta revisão foram estudados os distúrbios da condução intraventricular, enfocados os bloqueios isolados tronculares e os fasciculares ou divisionais dos ramos direito e esquerdo.Na presente comunicação, enfatiza-se a frequente associação dos bloqueios tronculares com os fascuculares e, ainda, as características especiais dos chamados bloqueios de ramo fases 3 e 4.Especial atenção foi dada para os aspectos eletrocardiográficos diferenciados dos bloqueios focais ou intramurais, baseados em recentes estudos com o emprego do eletrocardiograma de alta resolução (ECGAR) e estudos eletrofisiológicos para a estratificação de risco de taquiarritimias ventriculares graves


Subject(s)
Heart Block/diagnosis , Heart Block/physiopathology , Heart Block/rehabilitation , Bundle-Branch Block/diagnosis , Bundle-Branch Block/physiopathology , Bundle-Branch Block/rehabilitation , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/diagnosis , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/physiopathology , Anisotropy , Epidemiologic Studies , Tachycardia/diagnosis , Tachycardia/physiopathology
13.
Rev. SOCERJ ; 17(4): 227-242, out.-dez. 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-398591

ABSTRACT

O presente estudo faz uma revisão dos conceitos de alternância cardíaca, com enfoque na alternância elétrica em microvoltagem da amplitude da onda T (MAOT). Apresenta uma perspectiva histórica e faz uma revisão dos recentes avanços no campo da eletrofisiologia cardíaca, com o objetivo de elucidar não somente os mecanismos responsáveis pela manifestação da MAOT no eletrocardiograma de superfície, mas também apresentar evidências experimentais in vitro e in vivo que associam a MAOT às arritmias cardíacas por fenômeno de reentrada. Finalmente, faz uma revisão dos estudos clínicos prospectivos que identificam a MAOT como preditor independente de arritmias cardíacas potencialmente fatais, e propõe diretrizes baseadas em evidências clínicas para a utilização da MAOT na avaliação de risco de arritmias cardíacas em indivíduos com doença estrutural cardíaca.


Subject(s)
Humans , Electrocardiography/methods , Risk Assessment/methods , Cardiomyopathies/diagnosis , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Defibrillators, Implantable , Electrophysiology , Heart Rate , Prospective Studies , Time Factors
14.
Rev. SOCERJ ; 17(4): 243-250, out.-dez. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-398592

ABSTRACT

Muitas dúvidas persistem acerca dos mecanismos das síncopes que ocorrem em indivíduos com coração estruturalmente normal. Atualmente, o teste de inclinação é o mais próximo de um padrão-ouro para estes casos. No entanto, a falta de estudos com níveis elevados de evidência e em número suficiente torna o teste ainda sujeito a muitas discussões quanto à melhor metodologia e à correta interpretação de seus resultados. Por outro lado, as informações disponíveis até então permitiram o estabelecimento de algumas indicações precisas para exame e, possivelmente, uma base para a formulação futura de estratégias eficazes de tratamento. Os autores descrevem um sumário do estado da arte deste promissor método diagnóstico.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Isoproterenol , Nitrates , Syncope, Vasovagal/diagnosis , Syncope, Vasovagal/etiology , Guidelines as Topic
15.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 81(1): 79-84, 73-8, 2003 Jul.
Article in English, Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12908075

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) for diagnosing incipient left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). METHODS: A study with 115 individuals was carried out. The individuals were divided as follows: GI - 38 healthy individuals; GII - 47 individuals with mild to moderate hypertension and normal findings on echocardiogram and ECG; and GIII - 30 individuals with hypertension and documented LVH. The magnitude vector of the SAECG was analyzed with the high-pass cutoff frequency of 40 Hz through the bidirectional four-pole Butterworth high-pass digital filter. The mean quadratic root of the total QRS voltage (RMST) and the two-dimensional integral of the QRS area of the spectro-temporal map were analyzed between 0 and 30 Hz for the frequency domain (Int FD), and between 40 and 250 Hz for the time domain (Int TD). The electrocardiographic criterion for LVH was based on the Cornell Product. Left ventricular mass was calculated with the Devereux formula. RESULTS: All parameters analyzed increased from GI to GIII, except for Int FD (GII vs GIII) and RMST log (GII vs GIII). Int TD showed greater accuracy for detecting LVH with an appropriate cutoff > 8 (sensitivity of 55%, specificity of 81%). Positive values (> 8) were found in 56.5% of the G II patients and in 18.4% of the GI patients (p< 0.0005). CONCLUSION: SAECG can be used in the early diagnosis of LVH in hypertensive patients with normal ECG and echocardiogram.


Subject(s)
Electrocardiography/methods , Hypertension/complications , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/etiology , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Adult , Echocardiography/methods , Female , Humans , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular/diagnosis , Male , Middle Aged
16.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; Arq. bras. cardiol;81(1): 73-84, July 2003. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-341305

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To assess signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) for diagnosing incipient left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). METHODS: A study with 115 individuals was carried out. The individuals were divided as follows: GI - 38 healthy individuals; GII - 47 individuals with mild to moderate hypertension and normal findings on echocardiogram and ECG; and GIII - 30 individuals with hypertension and documented LVH. The magnitude vector of the SAECG was analyzed with the high-pass cutoff frequency of 40 Hz through the bidirectional four-pole Butterworth high-pass digital filter. The mean quadratic root of the total QRS voltage (RMST) and the two-dimensional integral of the QRS area of the spectro-temporal map were analyzed between 0 and 30 Hz for the frequency domain (Int FD), and between 40 and 250 Hz for the time domain (Int TD). The electrocardiographic criterion for LVH was based on the Cornell Product. Left ventricular mass was calculated with the Devereux formula. RESULTS: All parameters analyzed increased from GI to GIII, except for Int FD (GII vs GIII) and RMST log (GII vs GIII). Int TD showed greater accuracy for detecting LVH with an appropriate cutoff > 8 (sensitivity of 55 percent, specificity of 81 percent). Positive values (> 8) were found in 56.5 percent of the G II patients and in 18.4 percent of the GI patients (p< 0.0005). CONCLUSION: SAECG can be used in the early diagnosis of LVH in hypertensive patients with normal ECG and echocardiogram


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Electrocardiography , Hypertension , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Echocardiography
18.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; Arq. bras. cardiol;75(2): 115-24, Aug. 2000. tab
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-269931

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy the value of QT interval dispersion for identifying the induction of sustained ventricular tachycardia in the electrophysiological study or the risk of sudden cardiac death. METHODS: We assessed QT interval dispersion in the 12-lead electrocardiogram of 26 patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. We analyzed its association with sustained ventricular tachycardia and sudden cardiac death, and in 16 controls similar in age and sex. RESULTS: (mean +/- SD). QT interval dispersion: patients = 53.8+/-14.1ms; control group = 35.0+/-10.6ms, p=0.001. Patients with induction of ventricular tachycardia: 52.5+/-13.8ms; without induction of ventricular tachycardia: 57.5+/-12.8ms, p=0.420. In a mean follow-up period of 41+/-11 months, five sudden cardiac deaths occurred. QT interval dispersion in this group was 62.0+/-17.8, and in the others it was 51.9+/-12.8ms, p=0.852. Using a cutoff > or = 60ms to define an increase in the degree of the QT interval dispersion, we were able to identify patients at risk of sudden cardiac death with a sensitivity of 60 percent, a specificity of 57 percent, and positive and negative predictive values of 25 percent and 85 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: Patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy have a significant increase in the degree of QT interval dispersion when compared with the healthy population. However it, did not identify patients with induction of ventricular tachycardia in the electrophysiological study, showing a very low predictive value for defining the risk of sudden cardiac death in the population studied.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/complications , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Long QT Syndrome/complications , Tachycardia, Ventricular/etiology , Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity
19.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; Arq. bras. cardiol;74(5): 437-45, May 2000.
Article in Portuguese, English | LILACS | ID: lil-265618

ABSTRACT

The Brugada syndrome is a rare condition, and due to its mutating manner of presentation it may be difficult to diagnose. We report one case and discuss the diagnostic aspects and the clinical outcome of one patient with characteristic findings of this syndrome. These findings are especially defined by J-ST elevation in the right leads of serial electrocardiographic records, wide oscillations of J points and ST segments during 24-hour Holter monitoring, and nocturnal sudden death. We stress the importance of the Holter monitor findings for diagnostic complementation. Through this method it is possible to establish a correlation between vigil activities and sleep and the variability of the degree of impairment in ventricular repolarization.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Ventricular Fibrillation/diagnosis , Electrocardiography, Ambulatory , Syndrome , Ventricular Fibrillation/genetics
20.
REBLAMPA Rev. bras. latinoam. marcapasso arritmia ; 12(4): 201-8, out.-dez. 1999. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-266133

ABSTRACT

A fibrilaçäo atrial é uma condiçäo clínica comum com alto potencial para eventos tromboembolíticos. Com as recentes publicaçöes dos grandes ensaios randomizados na prevençäo primária e secundária dos fenômenos tromboembolíticos, tem sido possível caracterizar subgrupos de alto e baixo risco para estes eventos. Também, apesar de algumas diferenças nos resultados é possível atualmente planejarmos uma terapia anticoagulantes mais substanciada. As metanálises destes estudos mostram que o warfarin pode reduzir em até 70 'por cento' o risco de tromboembolismo, mas, em somente 30 'por cento' com a aspirina. Em praticamente todos os pacientes a melhor opçäo terapêutica é a antiacoagulaçäo plena com warfarin, reservando a aspirina para os de baixo risco ou os com contra-indicaçäo para o anticoagulante.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Atrial Fibrillation , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Thromboembolism/prevention & control , Hemostasis, Endoscopic , Morbidity , Pacemaker, Artificial/statistics & numerical data
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