Subject(s)
Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Snake Bites/veterinary , Snake Venoms/poisoning , Tachycardia/veterinary , Animals , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Auscultation/veterinary , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Edema/diagnosis , Edema/drug therapy , Edema/veterinary , Electrocardiography/veterinary , Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , Horse Diseases/physiopathology , Horses , Male , Penicillin G Procaine/therapeutic use , Quinidine/therapeutic use , Snake Bites/diagnosis , Snake Bites/drug therapy , Tachycardia/diagnosis , Tachycardia/drug therapyABSTRACT
This study was performed to determine the effect of administration of i.v. oxytocin on the contractility of the musculature associated with the equine oesophagus. Nine clinically normal horses were fitted with a nasogastric tube modified with inflatable latex cuffs. These cuffs were connected to piezoelectric pressure recording devices. Oxytocin in 3 different doses or saline controls were administered i.v. in a randomised block pattern. Systolic blood pressure, ECG, heart rate and nasogastric tube cuff pressures were then measured for 60 min. Administration of oxytocin i.v. at 0.11 and 0.22 iu/kg bwt, resulted in a short-term statistically significant relaxation of the musculature of the equine oesophagus. When oxytocin was administered at 0.11, 0.22 and 0.44 iu/kg bwt, no clinically significant cardiovascular changes were seen. In approximately 5% of the oxytocin administrations, signs of mild short-term abdominal discomfort were observed. In clinical cases of noncomplicated oesophageal obstruction, it is suggested that reduction in tone of oesophageal musculature may result in passage of oesophageal obstructions with reduced risk of oesophageal injury when compared to other traditional treatments.
Subject(s)
Airway Obstruction/veterinary , Esophagus/drug effects , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Oxytocin/therapeutic use , Airway Obstruction/drug therapy , Animals , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Electrocardiography/veterinary , Female , Heart/drug effects , Heart Rate/drug effects , Horses , Injections, Intravenous/veterinary , Male , Oxytocin/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Horse Diseases/etiology , Horses/injuries , Kyphosis/veterinary , Spinal Fractures/veterinary , Thoracic Vertebrae/injuries , Animals , Ataxia/etiology , Ataxia/veterinary , Female , Hindlimb , Kyphosis/etiology , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology , Spinal Fractures/complicationsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether supplemental i.v. calcium administration would attenuate or prevent gentamicin-induced acute renal failure, defined as an increase in serum creatinine concentration > or = 50% above baseline. ANIMALS: 10 healthy pony mares. PROCEDURE: Pony mares were randomly assigned to receive calcium at a dosage of 20 mg/kg of body weight or saline solution i.v., twice daily for 14 days. All pony mares received gentamicin at a dosage of 20 mg/kg i.v. every 8 hours for 14 days. Gentamicin pharmacokinetic, serum biochemical, and urinalysis data were measured every other day for the 14-day study period. Renal histologic examination was performed, and results were scored at the end of the 14-day period. RESULTS: 4 of 5 mares not receiving calcium supplementation developed acute renal failure. Only 1 of the 5 mares receiving calcium supplementation developed acute renal failure. Over the course of the study, pony mares receiving calcium supplementation had significantly fewer changes in urinalysis variables, and significantly less microscopic renal damage. CONCLUSION: Daily i.v. administration of calcium attenuated gentamicin-induced acute renal failure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Calcium supplementation may help diminish the risk of acute renal failure associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics.