Retinal vessel architecture and geometry are not impaired in normal-tension glaucoma.

To investigate the associations between retinal vessel parameters and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). We conducted a case-control study with a prospective cohort, allowing to record 23 cases of NTG. We matched NTG patient with one primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and one control per case by age, systemic hypertension, diabetes, and refraction. Central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE), central retinal venule equivalent (CRVE), Arteriole-To-Venule ratio (AVR), Fractal Dimension and tortuosity of the vascular network were measured using VAMPIRE software. Our sample consisted of 23 NTG, 23 POAG, and 23 control individuals, with a median age of 65 years (25-75th percentile, 56-74). No significant differences were observed in median values for CRAE (130.6 µm (25-75th percentile, 122.8; 137.0) for NTG, 128.4 µm (124.0; 132.9) for POAG, and 135.3 µm (123.3; 144.8) for controls, P = .23), CRVE (172.1 µm (160.0; 188.3), 172.8 µm (163.3; 181.6), and 175.9 µm (167.6; 188.4), P = .43), AVR (0.76, 0.75, 0.74, P = .71), tortuosity and fractal parameters across study groups. Vascular morphological parameters were not significantly associated with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness or mean deviation for the NTG and POAG groups. Our results suggest that vascular dysregulation in NTG does not modify the architecture and geometry of the retinal vessel network.

Analysis of vitreoretinal surgery activity in metropolitan France in 2016: impact on training capacities.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to describe vitreoretinal surgery activity and vitreoretinal surgeons in private or public practice in metropolitan France over the year 2016 to anticipate surgical training needs. METHODS: Patients aged ≥20 years who had undergone vitreoretinal surgery, alone or combined with cataract surgery were included using the French National Healthcare system database. For surgery performed by ophthalmologists carrying out ≥50 procedures during the year, the incidence per 100 000 of population ≥ 20 years of age, the number and mean age of surgeons and the number of surgeons aged >55 years were calculated. RESULTS: Overall, 57 947 posterior segment surgical procedures were included, 40% in the public sector and 49% in the private sector for private surgeons and/or public centres performing ≥50 procedures/year. The remaining 11% of procedures were from private surgeons and/or public centres performing <50 procedures/year. The analysis included 356 surgeons with a mean age of 41 ± 10 years (39% female) in the public sector and 47 ± 10 years (14% female) in the private sector. The majority of urgent surgery was for retinal detachment (n = 30 290 [52% of total surgical procedures]). Scheduled surgery involved surgery for macular holes and epiretinal membranes (n = 16 454 [28% of total surgical procedures]). Combined vitrectomy-phacoemulsification surgery (n = 10 120) represented 17% of all vitreoretinal surgery. University regions with the fewest surgeons and regions with surgeons >55 years of age were identified, to anticipate the training need for new surgeons. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated disparities in the geographic distribution of vitreoretinal surgery in France and identified regions that need increased training capacities to ensure a sufficient number of surgeons.

Incidence of Avoidable 30-Day Readmissions Following Hospitalization for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in France.

Importance: Rates of 30-day readmissions following hospitalization for pneumonia are used to publicly report on hospital performance and to set financial penalties for the worst-performing hospitals. However, the rate of avoidable readmission following hospitalization for pneumonia is undefined. Objective: To assess how often 30-day readmissions following hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) are avoidable. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study analyzed the results of an independent review of readmissions following hospitalization for CAP within 30 days among patients discharged from 2 large hospitals in France in 2014. Structured clinical records including clinical information (ie, baseline characteristics, physical examination, laboratory findings, x-ray or computed tomography scan findings, discharge plan, and treatments) for both index and readmission stays were independently reviewed by 4 certified board physicians. All consecutive adult patients hospitalized in 2014 with a diagnosis of CAP in our 2 eligible hospitals were eligible. All analyses presented were performed in March 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures: Avoidable readmission within 30 days of discharge from index hospitalization. The likelihood that a readmission was avoidable was quantified using latent class analysis based on the independent reviews. A readmission was considered avoidable if Bayes posterior probability exceeded 50%. Results: The total analytical sample consisted of 1150 index hospital stays with a diagnosis of CAP, which included 651 (56.6%) male patients. The median (IQR) age for all patients was 77.8 (IQR, 62.7-86.4) years. Out of the 1150 index hospital stays, 98 patients (8.5%) died in hospital, and 108 (9.4%) unplanned readmissions were found. Overall, 15 readmissions had a posterior probability of avoidability exceeding 0.50 (13.9% of the 108 unplanned readmissions; 95% CI, 8.0%-21.9%). The median (IQR) delay between the hospital discharge index and readmission was considerably shorter when readmission was deemed avoidable (4 [6-21] days vs 12 [2-18] days; P = .02). Conclusions and Relevance: Only a small number of readmissions following hospitalization for CAP were deemed avoidable, comprising less than 10% of all readmissions. Shorter time interval between hospitalization discharge and readmission was associated with avoidability.

National Health Care data system analysis of glaucoma surgery activity in France in 2016.

PURPOSE: To describe the glaucoma surgery offer in France in 2016. METHODS: We used the French National Health Care System database to identify all medical procedures carried out in 2016. The study investigated the entire population aged 30 years and older that had undergone glaucoma surgery, alone or combined with another surgery. We calculated the incidence of surgeries per 100 000 inhabitants 30 years of age and older performed by ophthalmologists carrying out at least 50 procedures annually, the number of surgeons doing these surgeries, the mean age of these practitioners, and the number of surgeons older than 55 years. RESULTS: In 2016, 16 854 glaucoma surgeries were performed in patients aged 30 years and older, for an incidence of 40.8 per 100 000 inhabitants aged 30 years and older. The most frequent procedure performed was trabeculectomy followed by non-penetrating deep sclerectomy (16.7 and 11.7, respectively, per 100 000 inhabitants 30 years of age and older). Private practice glaucoma surgery accounted for 47% of the activity of surgeons performing at least 50 surgeries per year and 60% of the total surgical activity. Of the private practice ophthalmologists performing at least 50 glaucoma surgery procedures per year, 58.5% were over 55 years of age, and 23.5% of public hospital ophthalmologists were over 55 years of age. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that surgeons performing glaucoma surgeries are often older. It is necessary to take note of the country's educational capacity to ensure that the number of ophthalmological surgeons remains adapted to demand.

Development of a risk prediction model of potentially avoidable readmission for patients hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia: study protocol and population.

INTRODUCTION: 30-day readmission rate is considered an adverse outcome reflecting suboptimal quality of care during index hospitalisation for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). However, potentially avoidable readmission would be a more relevant metric than all-cause readmission for tracking quality of hospital care for CAP. The objectives of this study are (1) to estimate potentially avoidable 30-day readmission rate and (2) to develop a risk prediction model intended to identify potentially avoidable readmissions for CAP. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The study population consists of consecutive patients admitted in two hospitals from the community or nursing home setting with pneumonia. To qualify for inclusion, patients must have a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis code of pneumonia. Data sources include routinely collected administrative claims data as part of diagnosis-related group prospective payment system and structured chart reviews. The main outcome measure is potentially avoidable readmission within 30 days of discharge from index hospitalisation. The likelihood that a readmission is potentially avoidable will be quantified using latent class analysis based on independent structured reviews performed by four panellists. We will use a two-stage approach to develop a claims data-based model intended to identify potentially avoidable readmissions. The first stage implies deriving a clinical model based on data collected through retrospective chart review only. In the second stage, the predictors comprising the medical record model will be translated into International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision discharge diagnosis codes in order to obtain a claim data-based risk model.The study sample consists of 1150 hospital stays with a diagnosis of CAP. 30-day index hospital readmission rate is 17.5%. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The protocol was reviewed by the Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud Est V (IRB#6705). Efforts will be made to release the primary study results within 6 months of data collection completion. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT02833259).