ABSTRACT
Nesfatin-1 is a recently identified 82 amino acid peptide shown to have an anorexigenic effect on rodents when administrered centrally and peripherally. Nesfatin-1 is expressed not only in neurones of various brain areas, including the hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei, but also in peripheral organs, such as the stomach and the pancreas. Nesfatinergic neurones were reported to participate in the regulation of satiety signals and in the responses to other stimuli, including restraint stress, abdominal surgery, and lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate whether NUCB2/nesfatin-1 expressing neurones also take part in the central signalling activated in response to hypoglycaemia and therefore are involved in central glucose sensing. Using immunolabelling methods based on the detection of the neuronal activation marker c-Fos and of nesfatin-1, we showed that peripheral injection of insulin induced a strong activation of nesfatin-1-expressing neurones in the brain vagal-regulatory nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, lateral hypothalamic area, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNX) and nucleus of the tractus solitarius. In response to intracellular glucopaenia induced by i.p. or i.c.v. 2-deoxyglucose injection, the c-Fos/nesfatin-1 colocalisations observed at the hypothalamic and brainstem levels were similar to those observed after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Moreover, using Fluorogold as a retrograde tracer, we showed that nesfatinergic preganglionic DMNX neurones activated by hypoglycaemia target the stomach and the pancreas. Taken together, these results suggest that a subpopulation of nesfatinergic neurones belongs to the central network activated by hypoglycaemia, and that nesfatin-1 participates in the triggering of physiological and hormonal counter-regulations observed in response to hypoglycaemia.
Subject(s)
Brain Stem/metabolism , Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Hypoglycemia/metabolism , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism , Neurons/metabolism , Animals , Hypoglycemia/chemically induced , Insulin , Male , Neural Pathways/metabolism , Nucleobindins , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos/metabolism , Rats , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
This paper examines the biology and medical consequences of ingesting the potentially lethal poisonous mushroom, Amanita virosa, the Destroying Angel. The fungus, its structure, distribution and toxic components are described. Symptoms of human poisoning by A. virosa are described, following the order of Homeopathic Repertories. Laboratory values for comparison with normal values of haematology, biochemistry and urine analyses are given.
Subject(s)
Amanita , Amanitins/poisoning , Materia Medica/standards , Mushroom Poisoning/physiopathology , Phalloidine/poisoning , Amanitins/pharmacology , Humans , Materia Medica/pharmacology , Mushroom Poisoning/diagnosis , Phalloidine/pharmacology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The symptomatology of envenomation by the Mediterranean Black Widow Spider, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, is reviewed. The results confirm the hypothesis that the homeopathic remedy, Tarentula hispanica, is derived from this spider, not from the Wolf spider, Lycosa tarentula.
Subject(s)
Black Widow Spider , Homeopathy , Materia Medica/standards , Spider Venoms/pharmacology , Animals , Homeopathy/methods , Humans , Research Design , Spider Venoms/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The symptomatology of envenomation by the Mediterranean Black Widow Spider, Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, is reviewed. The results confirm the hypothesis that the homeopathic remedy, Tarentula hispanica, is derived from this spider, not from the Wolf spider, Lycosa tarentula. (AU)
Subject(s)
Black Widow Spider , Spiders , Toxicology , Tarentula hispanica , Materia MedicaABSTRACT
This paper examines the biology and medical consequences of ingesting the potential lethal poisonous mushroom, Amanita phalloides, the Death Cap. The organism is a fungus, its structure, distribution and toxic components are described. Symptoms of human poisoning by Am. phalloides are described, following the order of Homeopathic Repertories.
Subject(s)
Mushroom Poisoning/diagnosis , Mushroom Poisoning/physiopathology , Phalloidine/toxicity , Amanita , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Materia Medica/adverse effects , Mushroom Poisoning/complications , Mushroom Poisoning/etiologyABSTRACT
This paper examines the biology and medical consequences of ingesting the potential lethal poisonous mushroom, Amanita phalloides, the Death Cap. The organism is a fungus, its structure, distribution and... (Au)
Subject(s)
Amanita , Toxicology , Materia Medica , Mushroom PoisoningABSTRACT
La toxicologie de la Petite Vive, Trachinus vipera, est obtenue de différentes sources médicales et présentée à la façon d'un répertoire homéopathique, pour compléter la matière médicale déjá existante. (AU)
Subject(s)
Homeopathic Remedy, New , Fish Venoms , Toxicology , Materia Medica , Trachinus dracoABSTRACT
Acute low back pain is a very common condition in Western industrialised countries. In most cases analgesics or topical medications are prescribed at first encounter with the general practitioner (GP). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the homeopathic gel Spiroflor SRL gel (SRL) is equally effective and better tolerated than Cremor Capsici Compositus FNA (CCC) in patients with acute low back pain. A multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted in the practices of 19 GPs in the districts of Bristol and Manchester, UK. One hundred and sixty-one subjects suffering from acute low back pain were treated for one week either with SRL or with CCC. Pain was scored on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS). Main efficacy parameter VAS reduction was compared between treatments. Evaluation of safety was primarily based on the number of subjects with adverse events (AEs), withdrawals due to an AE and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The mean difference between the VAS reduction in the SRL group and the CCC group adjusted for VAS at baseline and age was -0.6mm (90% CI = -6.5-5.3mm). Fewer subjects in the SRL group (11%) experienced an AE than in the CCC group (26%). The same applies to the number of subjects with an ADR (3/81 = 4% vs 18/74 = 24%) and the number of subjects withdrawn due to an ADR (0/81 = 0% vs 8/74 = 11%). In conclusion, SRL and CCC are equally effective in the treatment of acute low back pain, however, SRL has a better safety profile. Spiroflor SRL gel is preferable to Capsicum-based products for the topical treatment of low back pain, because of the lower risk of adverse effects.
Subject(s)
Analgesics/therapeutic use , Homeopathy , Low Back Pain/drug therapy , Administration, Cutaneous , Adult , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Family Practice , Female , Gels , Humans , London , Male , Pain Measurement , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Acute low back pain is a very common condition in Western industrialised countries. In most cases analgesics or tropical medications are prescribed at first encounter with the general practitiones (GP). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the homeopathic gel Spiroflor SRL gel (SRL) is equally effective and better tolerated than... (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Low Back Pain/therapy , Complexism , Ledum/therapeutic use , Toxicodendron/therapeutic use , Comfrey/therapeutic useABSTRACT
The biotoxicology of Heloderma suspectum, the Gila monster, is presented in order to complement the homeopathic provings.
Subject(s)
Bites and Stings/pathology , Lizards , Venoms/toxicity , Animals , HumansABSTRACT
The biotoxicology of Heloderma suspectum, the Gila monster, is presented in order to complement the homeopathic provings. (AU)
Subject(s)
Heloderma suspectum/toxicity , Toxicology , Reptiles , Materia Medica , Homeopathic PathogenesyABSTRACT
The biology and toxicology of the lesser weeverfish, Trachinus vipera, is presented in a homeopathic repertory fashion to supplement the existing materia medica.
Subject(s)
Fish Venoms/toxicity , Fish Venoms/therapeutic use , Fishes, Poisonous , Homeopathy , Pain, Intractable/drug therapy , Perciformes , Animals , HumansABSTRACT
The biology and toxicology of the lesser weeverfish, Trachinus vipera, is presented in a homeopathic repertory fashion to supplement the existing materia medica. (AU)
Subject(s)
Trachinus draco , Toxicological Symptoms , Fish Venoms , Fishes, Poisonous/classificationABSTRACT
The biotoxicology of the Australian blue-ringed octopus is detailed with the view of introducing it as a remedy into the homoeopathic Materia Medica and stimulating the second step of proving this venom.
Subject(s)
Homeopathy , Mollusk Venoms/toxicity , Octopodiformes/physiology , Animals , Behavior, Animal , Humans , Mollusk Venoms/poisoning , Octopodiformes/classification , Paralysis/etiology , ReproductionABSTRACT
The biotoxicology of the Australian blue-ringed octopus is detailed with the view of introducing it as a remedy into the homoeopathic Materia Medica and stimulating the second step of proving this venom.(AU)
Subject(s)
Homeopathic Remedy, NewABSTRACT
La sintomatologia por la mordedura de la arana morena de Sudamerica, Loxosceles laeta, es mencionada con el fin de presentar un nuevo y potencialment util remedio para la Materia Medica Homeopatica. (AU)
Subject(s)
Spider Venoms , Spider Bites , Homeopathic Remedy, New , Toxicological SymptomsABSTRACT
The zoology and behaviour of Latrodectus hasselti, the Australian red back spider is described. The symptoms of envenomation are discussed; the most prominent symptom is pain of various types in the head, abdomen and limbs.
Subject(s)
Spider Bites/physiopathology , Spider Venoms/poisoning , Spiders , Animals , Australia , Behavior, Animal , Female , Humans , Male , Spiders/anatomy & histology , Spiders/classification , Spiders/physiologyABSTRACT
The following paper is a summary of studies of Ixodes ricinus, the European castor bean tick, and its toxicology. A materia medica based on human envenomation by I. ricinus is also provided. (AU)