ABSTRACT
As motor coordination impairment is a common symptom of acute and chronic alcohol intoxication, different studies have been conducted on cerebellar Purkinje cell sensitivity to ethanol since Purkinje cell firing constitutes the final integrative output of the cerebellar cortex. However, the effects of chronic ethanol ingestion on Purkinje firing and other cerebellar neurons such as Golgi cells remain unknown. Here, we studied the extracellular discharge of Purkinje and Golgi cells in four groups of non-anesthetized mice drinking ad libitum either 0%, 6%, 12% or 18% ethanol isocallorically compensated with sucrose 25% during a 3-month period. No difference in Golgi cell firing was found with respect to ethanol consumption. The only group that presented significant differences in Purkinje cell firing compared to the other groups was the 18% ethanol-drinking group. These mice presented decreased simple spike and complex spike firing and increased complex spike duration and pause. The 18% ethanol-drinking group was also the only one to present a slight but significant motor coordination impairment (evaluated by rotarod and runway) in naïve task. No motor coordination impairment was noticed in task learned before ethanol consumption. These results suggest that chronic high doses of ethanol are necessary to produce Purkinje cell firing alterations and measurable motor coordination impairment in naïve task. These alterations in Purkinje cell firing did not affect the ability to learn or to recall a motor coordination task.
Subject(s)
Action Potentials/drug effects , Central Nervous System Depressants/administration & dosage , Ethanol/administration & dosage , Golgi Apparatus/drug effects , Psychomotor Performance/drug effects , Purkinje Cells/drug effects , Animals , Behavior, Animal , Calbindins , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drinking Behavior , Drug Administration Schedule , Golgi Apparatus/physiology , Histocytochemistry/methods , Male , Mice , Purkinje Cells/physiology , Random Allocation , S100 Calcium Binding Protein G/metabolismABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To increase human bone graft regeneration and quality by the use of a mixture containing autologous ground calvarial bone, human recombinant tissue factor (rhTF), platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and tetracycline. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maxillary sinus floor augmentation was performed on 18 patients by grafting a "bone paste" made of PRP (1.8 x 10(6) platelets/mm3 plasma), about 1 microg rhTF, calvarial bone chips (2 to 5 mm in size), and tetracycline (10 to 30 microg/mL preparation). Five to 6 months after the surgical phase and grafting a bone core was extracted for implant fixation, and the osseous core samples were analyzed microscopically. RESULTS: Histology revealed vascularized connective tissue rich in lamellar bone spicules containing osteocytes and surrounded by osteoblasts. The success rate of grafting was 90.3%. In 6-month postoperative blood samples, no residual coagulating disturbances could be found. DISCUSSION: The combination of calvarial bone chips, rhTF, PRP, and tetracycline results in a paste that is easy to handle, safe for patients, and possesses high bone-regeneration capacity. CONCLUSION: The generalized use in implant dentistry, oral surgery, and orthopedics of such a protocol could facilitate the healing process as well as patient safety and surgeon comfort.