Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in heavy metal highly polluted soil in the Riachuelo river basin Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in heavy metal highly polluted soil / Hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares en el suelo extremadamente contaminado con metales pesados de la cuenca del río Riachuelo

Abstract The Riachuelo river basin (RRB) is considered one of the most polluted environments in the world. Knowledge of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) adapted to this extremely polluted environment is important for the establishment of future soil restoration projects. This work aims to make a first list of AMF species present on the RRB. Soil and root samples were randomly taken in an area of approximately 1500 m2, mycorrhization percentages were evaluated. AMF species were detected by molecular and morphological techniques. Sixteen AMF morphological species and 64 molecular species were reported in this work. Dominikia iranica, Funneliformis constrictum, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis and Septoglomus viscosum were detected by both techniques while Claroideoglomus sp. was only detected by pyrosequencing. The list of species reported in this work represents the first description of the RRB AMF community.

Resumen La cuenca del río Riachuelo (CRR) es considerada uno de los ambientes más contaminados del mundo. Conocer los hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HFMA) adaptados a este ambiente extremadamente contaminado es importante para el establecimiento de futuros proyectos de restauración de suelos. Este trabajo se propuso hacer una primera lista de especies de HFMA presentes en la CRR. Se tomaron muestras de suelo y raíces al azar en un área de aproximadamente 1500 m2 y se evaluaron los porcentajes de micorrización. La identificación de especies de HFMA se basó en técnicas moleculares y morfológicas. Se detectaron 16 especies morfológicas y 64 especies moleculares de HFMA. Dominikia iranica, Funneliformis constrictum, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis y Septoglomus viscosum se detectaron mediante ambas técnicas, mientras que Claroideoglomus sp. solo fue detectado por pirosecuenciación. La lista de especies reportada en este trabajo representa la primera descripción de la comunidad de HFMA de la CRR.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in heavy metal highly polluted soil in the Riachuelo river basin.

The Riachuelo river basin (RRB) is considered one of the most polluted environments in the world. Knowledge of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) adapted to this extremely polluted environment is important for the establishment of future soil restoration projects. This work aims to make a first list of AMF species present on the RRB. Soil and root samples were randomly taken in an area of approximately 1500m2, mycorrhization percentages were evaluated. AMF species were detected by molecular and morphological techniques. Sixteen AMF morphological species and 64 molecular species were reported in this work. Dominikia iranica, Funneliformis constrictum, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices, Rhizophagus irregularis and Septoglomus viscosum were detected by both techniques while Claroideoglomus sp. was only detected by pyrosequencing. The list of species reported in this work represents the first description of the RRB AMF community.