ABSTRACT
The F gene fragment of 79 Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains isolated from domestic and synanthropic birds in Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Ukraine, and Russia in 1993 to 2007 was comparatively analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of test isolates and reference NDV strains obtained from the GenBank was carried out by polymerase chain reaction with subsequent sequencing and comparative analysis of 154-bp nucleotide sequences in the main functional region of the F gene. All newly characterized isolates belong to three NDV genotype VII subgroups: VIIa, VIIb, VIId. The results show it necessary to monitor of NDV strains isolated in the CIS countries since the spread of NDV among migratory and synanthropic birds (pigeons, crows, and jackdaws) poses a serious threat to commercial poultry industry.
Subject(s)
Newcastle Disease/epidemiology , Newcastle disease virus/genetics , Viral Fusion Proteins/genetics , Animals , Birds/virology , Genes, Viral/genetics , Kazakhstan/epidemiology , Kyrgyzstan/epidemiology , Molecular Epidemiology , Newcastle Disease/virology , Newcastle disease virus/classification , Newcastle disease virus/isolation & purification , Phylogeny , Russia/epidemiology , Ukraine/epidemiologyABSTRACT
The immunostimulating activity of saponin-containing extract of Saponaria officinalis has been studied. Use of an S. officinalis extract in a concentration close to the critical concentration of saponin micella formation increased the immunogenicity of viral glycoproteins. The immunogenicity of glycoprotein complexes with S. officinalis was higher than the immunogenicity of intact virus and micellae of purified glycoproteins and was comparable to that of glycoprotein complexes with Quil A glycoside.
