ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Poor outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with malnutrition. Our aim was to compare body composition (BC) and physical activity (PA) between patients with IBD and healthy controls, and to assess the changes in BC, PA and health related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with IBD during anti-TNF therapy. METHODS: 32 children with IBD (21 with Crohn's disease (CD), (age: 15.2 ± 2.6 years, 9 male) and 11 with ulcerative colitis (UC), (age: 16.4 ± 2.2 years, 5 male) participated in this prospective, observational follow up study conducted at Semmelweis University, Hungary. As control population, 307 children (age: 14.3 ± 2.1) (mean ± SD) were included. We assessed BC via bioelectric impedance, PA and HRQoL by questionnaires at initiation of anti-TNF therapy, and at two and six months later. The general linear model and Friedman test were applied to track changes in each variable. RESULTS: During follow-up, the fat-free mass Z score of children with CD increased significantly (-0.3 vs 0.1, p = 0.04), while the BC of patients with UC did not change. PA of CD patients was lower at baseline compared to healthy controls (1.1 vs. 2.4), but by the end of the follow up the difference disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: The fat-free mass as well as PA of CD patients increased during the first six months of anti-TNF treatment. As malnutrition and inactivity affects children with IBD during an important physical and mental developmental period, encouraging them to engage in more physical activity, and monitoring nutritional status should be an important goal in patient care.
Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative , Crohn Disease , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Malnutrition , Humans , Male , Child , Adolescent , Follow-Up Studies , Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors , Quality of Life , Prospective Studies , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/complications , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Colitis, Ulcerative/epidemiology , Crohn Disease/complications , Body Composition , Malnutrition/complicationsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Few published data describe how joint involvement, the most prevalent extraintestinal manifestation, affects quality of life (QoL) of children with Crohn's disease (CD). Arthritis and arthralgia rates in pediatric CD patients are reportedly 3-24% and 17-22%, respectively, but studies on pre-emptive and systematic screening of joint involvement with detailed musculoskeletal rheumatological exam are lacking. More detailed data collection on joint involvement improves our understanding of how arthropathy relates to disease activity and QoL measured by the Pediatric CD Activity Index (PCDAI) and IMPACT-III questionnaire. Our study aims were to assess joint involvement in pediatric CD and correlate it with the PCDAI and IMPACT-III. METHODS: In this cross-sectional, observational study, a pediatric gastroenterologist assessed consecutively-seen pediatric CD patients at a tertiary care center. Patients were screened for prevalence of current and previous arthropathy, including arthritis, enthesitis and arthralgia. A single experienced pediatric rheumatologist evaluated detailed musculoskeletal history, joint status, and modified Juvenile Arthritis Multidimensional Assessment Reports (JAMAR). PCDAI, IMPACT-III, sacroiliac MRI, and HLA-B27 genetic testing were also completed. RESULTS: A total of 82 (male:female, 1.2:1; age, 13.7 ± 3.2 years) patients were involved in this study. Mean disease duration at time of study was 21.6 ± 21 months; eight of the patients were newly-diagnosed. Of the 82 patients, 29 (35%) had evidence of arthritis; for 24 of those, this was revealed by physical exam during cross-sectional screening, and by prior documentation for the remaining five patients. Joint examination confirmed active arthritis in 8/24 (33%), active enthesitis in 1/24 (4%), and evidence of previous arthritis in 15/24 (62.5%) patients. Hip (41%) and knee (38%) joints were most commonly affected. Cumulative incidence of arthralgia was 48% (39/82), and 46% (18/39) of those patients had only arthralgia without arthritis, usually affecting the knee. Axial involvement was present in 10/82 (12%) patients. Joint involvement correlated with more severe CD disease activity, specifically higher PCDAI and lower IMPACT-III scores, and increased requirement for infliximab treatment. Sacroiliitis and HLA-B27 positivity were insignificant factors in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: When a rheumatologist performed the assessment, joint involvement in pediatric CD was more prevalent than previously reported, in this cross-sectional study. Arthritis was associated with more severe CD disease activity and lower QoL.
Subject(s)
Crohn Disease/complications , Joint Diseases/etiology , Quality of Life , Adolescent , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Hungary , Male , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Összefoglaló. A gyulladásos bélbetegség (inflammatory bowel disease, IBD) incidenciája folyamatosan no, etiológiája egyelore ismeretlen. Kezelésében gyakran alkalmazunk immunszuppresszív, illetve immunmoduláns szereket. Egyes esetekben azonban szolidszerv-transzplantációt követoen, folyamatos immunszuppresszív kezelés mellett is megfigyelheto de novo IBD kialakulása. Célunk az volt, hogy Klinikánk beteganyagából összesítsük azon eseteket, amelyekben szolid szerv (máj, vese, tüdo) transzplantációját követoen de novo IBD alakult ki. A transzplantációt megelozoen szklerotizáló cholangitis miatt gondozott betegeket kizártuk. A Klinikánkon gondozott, szolid szerv transzplantációján (179 máj, 197 vese, 29 tüdo) átesett betegek közül 4 (2 máj- és 2 vesetranszplantált) gyermeknél alakult ki de novo IBD. A transzplantációhoz vezeto alapbetegségek biliaris atresia, polycystás vese és Denys-Drash-szindróma voltak. A transzplantációt követo immunszuppresszív terápia mind a 4 esetben tartalmazott szisztémásszteroid- és takrolimuszkezelést, emellett 3 esetben mikofenolát-mofetil (MMF)-terápiát is. A kivizsgálást indikáló fobb tünetek a haematochesia, hasmenés, fáradékonyság és fogyás voltak. A családi anamnézis 1 esetben volt pozitív. A de novo IBD diagnózisának felállítását követoen mind a 4 betegnél az addigi immunszuppressziós terápia módosításra került. Összességében elmondható, hogy a szolidszerv-transzplantációt követo de novo IBD kialakulása ritka, etiológiája tisztázatlan. Az irodalom felveti az alkalmazott immunszuppresszív szerek (takrolimusz és MMF), illetve infekciók etiológiai szerepét, de az is felmerül, hogy a de novo IBD olyan önálló entitás, mely elkülönül a klasszikus IBD kategóriáitól. Klinikai szempontból fontos a tünetek hátterében álló betegség tisztázása, hiszen a prezentációs tüneteknek megfelelo, a differenciáldiagnosztika során felmerülo egyéb betegségek terápiája meroben eltér. A megfelelo terápia hozzájárulhat a transzplantált betegek morbiditásának és mortalitásának csökkentéséhez. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(18): 720-726. Summary. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing, however, the aetiology is still unknown. The therapy consists of immunosuppressants and immunomodulators. In some cases, despite the continuous immunosuppressant therapy, de novo IBD develops. Our aim was to evaluate patients diagnosed with de novo IBD after solid organ (liver, kidney, or lung) transplantation. Patients treated with sclerosing cholangitis prior to liver transplantation were excluded. 4 patients (two kidney and two liver transplants) were diagnosed with de novo IBD. The underlying diseases leading to transplantation were biliary atresia, polycystic kidney, and Denys-Drash syndrome. All patients received systemic steroid and tacrolimus treatment, and 3 patients (2 kidney and 1 liver transplant) also received mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). The main symptoms indicative of de novo IBD were haematochezia, diarrhoea, fatigue, and weight loss. Family history for IBD was positive in 1 case. Following the diagnosis of IBD, immunosuppressive therapy was modified. Overall, the development of de novo IBD following solid organ transplantation is quite rare, and its aetiology is unknown. According to the literature, immunosuppressants (tacrolimus and MMF) and infections play a role in the pathomechanism, but it seems that de novo IBD is a separate entity from the classical IBD categories. From a clinical point of view, it is important to elucidate the underlying disease of the symptoms, as the treatment of other diseases that arise during differential diagnosis according to the presentation symptoms is very different. Appropriate therapy can help reduce morbidity and mortality in transplant patients. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(18): 720-726.