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1.
Vaccines (Basel) ; 11(3)2023 Mar 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36992181

ABSTRACT

Universal immunization against hepatitis B has contributed to reducing incidence of the disease, but older individuals remain susceptible to acquiring the hepatitis B virus worldwide. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of HBV infection in individuals aged 50 years and over in central Brazil and to evaluate the immunogenicity of the monovalent vaccine against hepatitis B in this age group using two vaccine regimens. METHOD: Initially, a cross-sectional and analytical study was carried out to investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B. Then, individuals without proof of vaccination for hepatitis B were recruited for a phase IV randomized and controlled clinical trial using two vaccine regimens: Intervention Regimen (IR) (three doses of 40 µg at months 0, 1 and 6) vs. Comparison Regimen (CR) (three doses of 20 µg at months 0, 1 and 6). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of exposure to HBV was 16.6% (95% CI: 14.0%-9.5%). In the clinical trial, statistical differences in protective titers were observed (p = 0.007; IR 96% vs. CR 86%) and the geometric mean of anti-HBs titers was higher in individuals who received the IR (518.2 mIU/mL vs. 260.2 mIU/mL). In addition, the proportion of high responders was higher among those who received the IR (65.3%). CONCLUSION: reinforced doses should be used in individuals aged 50 years or older to overcome the lower efficacy of the vaccine against hepatitis B.

2.
REME rev. min. enferm ; 26: e1428, abr.2022. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1387068

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar o estado clínico e nutricional de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Métodos: trata-se de estudo epidemiológico observacional, com delineamento transversal, norteado pela ferramenta STROBE. Foi realizado entre 2015 e 2016, com dados de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica em Y de Roux nos anos de 2012 a 2014, em um hospital privado de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário semiestruturado, elaborado pelos pesquisadores. Para verificar a existência da associação entre as variáveis do estado nutricional e clínico e o tempo pós-cirúrgico, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson ou exato de Fisher para as variáveis categóricas. E para as contínuas, os testes Kruskal-Wallis ou Mann-Whitney. Resultados: verificou-se significância estatística para as variáveis: "enfraquecimento de unhas" (p=0,002), "êmese" (p=0,018), "frequência de consumo alcoólico" (p=0,018) e "número de refeições diárias" (p=0,028) no grupo feminino. Conclusão: este estudo revelou alterações no componente clínico e nutricional das pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica. Houve associações estatisticamente significativas no grupo feminino, incluindo mudanças no perfil clínico de maior episódio de êmese e maior frequência no consumo de álcool. Em relação ao perfil nutricional, pacientes do sexo feminino apresentaram maiores proporções no número de refeições e mais enfraquecimento nas unhas após o procedimento cirúrgico. Reforça-se a importância do acompanhamento e da orientação nutricional e psicológica contínuas, pré e pós-cirúrgicas, minimizando os impactos negativos deste resultado na saúde dos indivíduos.


RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el estado clínico y nutricional de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Métodos: se trata de un estudio epidemiológico observacional, con un diseño transversal, guiado por la herramienta STROBE. Se realizó entre 2015 y 2016, con datos de pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica en Roux-en-Y en los años 2012 a 2014, en un hospital privado de Minas Gerais. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado desarrollado por los investigadores. Para verificar la existencia de asociación entre las variables de estado nutricional, clínico y tiempo posquirúrgico se utilizó la prueba qui cuadrado de Pearson o la prueba exacta de Fisher para las variables categóricas. Y para las continuas, las pruebas de Kruskal-Wallis o Mann-Whitney. Resultados: hubo significancia estadística para las variables: "debilitamiento de las uñas" (p = 0,002), "emesis" (p = 0,018), "frecuencia de consumo de alcohol" (p = 0,018) y "número de comidas diarias" (p = 0,028) en el grupo de mujeres. Conclusión: este estudio reveló cambios en el componente clínico y nutricional de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Hubo asociaciones estadísticamente significativas en el grupo femenino, incluyendo cambios en el perfil clínico de mayor episodio de emesis y mayor frecuencia de consumo de alcohol. En cuanto al perfil nutricional, las pacientes del sexo femenino presentaron mayores proporciones en el número de comidas y mayor debilitamiento de las uñas tras el procedimiento quirúrgico. Se refuerza la importancia del seguimiento continuo y la orientación nutricional y psicológica, pre y posquirúrgica, minimizando los impactos negativos de este resultado en la salud de las personas.


ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the clinical and nutritional status of patients submitted to bariatric surgery. Methods: this is an observational epidemiological study, with a cross-sectional design, guided by the STROBE tool. It was carried out between 2015 and 2016, with data from patients undergoing Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery in the years 2012 to 2014, in a private hospital in Minas Gerais. Data collection took place through a semi-structured questionnaire developed by the researchers. To verify the existence of an association between the variables of nutritional and clinical status and the time after surgery, Pearson's chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables. And for continuous ones, the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney tests. Results: there was statistical significance for the variables: 'weakening of nails' (p=0.002), 'emesis' (p=0.018), 'frequency of alcohol consumption' (p=0.018) and 'number of daily meals' (p=0.028) in the female group. Conclusion: this study revealed changes in the clinical and nutritional component of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. There were statistically significant associations in the female group, including changes in the clinical profile of greater episode of emesis and greater frequency of alcohol consumption. Regarding the nutritional profile, female patients had higher proportions in the number of meals and more weakening of the nails after the surgical procedure. The importance of monitoring and continuous nutritional and psychological guidance, pre- and post-surgical, is reinforced, minimizing the negative impacts of this result on the health of individuals.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Gastric Bypass/adverse effects , Nutritional Status , Socioeconomic Factors , Alcohol Drinking , Epidemiologic Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires/statistics & numerical data , Bariatric Surgery
3.
Vaccine X ; 10: 100156, 2022 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35340279

ABSTRACT

Objective: Analyzing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on meningococcal C conjugate vaccination in Brazil. Methods: Ecological study, based on interrupted time series, carried out with data collected through the Information System of the National Immunization Program (IS-NIP). Collected data refer to the number of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine doses administered from March 2019 to December 2020. Results: In total, 14,832,054 meningococcal C conjugate vaccine doses were administered throughout the investigated period; 66.30% of them, from March 2019 to February 2020 and 33.70%, from March to December 2020. Statistically significant steps were observed, i.e., the COVID-19 pandemic had negative impact on the number of MenC vaccine doses administered in the North and South regions (26,98% and 41.47%, respectively) and in the eleven Brazilian States. Conclusion: The current study has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic had negative impact on the number of MenC vaccine doses administered in the Northern and Southern Brazil, and in eleven Brazilian states. Among all challenges experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, one finds reduced MenC vaccine coverage, which, consequently, may lead to increased meningococcal infection rates in Brazil.

4.
Rev. eletrônica enferm ; 24: 1-8, 18 jan. 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1411208

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Analisar a cobertura vacinal contra a influenza em gestantes na região Sudeste do Brasil, nos anos de 2010 a 2020. Métodos:Estudo ecológico, de série temporal, realizado com dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (SI-PNI), referentes aos registros de doses da vacina contra influenza em gestantes no estado de Minas Gerais. Resultados: A cobertura vacinal adequada foi alcançada em apenas quatro dos 11 anos estudados, variando de 49,75% em 2011 a 88,5% em 2015. No ano de 2020 foi alcançado 80,82%. Possíveis determinantes são discutidos em uma perspectiva ampliada, que pode subsidiar planejamento de ações em todo o país. Conclusão: A cobertura vacinal contra Influenza nas gestantes apresentou, em sua maior parte, uma tendência estacionária, apontando para a possível necessidade de educação permanente dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos no pré-natal, qualificação de suas ações na área de educação em saúde para esclarecer dúvidas das gestantes sobre a temática.


Objective: To analyze the influenza vaccination coverage in pregnant women in the Southeast region of Brazil between years 2010 and 2020. Methods: An ecological, time series study conducted with data from the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI) referring to records of doses of influenza vaccine in pregnant women in the state of Minas Gerais. Results:Adequate vaccination coverage was achieved in only four out of the 11 years studied, ranging from 49.75% in 2011 to 88.5% in 2015. In 2020, the rate of 80.82% was reached. Possible determinants are discussed in an expanded perspective that can support the planning of actions across the country. Conclusion: Influenza vaccination coverage in pregnant women showed a stagnation trend for the most part, pointing to the possible need for continuing education of health professionals involved in antenatal care and qualification of their actions in the area of health education to clarify pregnant women's doubts on the subject.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Immunization Programs/statistics & numerical data , Pregnant Women , Influenza, Human/prevention & control
5.
Rev. bras. enferm ; Rev. bras. enferm;75(5): e20210701, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1407440

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objectives: to develop a booklet as an educational technology, together with health professionals, patients and companions, aiming at their involvement in patient safety in maternity hospitals. Methods: a qualitative convergent care study, carried out in three stages at a maternity hospital in Belo Horizonte. The booklet construction took place between February and April 2021, with 13 professionals, 06 companions and 11 patients. Results: data content analysis was performed, creating three categories: Knowledge and experiences about patient and newborn safety in maternity hospitals; Challenges for involving patient and companion in safety actions; Assessment of patients, companions and professionals on the booklet construction process. The booklet construction involved the participation of health professionals, users and companions in all stages of the process. Final considerations: the participatory process enabled the creation of educational technology for the involvement of patients and companions in patient safety actions.


RESUMEN Objetivos: desarrollar una cartilla como tecnología educativa, junto a profesionales de la salud, pacientes y acompañantes, con el objetivo de involucrarlos en la seguridad del paciente en la sala de maternidad. Métodos: estudio cualitativo convergente-asistencial, realizado en tres etapas en una maternidad de Belo Horizonte. La construcción de la cartilla ocurrió entre febrero y abril de 2021, con 13 profesionales, 06 acompañantes y 11 pacientes. Resultados: se realizó un análisis de contenido de los datos, creando tres categorías: Conocimientos y experiencias sobre la seguridad del paciente y del recién nacido en la sala de maternidad; Desafíos para involucrar al paciente y acompañante en acciones de seguridad; Evaluación de pacientes, acompañantes y profesionales sobre el proceso de construcción del cuadernillo. La construcción de la cartilla implicó la participación de profesionales de la salud, usuarios y acompañantes en todas las etapas del proceso. Consideraciones finales: el proceso participativo posibilitó la creación de tecnología educativa para el envolvimiento de pacientes y acompañantes en acciones de seguridad del paciente.


RESUMO Objetivos: desenvolver uma cartilha como tecnologia educacional, juntamente com profissionais de saúde, pacientes e acompanhantes, visando ao envolvimento destes na segurança do paciente na maternidade. Métodos: estudo qualitativo convergente-assistencial, realizado em três etapas em uma maternidade de Belo Horizonte. A construção da cartilha ocorreu entre fevereiro e abril de 2021, com 13 profissionais, 06 acompanhantes e 11 pacientes. Resultados: realizou-se análise de conteúdo dos dados, criando-se três categorias: Saberes e experiências sobre a segurança da paciente e do recém-nascido na maternidade; Desafios para o envolvimento da paciente e acompanhante nas ações de segurança; Avaliação das pacientes, acompanhantes e profissionais sobre o processo de construção da cartilha. A construção da cartilha envolveu a participação profissionais de saúde, usuários e acompanhantes em todas as etapas do processo. Considerações finais: o processo participativo possibilitou a criação da tecnologia educacional para o envolvimento das pacientes e acompanhantes nas ações de segurança do paciente.

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