Subject(s)
Automobile Driving , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Accidents, Traffic , Aged , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects , Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/adverse effects , Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Cause of Death , Dextropropoxyphene/adverse effects , Diazepam/adverse effects , Drug Interactions , Female , Humans , Hydroxyzine/adverse effects , Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects , Male , Nitrazepam/adverse effects , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to develop flexible and accurate multicompartment equations to calculate body composition and compare the results with methods using common two-compartment equations. Twenty-two healthy male volunteers 22-59 y of age were studied. Body volume was measured by underwater weighing (UWW) or with a skinfold caliper, bone mineral by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and body water by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). The percentage of water and bone mineral in fat-free mass (FFM) had a significant effect on the difference in percentage fat obtained by the two-compartment model compared with a four-compartment model. FFM density was negatively (r = -0.76, P < 0.001) and percentage water in FFM was positively correlated with age (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). The three-compartment model based on field-adapted methods (skinfold thickness + BIA) to calculate percentage body fat correlated significantly with the more complex four-compartment model (UWW + BIA + DXA; r = 0.95, P < 0.001). The advantages of three- and four-compartment equations are that they compensate for differences in body content of bone mineral and water.