Knowledge and Management of First Permanent Molars with Enamel Hypomineralization among Dentists and Orthodontists.

Purpose: Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel anomaly of systemic origin affecting the first permanent molars and often the permanent incisors. Despite MIH being a prevalent anomaly, its diagnosis and management are challenging for practitioners; including poor anesthesia, failure of restorations, rapid enamel breakdown, poor resin adhesion, and related child anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate knowledge regarding and management of MIH amongst orthodontists and dentists. Study design: The study was performed from March to September 2017 and included 336 dentists and 32 orthodontists. Questionnaires comprised questions on MIH diagnosis, socio-demographic characteristics of the subjects, and photographs of a case of MIH with related questions regarding management. Results: Our results showed that 48% of dentists and 25% of orthodontists misdiagnosed MIH; with misdiagnosis associated with graduation prior to 1986 (p < 0.001). Amongst dentists, 59% applied a fluoridated product and 34% applied fissure sealants in the case of moderate MIH. The application of fluoride was associated with graduation after 1986 (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Large disparities about knowledge and management of MIH exist between dental practitioners in France. Education regarding diagnosis and management of MIH is necessary.

Granulomatous and eosinophilic rhinitis in a cow caused by Pseudallescheria boydii species complex (Anamorph Scedosporium apiospermum).

A 2-year-old Hereford cow was presented to the teaching hospital for increased respiratory noise and bilateral bloody nasal discharge. A nodular rhinitis was detected clinically, and the nasal biopsy revealed a granulomatous and eosinophilic rhinitis with intralesional fungi. The cow was euthanized due to financial constraints. Grossly multifocal-to-coalescing, raised, ulcerated firm nodules were present in both nares. Histologically, the lamina propria was expanded by intense infiltrates of eosinophils, epithelioid macrophages, multinucleate giant cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Associated with the inflammatory cells were variably sized, septate hyphae, 5-8 microm in diameter, admixed with numerous, terminal conidia, 6-30 microm in diameter, with a discrete outer wall identified by culture as Pseudallescheria boydii species complex (anamorph Scedosporium apiospermum). The infection was localized to the nasal cavity with no gross or microscopic evidence of a systemic dissemination.

Fatal ulcerative and hemorrhagic typhlocolitis in a pregnant heifer associated with natural bovine enterovirus type-1 infection.

One 2-year-old, 7.5 months pregnant Aberdeen Angus out of a herd of 100 apparently healthy cows, died within 10 hours of hospitalization. At necropsy, multiple foci of mucosal hemorrhage and ulceration were observed in the spiral colon and cecum. Virus isolation from intestinal lesions yielded a cytopathic virus, which was revealed by electron microscopy to be an approximately 27 nm, nonenveloped virus. Further characterization by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), sequencing of the 5'UTR and partial VP1 coding region, and phylogenetic analysis classified the virus isolate as bovine enterovirus type 1 (BEV-1). No other significant pathogens were detected. This is the first report of BEV-1 isolated in the USA from an animal with fatal enteric disease in more than 20 years. Further investigation is required to determine the prevalence of BEV in North America and to establish the clinical relevance of this understudied virus.

[Vertical control and orthopedic therapy]. / Contrôle vertical et thérapeutique orthopédique.

Control of the vertical development of the face is a key element in assuring the success of orthopedic treatment, as much for its effects on anterior vertical dimension as for its influence on correction of the sagittal discrepancy between the jaws. An effective management of this control demands respect for the equilibrium between posterior and anterior face, as described by Schudy. The authors review the details of the application of orthopedic therapy on the different elements of this equilibrium and then, present the modalities of vertical control appropriate to each appliance.