[Metabolic compensation and malformations in pregnancy complicated by diabetes]. / Compenso metabolico e malformazioni in gravidanze complicate da diabete.

Congenital malformations are considered the more frequent perinatal complications affecting offsprings of diabetic mothers; they represent the main cause of mortality of these neonates. Since diabetes is strictly controlled, the incidence and the seriousness of its complications are reduced from 8-10% to 2-3%. In this study we followed 56 pregnancies complicated by diabetes. There were 3 case of malformations. We correlate these with the metabolic maternal balance and with the HbA1c values. We could confirm the relationship between malformation and metabolic imbalance and also the absence of fetal malformations in women with metabolic compensation since the beginning of the pregnancy.

[Prevalence of RDS in diabetic pregnancy]. / La prevalenza di RDS del neonato nella gravidanza diabetica.

The offspring of the diabetic mother is more significantly affected by RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) than the healthy pregnancy's one in the same conditions. The RDS is one of the most important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The etiology of this syndrome is recognized in the modified carbohydrates metabolism, in the apposite effect of insulin versus the cortisol action, and in the slower adsorption of the alveolar fluid following the Cesarean section. In fact the diabetic mother is frequently submitted to this intervention to end the pregnancy and especially in last years when the CS was of first choice at 35 weeks in the diabetic mothers. Actually the RDS appears in the 13% of the offspring of mothers affected by pregestational diabetes and in the 5% of the offspring of gestational diabetic mothers. Here we refer about the prevalence of RDS in a population of 55 diabetic mothers.