[Use of cytochrome C in the prevention of myocardial reperfusion injury during heart valve prosthesis implantation under conditions of extracorporeal circulation]. / Primenenie tsitokhroma C dlia profilaktiki reperfuzionnykh povrezhdenii miokarda pri protezirovanii klapanov serdtsa v usloviiakh iskusstvennogo krovoobrashcheniia.

Cytochrome C used at the postischemic period causes a rapid reestablishment of coronary circulation, hemodynamic parameters, prevents activation of lipid peroxidation in reoxygenation of the heart after prolonged total myocardial ischemia in patients with acute bacterial endocarditis in whom the prostheses of heart valves had been fulfilled. Parallel with the positive inotropic effect, Cytochrome C reduces the postloading and, as a result, transfers the cardiac muscle to a more profitable regimen. At the end of the myocardial ischemia period Cytochrome C provides rapid and effective recovery of the bioelectrical function of the heart, improves its pumping function, thus allowing the dose and duration of inotropic stimulation of the myocardium at the postischemic period to be reduced, lowers pulmonary resistance and finally leads to less postoperative intrahospital lethality from acute heart failure.

[The effect of cytochrome c on the myocardium during reperfusion]. / Vliianie tsitokhroma c na miokard vo vremia reperfuzii.

Experimental and clinical trials have shown high effectiveness of cytochrome c (0.5 mg/kg) in prevention of reperfusion myocardial disorders in cardiosurgical patients. Cytochrome c inhibits development of myocardial ischemic contracture, depression of coronary circulation, activation of lipid peroxidation. It reduces myocardial consumption of oxygen and promotes earlier restoration of fatty acids metabolism under lower glucose consumption by the heart muscle. By correction of myocardial metabolism, the drug suppresses fermentemia in early reperfusion.

[Reactivity to bacterial peptidoglycans in a phagocytosis system. 1. The range of immunological specificity of Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan]. / Reaktivnost' k bakterial'nym peptidoglikanam v sisteme fagotsitoza. 1. Diapazon immunologicheskoi spetsifichnosti peptidoglikana zolotistogo stafilokokka.

The antigenic features of S. aureus peptidoglycan (PG) were studied in the reaction of stimulation of oxygen-dependent neutrophil metabolism, mediated by the IgG opsonins of normal human serum. The study was carried out at different taxonomic levels: the species (S. aureus), the genus (Staphylococcus), the family (Micrococcaceae), as well as in relation to remote taxons (organisms belonging to the families Streptococcaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseriaceae, to the genus Corynebacterium). All S. aureus strains were identical with respect to the specificity of their PG, essentially differing from other bacteria in this regard. After the removal of antibodies to different PG the effectiveness of PG opsonization decreased by 10.4-44.7%. Such decrease was most pronounced in experiments with the PG of streptococci (S. pyogenes, S. faecalis, S. salivarius) and Micrococcus luteus.

[Direct IgG-mediated reactivity of human neutrophils to Corynebacterium diphtheriae peptidoglycan]. / Priamaia IgG-oposredovannaia reaktivnost' neitrofilov cheloveka k peptidoglikanu Corynebacterium diphtheriae.

The direct and IgG-mediated reactivity to C. diphtheriae peptidoglycan in the system of neutrophilic phagocytosis was studied. Peptidoglycan treated with IgG (2-20 mg/ml) isolated from commercial immunoglobulin stimulated the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium by human neutrophils. Direct (IgG-independent) reactions were much less intensive. The problem of normal IgG opsonizing C. diphtheriae peptidoglycan is discussed.

[Reactivity to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan in a neutrophil phagocytosis system]. / Reaktivnost' k peptidoglikanu zolotistogo stafilokokka v sisteme neitrofil'nogo fagotsitoza.

The mechanisms of the formation of reactivity in the system "S. aureus peptidoglycan--serum--neutrophils" were studied. The direct interaction of peptidoglycans with neutrophils isolated from human blood was not accompanied by their stimulation, evaluated by an increase in the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium. Antibodies to peptidoglycan determined the final result of the opsonic activity of normal serum: the IgG fraction isolated from commercial immunoglobulin was active at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The activity of complement was considerably lower: it was manifested after the removal of antibodies and in cooperation with suboptimal dosage. The IgG-independent activation of complement was equally blocked by 10 mM EDTA and Mg-EGTA. Residual activity (after the removal of antibodies an the blocking of complement) constituted an insignificant proportion of the total opsonic reserve of the serum. The specific features of the stimulating activity of peptidoglycans obtained from different S. aureus strains were observed.